{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bull+Run%2C+1st+Battle+of%2C+Va.%2C+1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bull+Run%2C+1st+Battle+of%2C+Va.%2C+1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_718","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\" Confederate broadside, 1861","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_718#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. 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Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85140205\"\u003eCivil War collections\u003c/a\u003e, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0366\"\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress' digital collections include a \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/amss-cw200350/\"\u003esimilar item\u003c/a\u003e, as well as a large collection of \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/search/?fa=partof:american+song+sheets\"\u003eAmerican Song Sheets\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York State Library holds the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/broadsides.htm#nysl\"\u003eBroadside Ballads Collection\u003c/a\u003e and The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archives.nypl.org/mus/20429#overview\"\u003eAmerican broadsides collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Civil War collections, including Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry.","The Library of Congress' digital collections include a similar item, as well as a large collection of American Song Sheets.","The New York State Library holds the Broadside Ballads Collection and The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts holds the American broadsides collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBroadside ballad titled \"Bull Run. 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The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_409a0e485b3d63a36ff614a02d111c3e\"\u003eConfederate broadside ballad titled \"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\".\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Confederate broadside ballad titled \"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\"."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_55a1dc14c3ff31b38bb6a943ad54661c\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over, and provided the Confederate army with what historians view as an ultimately misguided confidence in their ease of victory over Union forces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBroadsides (also known as \"broadside ballads\") were an inexpensive format of mass publication consisting of a single printed sheet, usually single-sided, containing song lyrics that were often topical in nature and meant to document or comment on current events. As such, broadsides were particularly popular in the United States during the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Civil War, many containing lyrics that documented events with humor, often satirically. Broadside ballads contained no musical notation and were intended to be sung to existing melodies, such as the 1850s folk song \"Wait for the Wagon\" which was popular with both Union and Confederate broadside ballads.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over, and provided the Confederate army with what historians view as an ultimately misguided confidence in their ease of victory over Union forces.","Broadsides (also known as \"broadside ballads\") were an inexpensive format of mass publication consisting of a single printed sheet, usually single-sided, containing song lyrics that were often topical in nature and meant to document or comment on current events. As such, broadsides were particularly popular in the United States during the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, and the Civil War, many containing lyrics that documented events with humor, often satirically. Broadside ballads contained no musical notation and were intended to be sung to existing melodies, such as the 1850s folk song \"Wait for the Wagon\" which was popular with both Union and Confederate broadside ballads."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\" Confederate broadside, C0434, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\" Confederate broadside, C0434, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in June 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in June 2024. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85140205\"\u003eCivil War collections\u003c/a\u003e, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0366\"\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress' digital collections include a \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/item/amss-cw200350/\"\u003esimilar item\u003c/a\u003e, as well as a large collection of \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/search/?fa=partof:american+song+sheets\"\u003eAmerican Song Sheets\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York State Library holds the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nysl.nysed.gov/msscfa/broadsides.htm#nysl\"\u003eBroadside Ballads Collection\u003c/a\u003e and The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts holds the \u003ca href=\"https://archives.nypl.org/mus/20429#overview\"\u003eAmerican broadsides collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other Civil War collections, including Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry.","The Library of Congress' digital collections include a similar item, as well as a large collection of American Song Sheets.","The New York State Library holds the Broadside Ballads Collection and The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts holds the American broadsides collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBroadside ballad titled \"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\" containing the lyrics to a Confederate song laughing at the Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861 in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Broadside ballad titled \"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\" containing the lyrics to a Confederate song laughing at the Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861 in Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_409a0e485b3d63a36ff614a02d111c3e\"\u003eConfederate broadside ballad titled \"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\".\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Confederate broadside ballad titled \"Bull Run. Tune - 'Wait for the Wagon'\"."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_55a1dc14c3ff31b38bb6a943ad54661c\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_718"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ronien, Francis, Corporal","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_480.xml","title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"title_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"unitdate_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"text":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry","C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","A digitized version of this letter can be found here:","This is a single item collection.","Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).","The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.","The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.","R 72, C 3, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"collection_ssim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480"],"unitid_tesim":["C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal"],"creator_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digitized version of this letter can be found here: \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry.\" href=\"https://digitalcollections.gmu.edu/record/4477?ln=en\u0026amp;v=pdf\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A digitized version of this letter can be found here:"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBanks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21 \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\" href=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLuebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Brady photograph of Cpl. Ronien\" href=\"https://provlibdigital.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A14792\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/92\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historic Virginia collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/460\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/144\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.sos.ri.gov/repositories/2/resources/649\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/114665198\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA transcription of this collection is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8462985bb53c6bcee9a96b48814ff2d7\"\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b7d7a08abd90635ee20ed65d53a67c95\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 4\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 4"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Ronien, Francis, Corporal","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865","Brady, Mathew B., approximately 1823-1896"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-24T00:01:28.443Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_480","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_480.xml","title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"title_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"unitdate_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["July 15, 1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry"],"text":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry","C0366","/repositories/2/resources/480","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Virginia, Northern","Virginia, Northern -- History","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","A digitized version of this letter can be found here:","This is a single item collection.","Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).","The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.","The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861.","R 72, C 3, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. 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(See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Military camps","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA digitized version of this letter can be found here: \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry.\" href=\"https://digitalcollections.gmu.edu/record/4477?ln=en\u0026amp;v=pdf\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A digitized version of this letter can be found here:"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBanks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21 \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\" href=\"http://www.jstor.org.mutex.gmu.edu/stable/24865790\u0026gt;\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLuebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Banks, John. \"On The Eve Of First Blood: Rhode Islanders Before First Bull Run.\" Military Images 35, no. 1 (2017): 18-21  (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"Bull Run First Battle.\" American Battlefield Trust. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/bull-run (accessed July 8, 2019).","\"First Battle of Bull Run.\" Enyclopaedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/First-Battle-of-Bull-Run-1861 (accessed July 8, 2019).","Luebke, Peter. \"First Battle of Manassas.\" Enyclopedia Virginia. https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/manassas_first_battle_of (accessed July 8, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical and Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, was the first major battle of the American Civil War. Fought on July 21, 1861 in Virginia, the battle was ultimately won by the Confederates, led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Union forces, led by Brigadier General Irvin McDowell, attempted numerous tactics to overtake the Confederates, but to no avail. Defeated, the Union army left Manassas for Washington, D.C., which led many to conclude that the war they were fighting was far from over.","Corporal Francis \"Frank\" Ronien (also spelled Ronian, Ronan, Ronain, and Romain) was a soldier and machinist in the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry during the Civil War. Ronien was from Pawtucket, RI, where his family - including a wife named Mary, and two sons named Francis Thomas and James Henry - presumably still lived while he served for the Union. He died during the First Battle of Bull Run: \"As the battle raged, Corporal Ronien 'was struck by a shell,' according to another officer in the regiment, 'which took off his leg between the knee (ampersand) hip.' He died a short time later, perhaps at Sudley Church or at Confederate soldier John Thornberry's small house or another Federal hospital nearby. 'He was a promising soldier,' a regimental history noted, 'and fell with his captain bravely fighting'\" (Banks)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, C0366, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2019. EAD markup completed by July 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Brady photograph of Cpl. Ronien\" href=\"https://provlibdigital.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A14792\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/92\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historic Virginia collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/460\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection.\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/144\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.sos.ri.gov/repositories/2/resources/649\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://catalog.archives.gov/id/114665198\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Providence Public Library holds the aforementioned . Photograph citation: VM013_FIC0267, Rhode Island General Photograph Collection, Special Collections, Providence Public Library.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to the Civil War and Civil War-era Virginia, including the , the , and the","The Rhode Island State Archives holds the full records for all RI companies in the Civil War. You can access the finding aid","The National Archives and Records Administration holds Ronien's widow's approved pension application. You can access it"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA transcription of this collection is available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letter from Corporal Francis Ronien (other variant spellings) of the 2nd Rhode Island Infantry to his brother Henry, written on July 15, 1861, six days before the First Battle of Bull Run. Ronien, who signs his letter as \"Frank,\" was writing from Camp Clarke in Washington, D.C., not far from the site of the upcoming battle in Manassas, VA, in which he would eventually fight and die. In the letter Ronien writes about a number of things, including the presence of President Abraham Lincoln at his regiment's dress parade, and being photographed by a Mathew Brady photographer (see Related Materials note for more information on this photograph). Ronien also writes about sightseeing in Washington, D.C. and military camp life.","A transcription of this collection is available upon request."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. 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