{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_larkin","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Larkin family photograph collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_larkin#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Larkin family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_larkin#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_larkin#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_larkin","ead_ssi":"vifgm_larkin","_root_":"vifgm_larkin","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_larkin","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/larkin.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larkin.html","title_ssm":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870s-1920s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870s-1920s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"text":["Larkin family photograph collection","C0126","Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","Albumen prints.","Cyanotypes.","Portraits.","Tintypes.","Organized largely by photograph type.","Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn, and Diane O'Connor, with Helena Zinkham et al. \"Photographs: Archival Care and Management.\"  Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2006.","In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, photography was moving beyond experts and studios and becoming more widespread among non-specialists.  Describing Kodak's invetion of Eastman gelatin film in 1886, Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler and Diane Vogt-O'Connor say, \"This process, in combination with the dry gelatin emulsion and Kodak's complete developing and printing service, encouraged amateur photography to boom\" (45).  Earlier popular photographic varieties such as tintypes (images on laquered iron common in the United States in the mid-to-late 1800s) and albumen prints (created using an egg-white emulsion common in the later 1800s) were gradualy overtaken by gelatin silver prints as the main photographic medium in use by professionals and amateurs alike (Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-48).  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce\" ('Photographic Processes').  The cyanotype, created using the same process used to make blueprints, never quite achieved the popularity of any of these processes (see Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-34).","This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints. A few of the photographs have been hand-tinted.  Several photos contain inscriptions of photo studios--including G. W. Davis and Unique--with addresses indicating that many of them were taken in Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, or Richmond, VA. The photographs range from professional studio portraits to informal group pictures, which appear to have been taken in more rural locales. Several of the photos show Victorian interiors and exteriors as well as horse carriages, row-boats and railroad tracks. Few of the subjects are identified, but photo-envelopes with the collection include the names Ceyton R. Larkin, Charles Rozier Larkin, Paul S. Williams, and Mrs. J. L. Johnson.","This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints.","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","Larkin family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0126"],"unitid_tesim":["C0126"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Larkin family"],"creator_ssim":["Larkin family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Larkin family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creators_ssim":["Larkin family","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donor unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","Albumen prints.","Cyanotypes.","Portraits.","Tintypes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","Albumen prints.","Cyanotypes.","Portraits.","Tintypes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized largely by photograph type.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized largely by photograph type."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRitzenthaler, Mary Lynn, and Diane O'Connor, with Helena Zinkham et al. \"Photographs: Archival Care and Management.\"  Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2006. \u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\n        \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Victoria and Albert Museum, 'Photographic Processes,' accessed April 13, 2015.\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photographic-processes/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n      \u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn, and Diane O'Connor, with Helena Zinkham et al. \"Photographs: Archival Care and Management.\"  Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2006."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries, photography was moving beyond experts and studios and becoming more widespread among non-specialists.  Describing Kodak's invetion of Eastman gelatin film in 1886, Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler and Diane Vogt-O'Connor say, \"This process, in combination with the dry gelatin emulsion and Kodak's complete developing and printing service, encouraged amateur photography to boom\" (45).  Earlier popular photographic varieties such as tintypes (images on laquered iron common in the United States in the mid-to-late 1800s) and albumen prints (created using an egg-white emulsion common in the later 1800s) were gradualy overtaken by gelatin silver prints as the main photographic medium in use by professionals and amateurs alike (Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-48).  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce\" ('Photographic Processes').  The cyanotype, created using the same process used to make blueprints, never quite achieved the popularity of any of these processes (see Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-34).       \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, photography was moving beyond experts and studios and becoming more widespread among non-specialists.  Describing Kodak's invetion of Eastman gelatin film in 1886, Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler and Diane Vogt-O'Connor say, \"This process, in combination with the dry gelatin emulsion and Kodak's complete developing and printing service, encouraged amateur photography to boom\" (45).  Earlier popular photographic varieties such as tintypes (images on laquered iron common in the United States in the mid-to-late 1800s) and albumen prints (created using an egg-white emulsion common in the later 1800s) were gradualy overtaken by gelatin silver prints as the main photographic medium in use by professionals and amateurs alike (Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-48).  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce\" ('Photographic Processes').  The cyanotype, created using the same process used to make blueprints, never quite achieved the popularity of any of these processes (see Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-34)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints. A few of the photographs have been hand-tinted.  Several photos contain inscriptions of photo studios--including G. W. Davis and Unique--with addresses indicating that many of them were taken in Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, or Richmond, VA. The photographs range from professional studio portraits to informal group pictures, which appear to have been taken in more rural locales. Several of the photos show Victorian interiors and exteriors as well as horse carriages, row-boats and railroad tracks. Few of the subjects are identified, but photo-envelopes with the collection include the names Ceyton R. Larkin, Charles Rozier Larkin, Paul S. Williams, and Mrs. J. L. Johnson.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints. A few of the photographs have been hand-tinted.  Several photos contain inscriptions of photo studios--including G. W. Davis and Unique--with addresses indicating that many of them were taken in Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, or Richmond, VA. The photographs range from professional studio portraits to informal group pictures, which appear to have been taken in more rural locales. Several of the photos show Victorian interiors and exteriors as well as horse carriages, row-boats and railroad tracks. Few of the subjects are identified, but photo-envelopes with the collection include the names Ceyton R. Larkin, Charles Rozier Larkin, Paul S. Williams, and Mrs. J. L. Johnson."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Larkin family"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","Larkin family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":82,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:03.374Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_larkin","ead_ssi":"vifgm_larkin","_root_":"vifgm_larkin","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_larkin","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/larkin.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larkin.html","title_ssm":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870s-1920s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870s-1920s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"text":["Larkin family photograph collection","C0126","Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","Albumen prints.","Cyanotypes.","Portraits.","Tintypes.","Organized largely by photograph type.","Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn, and Diane O'Connor, with Helena Zinkham et al. \"Photographs: Archival Care and Management.\"  Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2006.","In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, photography was moving beyond experts and studios and becoming more widespread among non-specialists.  Describing Kodak's invetion of Eastman gelatin film in 1886, Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler and Diane Vogt-O'Connor say, \"This process, in combination with the dry gelatin emulsion and Kodak's complete developing and printing service, encouraged amateur photography to boom\" (45).  Earlier popular photographic varieties such as tintypes (images on laquered iron common in the United States in the mid-to-late 1800s) and albumen prints (created using an egg-white emulsion common in the later 1800s) were gradualy overtaken by gelatin silver prints as the main photographic medium in use by professionals and amateurs alike (Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-48).  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce\" ('Photographic Processes').  The cyanotype, created using the same process used to make blueprints, never quite achieved the popularity of any of these processes (see Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-34).","This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints. A few of the photographs have been hand-tinted.  Several photos contain inscriptions of photo studios--including G. W. Davis and Unique--with addresses indicating that many of them were taken in Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, or Richmond, VA. The photographs range from professional studio portraits to informal group pictures, which appear to have been taken in more rural locales. Several of the photos show Victorian interiors and exteriors as well as horse carriages, row-boats and railroad tracks. Few of the subjects are identified, but photo-envelopes with the collection include the names Ceyton R. Larkin, Charles Rozier Larkin, Paul S. Williams, and Mrs. J. L. Johnson.","This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints.","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","Larkin family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["Larkin family photograph collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0126"],"unitid_tesim":["C0126"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Larkin family"],"creator_ssim":["Larkin family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Larkin family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"creators_ssim":["Larkin family","George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donor unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","Albumen prints.","Cyanotypes.","Portraits.","Tintypes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","Albumen prints.","Cyanotypes.","Portraits.","Tintypes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 linear ft. (2 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized largely by photograph type.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized largely by photograph type."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRitzenthaler, Mary Lynn, and Diane O'Connor, with Helena Zinkham et al. \"Photographs: Archival Care and Management.\"  Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2006. \u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\n        \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Victoria and Albert Museum, 'Photographic Processes,' accessed April 13, 2015.\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photographic-processes/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\n      \u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn, and Diane O'Connor, with Helena Zinkham et al. \"Photographs: Archival Care and Management.\"  Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2006."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the late 19th and early 20th centuries, photography was moving beyond experts and studios and becoming more widespread among non-specialists.  Describing Kodak's invetion of Eastman gelatin film in 1886, Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler and Diane Vogt-O'Connor say, \"This process, in combination with the dry gelatin emulsion and Kodak's complete developing and printing service, encouraged amateur photography to boom\" (45).  Earlier popular photographic varieties such as tintypes (images on laquered iron common in the United States in the mid-to-late 1800s) and albumen prints (created using an egg-white emulsion common in the later 1800s) were gradualy overtaken by gelatin silver prints as the main photographic medium in use by professionals and amateurs alike (Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-48).  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce\" ('Photographic Processes').  The cyanotype, created using the same process used to make blueprints, never quite achieved the popularity of any of these processes (see Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-34).       \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, photography was moving beyond experts and studios and becoming more widespread among non-specialists.  Describing Kodak's invetion of Eastman gelatin film in 1886, Mary Lynn Ritzenthaler and Diane Vogt-O'Connor say, \"This process, in combination with the dry gelatin emulsion and Kodak's complete developing and printing service, encouraged amateur photography to boom\" (45).  Earlier popular photographic varieties such as tintypes (images on laquered iron common in the United States in the mid-to-late 1800s) and albumen prints (created using an egg-white emulsion common in the later 1800s) were gradualy overtaken by gelatin silver prints as the main photographic medium in use by professionals and amateurs alike (Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-48).  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce\" ('Photographic Processes').  The cyanotype, created using the same process used to make blueprints, never quite achieved the popularity of any of these processes (see Ritzenthaler and Vogt-O'Connor, 33-34)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints. A few of the photographs have been hand-tinted.  Several photos contain inscriptions of photo studios--including G. W. Davis and Unique--with addresses indicating that many of them were taken in Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, or Richmond, VA. The photographs range from professional studio portraits to informal group pictures, which appear to have been taken in more rural locales. Several of the photos show Victorian interiors and exteriors as well as horse carriages, row-boats and railroad tracks. Few of the subjects are identified, but photo-envelopes with the collection include the names Ceyton R. Larkin, Charles Rozier Larkin, Paul S. Williams, and Mrs. J. L. Johnson.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints. A few of the photographs have been hand-tinted.  Several photos contain inscriptions of photo studios--including G. W. Davis and Unique--with addresses indicating that many of them were taken in Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, or Richmond, VA. The photographs range from professional studio portraits to informal group pictures, which appear to have been taken in more rural locales. Several of the photos show Victorian interiors and exteriors as well as horse carriages, row-boats and railroad tracks. Few of the subjects are identified, but photo-envelopes with the collection include the names Ceyton R. Larkin, Charles Rozier Larkin, Paul S. Williams, and Mrs. J. L. Johnson."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains dozens of family photographs from the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century, exhibiting a range of early photographic technology including albumen prints, tintypes and cyanotypes, as well as gelatin silver prints."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Larkin family"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","Larkin family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":82,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:03.374Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_larkin"}},{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00043","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00043#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00043#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains photographs of American rail travel through the Southwestern United States in 1893. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00043#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00043","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00043","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00043","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00043","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00043.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Southwestern United States photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Southwestern United States photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893"],"text":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893","C0201","Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","Mexican Americans--Photographs.","Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","Albumen prints.","Photographs in this collection are arranged as they were in their orginal photo album. The photographs begin with images of New Orleans and illustrate travel through the Southwestern United States.","The photographs in this collection document American travel at the turn of the century. Travel, during the latter part of the 19th century, was dominated by railroads. At the time these images were taken around 1893, over 87,801 miles of track had been laid in the United States. With the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, Americans were easily able to traverse the country facilitating the rapid settling of the Western United States.","This collection documents late 19th century rail travel and the urbanization of the Southwestern United States. Images in this collection include pictures of railroad passengers and employees of differing race and social class. Also included are images of New Orleans and Southwestern towns and cities and the people who inhabited them. The photographs also document leisure travel during the 19th century and feature tourists at the seashore and several hotels.","Though many of the photographs remain unidentified, they likely feature popular tourist destinations for those traveling by rail through the Southwest. Two of the photographs depict Colorado national parks, and many depict Mission-style churches. An article pasted into the back of the original photo album suggests that many of the train photographs could have been taken on the Colorado and Southern Railway, which ran through Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.","This collection contains photographs of American rail travel through the Southwestern United States in 1893.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893"],"collection_ssim":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0201"],"unitid_tesim":["C0201"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","Mexican Americans--Photographs.","Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","Albumen prints."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","Mexican Americans--Photographs.","Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","Albumen prints."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1893],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographs in this collection are arranged as they were in their orginal photo album. The photographs begin with images of New Orleans and illustrate travel through the Southwestern United States. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Photographs in this collection are arranged as they were in their orginal photo album. The photographs begin with images of New Orleans and illustrate travel through the Southwestern United States."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs in this collection document American travel at the turn of the century. Travel, during the latter part of the 19th century, was dominated by railroads. At the time these images were taken around 1893, over 87,801 miles of track had been laid in the United States. With the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, Americans were easily able to traverse the country facilitating the rapid settling of the Western United States.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The photographs in this collection document American travel at the turn of the century. Travel, during the latter part of the 19th century, was dominated by railroads. At the time these images were taken around 1893, over 87,801 miles of track had been laid in the United States. With the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, Americans were easily able to traverse the country facilitating the rapid settling of the Western United States."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents late 19th century rail travel and the urbanization of the Southwestern United States. Images in this collection include pictures of railroad passengers and employees of differing race and social class. Also included are images of New Orleans and Southwestern towns and cities and the people who inhabited them. The photographs also document leisure travel during the 19th century and feature tourists at the seashore and several hotels. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nThough many of the photographs remain unidentified, they likely feature popular tourist destinations for those traveling by rail through the Southwest. Two of the photographs depict Colorado national parks, and many depict Mission-style churches. An article pasted into the back of the original photo album suggests that many of the train photographs could have been taken on the Colorado and Southern Railway, which ran through Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents late 19th century rail travel and the urbanization of the Southwestern United States. Images in this collection include pictures of railroad passengers and employees of differing race and social class. Also included are images of New Orleans and Southwestern towns and cities and the people who inhabited them. The photographs also document leisure travel during the 19th century and feature tourists at the seashore and several hotels.","Though many of the photographs remain unidentified, they likely feature popular tourist destinations for those traveling by rail through the Southwest. Two of the photographs depict Colorado national parks, and many depict Mission-style churches. An article pasted into the back of the original photo album suggests that many of the train photographs could have been taken on the Colorado and Southern Railway, which ran through Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains photographs of American rail travel through the Southwestern United States in 1893. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains photographs of American rail travel through the Southwestern United States in 1893."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:37.481Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00043","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00043","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00043","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00043","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00043.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Southwestern United States photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["Southwestern United States photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893"],"text":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893","C0201","Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","Mexican Americans--Photographs.","Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","Albumen prints.","Photographs in this collection are arranged as they were in their orginal photo album. The photographs begin with images of New Orleans and illustrate travel through the Southwestern United States.","The photographs in this collection document American travel at the turn of the century. Travel, during the latter part of the 19th century, was dominated by railroads. At the time these images were taken around 1893, over 87,801 miles of track had been laid in the United States. With the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, Americans were easily able to traverse the country facilitating the rapid settling of the Western United States.","This collection documents late 19th century rail travel and the urbanization of the Southwestern United States. Images in this collection include pictures of railroad passengers and employees of differing race and social class. Also included are images of New Orleans and Southwestern towns and cities and the people who inhabited them. The photographs also document leisure travel during the 19th century and feature tourists at the seashore and several hotels.","Though many of the photographs remain unidentified, they likely feature popular tourist destinations for those traveling by rail through the Southwest. Two of the photographs depict Colorado national parks, and many depict Mission-style churches. An article pasted into the back of the original photo album suggests that many of the train photographs could have been taken on the Colorado and Southern Railway, which ran through Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.","This collection contains photographs of American rail travel through the Southwestern United States in 1893.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893"],"collection_ssim":["Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0201"],"unitid_tesim":["C0201"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","Mexican Americans--Photographs.","Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","Albumen prints."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","Mexican Americans--Photographs.","Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","Albumen prints."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1893],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographs in this collection are arranged as they were in their orginal photo album. The photographs begin with images of New Orleans and illustrate travel through the Southwestern United States. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Photographs in this collection are arranged as they were in their orginal photo album. The photographs begin with images of New Orleans and illustrate travel through the Southwestern United States."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe photographs in this collection document American travel at the turn of the century. Travel, during the latter part of the 19th century, was dominated by railroads. At the time these images were taken around 1893, over 87,801 miles of track had been laid in the United States. With the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, Americans were easily able to traverse the country facilitating the rapid settling of the Western United States.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The photographs in this collection document American travel at the turn of the century. Travel, during the latter part of the 19th century, was dominated by railroads. At the time these images were taken around 1893, over 87,801 miles of track had been laid in the United States. With the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in 1869, Americans were easily able to traverse the country facilitating the rapid settling of the Western United States."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents late 19th century rail travel and the urbanization of the Southwestern United States. Images in this collection include pictures of railroad passengers and employees of differing race and social class. Also included are images of New Orleans and Southwestern towns and cities and the people who inhabited them. The photographs also document leisure travel during the 19th century and feature tourists at the seashore and several hotels. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\nThough many of the photographs remain unidentified, they likely feature popular tourist destinations for those traveling by rail through the Southwest. Two of the photographs depict Colorado national parks, and many depict Mission-style churches. An article pasted into the back of the original photo album suggests that many of the train photographs could have been taken on the Colorado and Southern Railway, which ran through Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents late 19th century rail travel and the urbanization of the Southwestern United States. Images in this collection include pictures of railroad passengers and employees of differing race and social class. Also included are images of New Orleans and Southwestern towns and cities and the people who inhabited them. The photographs also document leisure travel during the 19th century and feature tourists at the seashore and several hotels.","Though many of the photographs remain unidentified, they likely feature popular tourist destinations for those traveling by rail through the Southwest. Two of the photographs depict Colorado national parks, and many depict Mission-style churches. An article pasted into the back of the original photo album suggests that many of the train photographs could have been taken on the Colorado and Southern Railway, which ran through Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains photographs of American rail travel through the Southwestern United States in 1893. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains photographs of American rail travel through the Southwestern United States in 1893."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":38,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:37.481Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00043"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Larkin family photograph collection","value":"Larkin family photograph collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Larkin+family+photograph+collection\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893","value":"Southwestern United States photograph collection, 1893","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Southwestern+United+States+photograph+collection%2C+1893\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1893","value":"1893","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives","value":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Larkin family","value":"Larkin family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Larkin+family\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","value":"George Mason University. Special Collections Research Center.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+Research+Center.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives","value":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","value":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Larkin family","value":"Larkin family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Larkin+family\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Albumen prints.","value":"Albumen prints.","hits":2},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","value":"Architecture--Southwestern States--Photographs.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Architecture--Southwestern+States--Photographs.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cyanotypes.","value":"Cyanotypes.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Cyanotypes.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","value":"Domestic life. Washington (D.C.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Domestic+life.+Washington+%28D.C.%29\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mexican Americans--Photographs.","value":"Mexican Americans--Photographs.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Mexican+Americans--Photographs.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Portraits.","value":"Portraits.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Portraits.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","value":"Railroad stations--United States--Photographs.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Railroad+stations--United+States--Photographs.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","value":"Railroad travel--United States--Photographs.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Railroad+travel--United+States--Photographs.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Tintypes.","value":"Tintypes.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Tintypes.\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Albumen+prints.\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=list"}}]}