{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1876\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1876\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James E. Yates Account Book","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Yates, James E.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1179.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Yates, James E., Account Book","title_ssm":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"title_tesim":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1874-1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1874-1910"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1940.032"],"text":["Ms.1940.032","James E. Yates Account Book","Agriculture","Rappahannock County (Va.)","Account books","The collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized and is  available online .","The collection is arranged by item type, with unbound financial documents preceding the account book.","James Edward Yates was born to Benjamin and Mary Yates in Culpeper County, Virginia, on January 24, 1826. By 1860, Yates was living in Rappahannock County, Virginia, where he worked as a cattle dealer. He married Mary Elizabeth Moore in Rappahnnock County on March 19, 1868. The marriage record notes that Yates, a widower, was working as a cattle trader. A 50-year-old J. E. Yates is listed as a stock dealer living in Flint Hill (Rappahannock County) in the 1880 census. Among others in the household is Yates's wife, Betty; children Charlie, Edward M., and Lizzie; and Yates's mother-in-law, Betsy Moore. James E. Yates died on January 21, 1918, and is buried in Rappahannock County's Flint Hill Methodist Cemetery. (Mrs. A. A. Yates (1829-1867), also buried in this cemetery, was likely Yates's first wife, as a stock dealer named James Yates married Adaline Amanda Swain in Rappahannock County in 1859; in the 1880 census, Harriett Swain, Yates's mother-in-law, is listed among the inhabitants of his household.)","The guide to the James E. Yates Account Book by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the James E. Yates Account Book commenced and was completed in September 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970.","This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Included are names of customers, as well as dates, descriptions, and amounts of transactions, largely relating to sales of cattle and other livestock. The collection also includes loose documents that had been inserted in the front of the ledger. Among these are account statements, receipts, checks, promissory notes, and business correspondence.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Yates, James E.","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1940.032"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["James E. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The James E. Yates Account Book was acquired by the university in 1939 or 1940 and transferred to Special Collections and University Archives."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Rappahannock County (Va.)","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Rappahannock County (Va.)","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been digitized and is \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1940-032_JamesYatesAccountBook\" target=\"new\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection has been digitized and is  available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by item type, with unbound financial documents preceding the account book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by item type, with unbound financial documents preceding the account book."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Edward Yates was born to Benjamin and Mary Yates in Culpeper County, Virginia, on January 24, 1826. By 1860, Yates was living in Rappahannock County, Virginia, where he worked as a cattle dealer. He married Mary Elizabeth Moore in Rappahnnock County on March 19, 1868. The marriage record notes that Yates, a widower, was working as a cattle trader. A 50-year-old J. E. Yates is listed as a stock dealer living in Flint Hill (Rappahannock County) in the 1880 census. Among others in the household is Yates's wife, Betty; children Charlie, Edward M., and Lizzie; and Yates's mother-in-law, Betsy Moore. James E. Yates died on January 21, 1918, and is buried in Rappahannock County's Flint Hill Methodist Cemetery. (Mrs. A. A. Yates (1829-1867), also buried in this cemetery, was likely Yates's first wife, as a stock dealer named James Yates married Adaline Amanda Swain in Rappahannock County in 1859; in the 1880 census, Harriett Swain, Yates's mother-in-law, is listed among the inhabitants of his household.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Edward Yates was born to Benjamin and Mary Yates in Culpeper County, Virginia, on January 24, 1826. By 1860, Yates was living in Rappahannock County, Virginia, where he worked as a cattle dealer. He married Mary Elizabeth Moore in Rappahnnock County on March 19, 1868. The marriage record notes that Yates, a widower, was working as a cattle trader. A 50-year-old J. E. Yates is listed as a stock dealer living in Flint Hill (Rappahannock County) in the 1880 census. Among others in the household is Yates's wife, Betty; children Charlie, Edward M., and Lizzie; and Yates's mother-in-law, Betsy Moore. James E. Yates died on January 21, 1918, and is buried in Rappahannock County's Flint Hill Methodist Cemetery. (Mrs. A. A. Yates (1829-1867), also buried in this cemetery, was likely Yates's first wife, as a stock dealer named James Yates married Adaline Amanda Swain in Rappahannock County in 1859; in the 1880 census, Harriett Swain, Yates's mother-in-law, is listed among the inhabitants of his household.)"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the James E. Yates Account Book by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the James E. Yates Account Book by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James E. Yates Account Book, Ms1940-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James E. Yates Account Book, Ms1940-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the James E. Yates Account Book commenced and was completed in September 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the James E. Yates Account Book commenced and was completed in September 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Included are names of customers, as well as dates, descriptions, and amounts of transactions, largely relating to sales of cattle and other livestock. The collection also includes loose documents that had been inserted in the front of the ledger. Among these are account statements, receipts, checks, promissory notes, and business correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Included are names of customers, as well as dates, descriptions, and amounts of transactions, largely relating to sales of cattle and other livestock. The collection also includes loose documents that had been inserted in the front of the ledger. Among these are account statements, receipts, checks, promissory notes, and business correspondence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c36b4d33e1ee0283af2215e1db8716e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Yates, James E."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Yates, James E."],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:33:17.332Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1179.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Yates, James E., Account Book","title_ssm":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"title_tesim":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1874-1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1874-1910"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1940.032"],"text":["Ms.1940.032","James E. Yates Account Book","Agriculture","Rappahannock County (Va.)","Account books","The collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized and is  available online .","The collection is arranged by item type, with unbound financial documents preceding the account book.","James Edward Yates was born to Benjamin and Mary Yates in Culpeper County, Virginia, on January 24, 1826. By 1860, Yates was living in Rappahannock County, Virginia, where he worked as a cattle dealer. He married Mary Elizabeth Moore in Rappahnnock County on March 19, 1868. The marriage record notes that Yates, a widower, was working as a cattle trader. A 50-year-old J. E. Yates is listed as a stock dealer living in Flint Hill (Rappahannock County) in the 1880 census. Among others in the household is Yates's wife, Betty; children Charlie, Edward M., and Lizzie; and Yates's mother-in-law, Betsy Moore. James E. Yates died on January 21, 1918, and is buried in Rappahannock County's Flint Hill Methodist Cemetery. (Mrs. A. A. Yates (1829-1867), also buried in this cemetery, was likely Yates's first wife, as a stock dealer named James Yates married Adaline Amanda Swain in Rappahannock County in 1859; in the 1880 census, Harriett Swain, Yates's mother-in-law, is listed among the inhabitants of his household.)","The guide to the James E. Yates Account Book by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the James E. Yates Account Book commenced and was completed in September 2011. Initial description was completed in or prior to May 1970.","This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Included are names of customers, as well as dates, descriptions, and amounts of transactions, largely relating to sales of cattle and other livestock. The collection also includes loose documents that had been inserted in the front of the ledger. Among these are account statements, receipts, checks, promissory notes, and business correspondence.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Yates, James E.","The materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1940.032"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["James E. Yates Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["James E. 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Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The James E. Yates Account Book was acquired by the university in 1939 or 1940 and transferred to Special Collections and University Archives."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Rappahannock County (Va.)","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Rappahannock County (Va.)","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been digitized and is \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms1940-032_JamesYatesAccountBook\" target=\"new\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection has been digitized and is  available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by item type, with unbound financial documents preceding the account book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by item type, with unbound financial documents preceding the account book."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Edward Yates was born to Benjamin and Mary Yates in Culpeper County, Virginia, on January 24, 1826. By 1860, Yates was living in Rappahannock County, Virginia, where he worked as a cattle dealer. He married Mary Elizabeth Moore in Rappahnnock County on March 19, 1868. The marriage record notes that Yates, a widower, was working as a cattle trader. A 50-year-old J. E. Yates is listed as a stock dealer living in Flint Hill (Rappahannock County) in the 1880 census. Among others in the household is Yates's wife, Betty; children Charlie, Edward M., and Lizzie; and Yates's mother-in-law, Betsy Moore. James E. Yates died on January 21, 1918, and is buried in Rappahannock County's Flint Hill Methodist Cemetery. (Mrs. A. A. Yates (1829-1867), also buried in this cemetery, was likely Yates's first wife, as a stock dealer named James Yates married Adaline Amanda Swain in Rappahannock County in 1859; in the 1880 census, Harriett Swain, Yates's mother-in-law, is listed among the inhabitants of his household.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Edward Yates was born to Benjamin and Mary Yates in Culpeper County, Virginia, on January 24, 1826. By 1860, Yates was living in Rappahannock County, Virginia, where he worked as a cattle dealer. He married Mary Elizabeth Moore in Rappahnnock County on March 19, 1868. The marriage record notes that Yates, a widower, was working as a cattle trader. A 50-year-old J. E. Yates is listed as a stock dealer living in Flint Hill (Rappahannock County) in the 1880 census. Among others in the household is Yates's wife, Betty; children Charlie, Edward M., and Lizzie; and Yates's mother-in-law, Betsy Moore. James E. Yates died on January 21, 1918, and is buried in Rappahannock County's Flint Hill Methodist Cemetery. (Mrs. A. A. Yates (1829-1867), also buried in this cemetery, was likely Yates's first wife, as a stock dealer named James Yates married Adaline Amanda Swain in Rappahannock County in 1859; in the 1880 census, Harriett Swain, Yates's mother-in-law, is listed among the inhabitants of his household.)"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the James E. Yates Account Book by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the James E. Yates Account Book by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James E. Yates Account Book, Ms1940-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], James E. Yates Account Book, Ms1940-032, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the James E. Yates Account Book commenced and was completed in September 2011. 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Among these are account statements, receipts, checks, promissory notes, and business correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Included are names of customers, as well as dates, descriptions, and amounts of transactions, largely relating to sales of cattle and other livestock. The collection also includes loose documents that had been inserted in the front of the ledger. Among these are account statements, receipts, checks, promissory notes, and business correspondence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1c36b4d33e1ee0283af2215e1db8716e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of an account book maintained by James E. Yates, a livestock trader in Rappahannock County, Virginia, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Yates, James E."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Yates, James E."],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:33:17.332Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1179"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Kammerer Family Business Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kammerer, Joseph ","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4023.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kammerer Family Business Collection","title_ssm":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"title_tesim":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1842-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1842-1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.079"],"text":["Ms.2022.079","Kammerer Family Business Collection","Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink","The collection is open for research.","This collection is separated in to three series: Correspondence, Administrative, and Financial. 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Joseph Kammerer went on to expand family operations to include a dru goods store, a mill, and a distillery (well known in the late 19th century as Kammerer Pure Monongahela Rye Whiskey). ","More information: http://pre-prowhiskeymen.blogspot.com/2022/04/how-kammerers-created-pennsylvania-town.html; http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?811,444023","The guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022.","This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. 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","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kammerer, Joseph ","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.079"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Kammerer Family Business Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"creator_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"creators_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"access_terms_ssm":["This colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in two accruals in April 2018 and April 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is separated in to three series: Correspondence, Administrative, and Financial. 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Joseph Kammerer went on to expand family operations to include a dru goods store, a mill, and a distillery (well known in the late 19th century as Kammerer Pure Monongahela Rye Whiskey). ","More information: http://pre-prowhiskeymen.blogspot.com/2022/04/how-kammerers-created-pennsylvania-town.html; http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?811,444023"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. 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The documents in this collection reflect the operations and management of the Kammerer family land, farm, and businesses, which included, a various points: an inn/tavern, a grain mill, a distillery, and a dry goods store."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d3df42b199000694be35ee0543a42c3c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. 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","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. 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","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections in two accruals in April 2018 and April 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Cocktails -- History","Cocktail History Collection","Food Technology and Production","History of Food and Drink"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is separated in to three series: Correspondence, Administrative, and Financial. 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Joseph Kammerer went on to expand family operations to include a dru goods store, a mill, and a distillery (well known in the late 19th century as Kammerer Pure Monongahela Rye Whiskey). ","More information: http://pre-prowhiskeymen.blogspot.com/2022/04/how-kammerers-created-pennsylvania-town.html; http://www.pa-roots.org/data/read.php?811,444023"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Kammerer Family Business Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kammerer Family Business Collection, 1842-1914, Ms2022-079, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Kammerer Family Business Collection was completed in December 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900. The documents in this collection reflect the operations and management of the Kammerer family land, farm, and businesses, which included, a various points: an inn/tavern, a grain mill, a distillery, and a dry goods store.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900. The documents in this collection reflect the operations and management of the Kammerer family land, farm, and businesses, which included, a various points: an inn/tavern, a grain mill, a distillery, and a dry goods store."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This colletion is in the public domain. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d3df42b199000694be35ee0543a42c3c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of the family business papers, primarily of John Kammerer and his son, Joseph Kammerer. In addtion, there is material from George W. Jones (likely a business parter or associate) and genearl corresponse relating to the family businesses. Materials date from 1842 to 1914, thought most items are from before 1900."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kammerer, Joseph "],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Kammerer, Joseph "],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":30,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:11:04.346Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4023"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Peter Saunders Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders (1823-1904), a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Peter Saunders' son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Edward W. Saunders would go on to be a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, possibly Peter Saunders' sister Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911), who married Col. William Preston's grandson and professor Thomas L. Preston.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4321.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Saunders, Peter, Family Papers","title_ssm":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1873-1886"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1873-1886"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.094"],"text":["Ms.2024.094","Peter Saunders Family Papers","Agriculture","History of Food and Drink","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","This collection is arranged by correspondent. Each folder is arranged chronologically with undated materials at the end.","Peter Saunders (1823-1904) was a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Saunders came from a very well-known family. His grandfather was Peter Saunders, Sr., coined as the \"Pioneer of Franklin County,\" and his father was Judge Fleming Saunders (1778-1858), who enslaved over 150 people. Peter Saunders married Elizabeth Dabney in 1855. Together they had four children. Their oldest son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), was a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Peter Saunders had a sister named Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911) who married in 1846 to Thomas L. Preston, professor at the University of Virginia and grandson of Col. William Preston.","External Sources:","United States Federal Census, 1860.","\"Fleming Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","National Register of Historic Places, Bleak Hill, Callaway, Franklin County, Virginia, National Register #10244018,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","\"Ann M. Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/,  accessed on September 27, 2024. ","\"Anna Mariah Saunders Preston\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward W Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"SAUNDERS, Edward Watts, 1860 – 1921\",  Biographical Directory of the United States Congress,  https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward Watts Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","The guide to the Peter Saunders Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Peter Saunders Family Papers was completed in September 2024.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has a letter, possibly from Ann Saunders' husband Thomas L. Preston, in the  Thomas L. Preston Letter, Ms2008-041.","See also the  Irvine-Saunders Family Papers, Accession 116,  housed at the University of Virginia's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia.","This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders, a farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. The items in this collection dated 1874-1886 contains correspondence to Peter Saunders about his farm as well as receipts and advertisements for farm equipment from various companies, including the Lee, Taylor, and Payne Leaf Tobacco Company, the Watt and Call Sole Agents of Richmond, Virginia, and Poole and Hunt. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Edward Watts Saunders, Peter Saunders' son, as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, who may be Peter Saunders' sister Ann Saunders Preston.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders (1823-1904), a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Peter Saunders' son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Edward W. Saunders would go on to be a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, possibly Peter Saunders' sister Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911), who married Col. William Preston's grandson and professor Thomas L. Preston.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.094"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"creator_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"creators_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Peter Saunders Family Papers was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","History of Food and Drink","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","History of Food and Drink","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by correspondent. Each folder is arranged chronologically with undated materials at the end.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by correspondent. Each folder is arranged chronologically with undated materials at the end."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeter Saunders (1823-1904) was a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Saunders came from a very well-known family. His grandfather was Peter Saunders, Sr., coined as the \"Pioneer of Franklin County,\" and his father was Judge Fleming Saunders (1778-1858), who enslaved over 150 people. Peter Saunders married Elizabeth Dabney in 1855. Together they had four children. Their oldest son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), was a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Peter Saunders had a sister named Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911) who married in 1846 to Thomas L. Preston, professor at the University of Virginia and grandson of Col. William Preston.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Fleming Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Register of Historic Places, Bleak Hill, Callaway, Franklin County, Virginia, National Register #10244018, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ann M. Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Anna Mariah Saunders Preston\" entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Oct. 23, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward W Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Oct. 23, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"SAUNDERS, Edward Watts, 1860 – 1921\",  Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077\"\u003ehttps://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Oct. 23, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward Watts Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Saunders (1823-1904) was a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Saunders came from a very well-known family. His grandfather was Peter Saunders, Sr., coined as the \"Pioneer of Franklin County,\" and his father was Judge Fleming Saunders (1778-1858), who enslaved over 150 people. Peter Saunders married Elizabeth Dabney in 1855. Together they had four children. Their oldest son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), was a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Peter Saunders had a sister named Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911) who married in 1846 to Thomas L. Preston, professor at the University of Virginia and grandson of Col. William Preston.","External Sources:","United States Federal Census, 1860.","\"Fleming Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","National Register of Historic Places, Bleak Hill, Callaway, Franklin County, Virginia, National Register #10244018,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","\"Ann M. Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/,  accessed on September 27, 2024. ","\"Anna Mariah Saunders Preston\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward W Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"SAUNDERS, Edward Watts, 1860 – 1921\",  Biographical Directory of the United States Congress,  https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward Watts Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Peter Saunders Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Peter Saunders Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Peter Saunders Family Papers, 1873-1886, Ms2024-094, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Peter Saunders Family Papers, 1873-1886, Ms2024-094, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Peter Saunders Family Papers was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Peter Saunders Family Papers was completed in September 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has a letter, possibly from Ann Saunders' husband Thomas L. Preston, in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2362.xml\"\u003eThomas L. Preston Letter, Ms2008-041.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu00017.xml\"\u003eIrvine-Saunders Family Papers, Accession 116,\u003c/a\u003e housed at the University of Virginia's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has a letter, possibly from Ann Saunders' husband Thomas L. Preston, in the  Thomas L. Preston Letter, Ms2008-041.","See also the  Irvine-Saunders Family Papers, Accession 116,  housed at the University of Virginia's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders, a farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. The items in this collection dated 1874-1886 contains correspondence to Peter Saunders about his farm as well as receipts and advertisements for farm equipment from various companies, including the Lee, Taylor, and Payne Leaf Tobacco Company, the Watt and Call Sole Agents of Richmond, Virginia, and Poole and Hunt. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Edward Watts Saunders, Peter Saunders' son, as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, who may be Peter Saunders' sister Ann Saunders Preston.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders, a farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. The items in this collection dated 1874-1886 contains correspondence to Peter Saunders about his farm as well as receipts and advertisements for farm equipment from various companies, including the Lee, Taylor, and Payne Leaf Tobacco Company, the Watt and Call Sole Agents of Richmond, Virginia, and Poole and Hunt. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Edward Watts Saunders, Peter Saunders' son, as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, who may be Peter Saunders' sister Ann Saunders Preston."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_996c82fe9dd198e2864ef4f252e0a3c5\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders (1823-1904), a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Peter Saunders' son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Edward W. Saunders would go on to be a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, possibly Peter Saunders' sister Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911), who married Col. William Preston's grandson and professor Thomas L. Preston.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders (1823-1904), a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Peter Saunders' son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Edward W. Saunders would go on to be a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, possibly Peter Saunders' sister Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911), who married Col. William Preston's grandson and professor Thomas L. Preston."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4321.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Saunders, Peter, Family Papers","title_ssm":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1873-1886"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1873-1886"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.094"],"text":["Ms.2024.094","Peter Saunders Family Papers","Agriculture","History of Food and Drink","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","This collection is arranged by correspondent. Each folder is arranged chronologically with undated materials at the end.","Peter Saunders (1823-1904) was a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Saunders came from a very well-known family. His grandfather was Peter Saunders, Sr., coined as the \"Pioneer of Franklin County,\" and his father was Judge Fleming Saunders (1778-1858), who enslaved over 150 people. Peter Saunders married Elizabeth Dabney in 1855. Together they had four children. Their oldest son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), was a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Peter Saunders had a sister named Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911) who married in 1846 to Thomas L. Preston, professor at the University of Virginia and grandson of Col. William Preston.","External Sources:","United States Federal Census, 1860.","\"Fleming Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","National Register of Historic Places, Bleak Hill, Callaway, Franklin County, Virginia, National Register #10244018,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","\"Ann M. Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/,  accessed on September 27, 2024. ","\"Anna Mariah Saunders Preston\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward W Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"SAUNDERS, Edward Watts, 1860 – 1921\",  Biographical Directory of the United States Congress,  https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward Watts Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","The guide to the Peter Saunders Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Peter Saunders Family Papers was completed in September 2024.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has a letter, possibly from Ann Saunders' husband Thomas L. Preston, in the  Thomas L. Preston Letter, Ms2008-041.","See also the  Irvine-Saunders Family Papers, Accession 116,  housed at the University of Virginia's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia.","This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders, a farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. The items in this collection dated 1874-1886 contains correspondence to Peter Saunders about his farm as well as receipts and advertisements for farm equipment from various companies, including the Lee, Taylor, and Payne Leaf Tobacco Company, the Watt and Call Sole Agents of Richmond, Virginia, and Poole and Hunt. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Edward Watts Saunders, Peter Saunders' son, as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, who may be Peter Saunders' sister Ann Saunders Preston.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders (1823-1904), a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Peter Saunders' son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Edward W. Saunders would go on to be a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, possibly Peter Saunders' sister Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911), who married Col. William Preston's grandson and professor Thomas L. Preston.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.094"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Peter Saunders Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"creator_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"creators_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Peter Saunders Family Papers was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in July 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","History of Food and Drink","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","History of Food and Drink","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by correspondent. Each folder is arranged chronologically with undated materials at the end.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by correspondent. Each folder is arranged chronologically with undated materials at the end."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeter Saunders (1823-1904) was a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Saunders came from a very well-known family. His grandfather was Peter Saunders, Sr., coined as the \"Pioneer of Franklin County,\" and his father was Judge Fleming Saunders (1778-1858), who enslaved over 150 people. Peter Saunders married Elizabeth Dabney in 1855. Together they had four children. Their oldest son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), was a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Peter Saunders had a sister named Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911) who married in 1846 to Thomas L. Preston, professor at the University of Virginia and grandson of Col. William Preston.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1860.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Fleming Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNational Register of Historic Places, Bleak Hill, Callaway, Franklin County, Virginia, National Register #10244018, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf\"\u003ehttps://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ann M. Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Anna Mariah Saunders Preston\" entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Oct. 23, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward W Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Oct. 23, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"SAUNDERS, Edward Watts, 1860 – 1921\",  Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077\"\u003ehttps://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077\u003c/a\u003e, accessed Oct. 23, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward Watts Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders,\u003c/a\u003e accessed on September 27, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Saunders (1823-1904) was a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Saunders came from a very well-known family. His grandfather was Peter Saunders, Sr., coined as the \"Pioneer of Franklin County,\" and his father was Judge Fleming Saunders (1778-1858), who enslaved over 150 people. Peter Saunders married Elizabeth Dabney in 1855. Together they had four children. Their oldest son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), was a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Peter Saunders had a sister named Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911) who married in 1846 to Thomas L. Preston, professor at the University of Virginia and grandson of Col. William Preston.","External Sources:","United States Federal Census, 1860.","\"Fleming Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/118549296/fleming-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","National Register of Historic Places, Bleak Hill, Callaway, Franklin County, Virginia, National Register #10244018,  https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/033-0002_Bleak_Hill_2002_Final_Nomination.pdf,  accessed on September 27, 2024.","\"Ann M. Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Select Marriages, 1785-1940, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/2346591:60214/,  accessed on September 27, 2024. ","\"Anna Mariah Saunders Preston\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83199701/anna_mariah_preston , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward W Saunders\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/255817:9278 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"SAUNDERS, Edward Watts, 1860 – 1921\",  Biographical Directory of the United States Congress,  https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000077 , accessed Oct. 23, 2024.","\"Edward Watts Saunders\" entry, findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/33419197/edward-watts-saunders,  accessed on September 27, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Peter Saunders Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Peter Saunders Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Peter Saunders Family Papers, 1873-1886, Ms2024-094, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Peter Saunders Family Papers, 1873-1886, Ms2024-094, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Peter Saunders Family Papers was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Peter Saunders Family Papers was completed in September 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has a letter, possibly from Ann Saunders' husband Thomas L. Preston, in the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2362.xml\"\u003eThomas L. Preston Letter, Ms2008-041.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu00017.xml\"\u003eIrvine-Saunders Family Papers, Accession 116,\u003c/a\u003e housed at the University of Virginia's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives also has a letter, possibly from Ann Saunders' husband Thomas L. Preston, in the  Thomas L. Preston Letter, Ms2008-041.","See also the  Irvine-Saunders Family Papers, Accession 116,  housed at the University of Virginia's Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders, a farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. The items in this collection dated 1874-1886 contains correspondence to Peter Saunders about his farm as well as receipts and advertisements for farm equipment from various companies, including the Lee, Taylor, and Payne Leaf Tobacco Company, the Watt and Call Sole Agents of Richmond, Virginia, and Poole and Hunt. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Edward Watts Saunders, Peter Saunders' son, as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, who may be Peter Saunders' sister Ann Saunders Preston.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders, a farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. The items in this collection dated 1874-1886 contains correspondence to Peter Saunders about his farm as well as receipts and advertisements for farm equipment from various companies, including the Lee, Taylor, and Payne Leaf Tobacco Company, the Watt and Call Sole Agents of Richmond, Virginia, and Poole and Hunt. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Edward Watts Saunders, Peter Saunders' son, as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, who may be Peter Saunders' sister Ann Saunders Preston."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_996c82fe9dd198e2864ef4f252e0a3c5\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders (1823-1904), a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Peter Saunders' son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Edward W. Saunders would go on to be a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, possibly Peter Saunders' sister Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911), who married Col. William Preston's grandson and professor Thomas L. Preston.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains correspondence, receipts, and leaflets belonging to Peter Saunders (1823-1904), a lawyer and farmer from Franklin County, Virginia. Additionally, three letters dated January 1884 discuss the appointment of Peter Saunders' son, Edward Watts Saunders (1860-1921), as the judge of Franklin County, Virginia. Edward W. Saunders would go on to be a member of Congress, judge of the Circuit Court, and a justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals. Three letters dated 1873-1874 are from a person with the initial M addressed to a woman named Annie, possibly Peter Saunders' sister Ann M. Saunders (1825-1911), who married Col. William Preston's grandson and professor Thomas L. Preston."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Saunders family","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Saunders, Peter, 1823-1904"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:55.437Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4321"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement that outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, lands belonging to S. and R. Dodd in Halifax County, Virginia, for the year 1877.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2388.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Crews, Samuel, Sharecropper Contract","title_ssm":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"unitdate_ssm":["1876"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1876"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.067"],"text":["Ms.2008.067","Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract","Agriculture","Sharecropping -- United States -- Virginia","Legal instruments (Legal documents)","The collection is open for research.","Samuel Walter Crews appears in Virginia's 1850 census under southern Halifax County as a four-year-old boy, thus placing his birth in around 1846. Crews was born to James Henry Crews and Marguerite Walker and had three sisters: Anne E., Phebe M. and Mary F. ","Crews was a sharecropper, one who farms land without owning it for a share of the yield. Sharecropping became popular in Halifax County, Virginia, after the abolition of slavery caused landowners to seek new forms of labor. ","The guide to the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract occurred in August 2008.","The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement between S. and R. Dodd and Samuel Crews for the year 1877. The contract outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, land in Halifax County, Virginia. In the document, Crews agrees to pay the Dodds one fourth of crops grown and to build a fence. Crops cultivated include tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats. This diversified list of crops represents the shift away from a tobacco monoculture that occurred between 1870 and 1880 in Virginia.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement that outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, lands belonging to S. and R. Dodd in Halifax County, Virginia, for the year 1877.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.067"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"creator_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"creators_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract was purchased by Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Sharecropping -- United States -- Virginia","Legal instruments (Legal documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Sharecropping -- United States -- Virginia","Legal instruments (Legal documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Legal instruments (Legal documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1876],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Walter Crews appears in Virginia's 1850 census under southern Halifax County as a four-year-old boy, thus placing his birth in around 1846. Crews was born to James Henry Crews and Marguerite Walker and had three sisters: Anne E., Phebe M. and Mary F. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrews was a sharecropper, one who farms land without owning it for a share of the yield. Sharecropping became popular in Halifax County, Virginia, after the abolition of slavery caused landowners to seek new forms of labor. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Walter Crews appears in Virginia's 1850 census under southern Halifax County as a four-year-old boy, thus placing his birth in around 1846. Crews was born to James Henry Crews and Marguerite Walker and had three sisters: Anne E., Phebe M. and Mary F. ","Crews was a sharecropper, one who farms land without owning it for a share of the yield. Sharecropping became popular in Halifax County, Virginia, after the abolition of slavery caused landowners to seek new forms of labor. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract, Ms2008-067, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract, Ms2008-067, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract occurred in August 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract occurred in August 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement between S. and R. Dodd and Samuel Crews for the year 1877. The contract outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, land in Halifax County, Virginia. In the document, Crews agrees to pay the Dodds one fourth of crops grown and to build a fence. Crops cultivated include tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats. This diversified list of crops represents the shift away from a tobacco monoculture that occurred between 1870 and 1880 in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement between S. and R. Dodd and Samuel Crews for the year 1877. The contract outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, land in Halifax County, Virginia. In the document, Crews agrees to pay the Dodds one fourth of crops grown and to build a fence. Crops cultivated include tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats. This diversified list of crops represents the shift away from a tobacco monoculture that occurred between 1870 and 1880 in Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bd580d3dfa2f91f798e057a5bdfc1eca\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement that outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, lands belonging to S. and R. Dodd in Halifax County, Virginia, for the year 1877.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement that outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, lands belonging to S. and R. Dodd in Halifax County, Virginia, for the year 1877."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:46.743Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2388.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Crews, Samuel, Sharecropper Contract","title_ssm":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"unitdate_ssm":["1876"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1876"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.067"],"text":["Ms.2008.067","Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract","Agriculture","Sharecropping -- United States -- Virginia","Legal instruments (Legal documents)","The collection is open for research.","Samuel Walter Crews appears in Virginia's 1850 census under southern Halifax County as a four-year-old boy, thus placing his birth in around 1846. Crews was born to James Henry Crews and Marguerite Walker and had three sisters: Anne E., Phebe M. and Mary F. ","Crews was a sharecropper, one who farms land without owning it for a share of the yield. Sharecropping became popular in Halifax County, Virginia, after the abolition of slavery caused landowners to seek new forms of labor. ","The guide to the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract occurred in August 2008.","The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement between S. and R. Dodd and Samuel Crews for the year 1877. The contract outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, land in Halifax County, Virginia. In the document, Crews agrees to pay the Dodds one fourth of crops grown and to build a fence. Crops cultivated include tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats. This diversified list of crops represents the shift away from a tobacco monoculture that occurred between 1870 and 1880 in Virginia.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement that outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, lands belonging to S. and R. Dodd in Halifax County, Virginia, for the year 1877.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.067"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"creator_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"creators_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract was purchased by Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Sharecropping -- United States -- Virginia","Legal instruments (Legal documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Sharecropping -- United States -- Virginia","Legal instruments (Legal documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Legal instruments (Legal documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1876],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Walter Crews appears in Virginia's 1850 census under southern Halifax County as a four-year-old boy, thus placing his birth in around 1846. Crews was born to James Henry Crews and Marguerite Walker and had three sisters: Anne E., Phebe M. and Mary F. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrews was a sharecropper, one who farms land without owning it for a share of the yield. Sharecropping became popular in Halifax County, Virginia, after the abolition of slavery caused landowners to seek new forms of labor. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Walter Crews appears in Virginia's 1850 census under southern Halifax County as a four-year-old boy, thus placing his birth in around 1846. Crews was born to James Henry Crews and Marguerite Walker and had three sisters: Anne E., Phebe M. and Mary F. ","Crews was a sharecropper, one who farms land without owning it for a share of the yield. Sharecropping became popular in Halifax County, Virginia, after the abolition of slavery caused landowners to seek new forms of labor. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract, Ms2008-067, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract, Ms2008-067, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract occurred in August 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract occurred in August 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement between S. and R. Dodd and Samuel Crews for the year 1877. The contract outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, land in Halifax County, Virginia. In the document, Crews agrees to pay the Dodds one fourth of crops grown and to build a fence. Crops cultivated include tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats. This diversified list of crops represents the shift away from a tobacco monoculture that occurred between 1870 and 1880 in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement between S. and R. Dodd and Samuel Crews for the year 1877. The contract outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, land in Halifax County, Virginia. In the document, Crews agrees to pay the Dodds one fourth of crops grown and to build a fence. Crops cultivated include tobacco, corn, wheat, and oats. This diversified list of crops represents the shift away from a tobacco monoculture that occurred between 1870 and 1880 in Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_bd580d3dfa2f91f798e057a5bdfc1eca\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement that outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, lands belonging to S. and R. Dodd in Halifax County, Virginia, for the year 1877.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Samuel Crews Sharecropper Contract is a manuscript agreement that outlines the terms in which Samuel Crews can farm, but not own, lands belonging to S. and R. Dodd in Halifax County, Virginia, for the year 1877."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Crews, Samuel, b. abt. 1846"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:15:46.743Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2388"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.093"],"text":["Ms.2024.093","Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024.","The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.093"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creators_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in November 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Links:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1850-1900.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWingfield, Marshall. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, a history,\u003c/title\u003e p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,\u003c/title\u003e p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Times Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3efe15902e23389631e2c75e28b5063a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:58.117Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4320.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bernard, Thomas Hill, Ledger","title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.093"],"text":["Ms.2024.093","Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger","Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024.","The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.093"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"creators_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in November 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slavery -- United States","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal Links:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnited States Federal Census, 1850-1900.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWingfield, Marshall. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, a history,\u003c/title\u003e p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSalmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFranklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,\u003c/title\u003e p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Times Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary], \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch\u003c/title\u003e (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\"\u003ehttps://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\"\u003ehttps://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548\u003c/a\u003e, accessed October 29, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The son of Zadock and Mary Bernard, Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905) was an enslaver, farmer, and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. He enslaved seven people, including children, according to the 1850 census, and five people in 1860, according to this collection. During the American Civil War, Bernard enlisted in the Confederate Army with the Virginia Volunteers in Company F of the 57th Infantry Regiment on April 19, 1862, and was discharged on May 20, 1862. He also served as the superintendent of Franklin County schools from 1870 to 1872 and as a judge for Franklin County Court from 1879 to 1883. ","Thomas Hill Bernard married Sarah Annie (Sallie) Eudaily or Endaily (1831-1917) in 1852 in Stokes County, North Carolina, and they had several children, including Walter, Arthur, Zadock, William T., James C., and Mary Bernard (1874-1952). ","External Links:","United States Federal Census, 1850-1900.","Wingfield, Marshall.  Franklin County, Virginia, a history,  p. 139. Berryville, Va.: Chesapeake Book Co., 1964.(Call number: F232.F7 W49 SCUA Large)","Salmon, John S., and Emily J. Salmon.  Franklin County, Virginia, 1786-1986 : A Bicentennial History,  p. 383. Franklin County, Va.: Franklin County Bicentennial Commission, 1993. (Call number: F232.F7 S25 1993 SCUA Large)","\"Thomas H Bernard\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6711029/thomas-h-bernard , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Ex-Judge Bernard\" [obituary],  The Times Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), April 2, 1905. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038615/1905-04-02/ed-1/seq-18/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Mrs. Sallie E. Bernard\" [obituary],  Richmond Times-Dispatch  (Richmond, Va.), March 29, 1917. Available online from Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers by the Library of Congress at  https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045389/1917-03-29/ed-1/seq-3/ , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Sarah Annie Bernard\" in the Virginia, U.S., Death Records, 1912-2014, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/554387:9278 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\", in the U.S., Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, 1861-1865, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/124460:1555 , accessed October 29, 2024.","\"Thomas H Bernard\" in the North Carolina, U.S., Marriage Records, 1741-2011, Ancestry.com,  https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/5573721:60548 , accessed October 29, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger, 1853-1881, Ms2024-093, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Thomas Hill Bernard Ledger was completed in September 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard, an enslaver and plantation owner from Franklin County, Virginia. It is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard. The ledger was published in 1852 as a \"Plantation and Farm Instruction, Regulation, Record, Inventory, and Account Book\" in Richmond, Virginia, by J.W. Randolph, a publisher, bookseller, and stationer. There are two advertisements at the beginning of the ledger. After that is a 17-page \"explanation\" that discusses how to run a plantation and how to keep the ledger properly. This also contains a portion about how to treat enslaved people. ","The majority of the book is lined pages with manual entries about farming and other activities starting in 1853 and ending in 1881 for the Big Meadows Plantation with Thomas H. Bernard as manager. Some of the entries were written by his children, including a draft letter to a cousin and information about preaching or attending church. Within the ledger is a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 by Judith Bernard.","On the first page of the manual entries, page 20, an inventory lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The first three were listed as farm laborers and [Banks?] as a blacksmith. Their ages ranged from 28 to 40 and their \"values\" from $200-$400. ","In another entry from 1861 on page 32, Bernard mentions the American Civil War. He wrote, \"The war has started and everyone thinks it won't last a month.\" On the same page is another entry about the war dated 1862, \"I have enlisted in the army of the Confederate States with the VA Volunteers.\" The next page skips to 1871. ","The ledger underwent conservation in 2019 and was rebound. The paper label on the front of the new cover misspells Bernard's last name as \"Brevard.\" The original cover is included in this collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3efe15902e23389631e2c75e28b5063a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the ledger dated 1853-1881 of Thomas Hill Bernard (1824-1905), an enslaver and manager of Big Meadows Plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. This ledger is also signed by his daughter Mary E. Bernard (1874-1952). The ledger lists the names, occupations, ages, and \"value\" of of five enslaved people: Terry, [Tom?], [Amistead?], James, and [Banks?] The majority of the ledger includes the farming activities of the farm and the daily activities of Bernard and his family, mostly from the 1870s. The ledger also contains a receipt of taxes owed to the Sheriff of Franklin County in 1853 for the plantation signed by Judith Bernard."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Bernard, Thomas Hill, 1824-1905"],"language_ssim":["The material in this collection is in English."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:58.117Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4320"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William H. Collier Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Collier, William H., 1822-1906","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2446.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collier, William H., Ledger","title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.027"],"text":["Ms.2009.027","William H. Collier Ledger","African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. ","The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.","This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William H. Collier Ledger was purchased by Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCollier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34a4021547bb49c955bb98e40503115b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"famname_ssim":["Moody family (Northampton County, NC)"],"persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:22.107Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2446","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2446.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collier, William H., Ledger","title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.027"],"text":["Ms.2009.027","William H. Collier Ledger","African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. ","The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.","This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody family (Northampton County, NC)","Collier, William H., 1822-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["William H. Collier Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Collier, William H., 1822-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William H. Collier Ledger was purchased by Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Agriculture","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWithin his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["William H. Collier, son of Joseph and Sarah C. Mangum Collier, was born in Northampton, North Carolina in 1822. He married Sarah Parham (1824-1857) in 1843. The couple had eight children, including Joseph H. (mentioned frequently within the ledger). Following the Sarah's death, Collier in 1860 married Elizabeth Rebecca Bonner Garner, by whom he fathered another seven children. William H. Collier died in 1906. ","Within his ledger, Collier provides the year of birth of a woman named Charity--likely an enslaved person--and the names and birth years of her children and grandchildren, including: Mary (1841), Lieuanna (1847), Henry (1849), Susan (1851), Julia (1853), Ben (1855), Sarah Ann (1857), twins Charles and Ned (1859), and George (1860). In later entries, Collier makes frequent mention of hiring and paying members of the Moody family. The 1870 census for Northampton County lists 45-year-old African American Charity Moody living with her husband, Burton and children Henry, 21; Sarah, 16; Ben, 17; and Charles and Edward, 12. No further record could be found on the Moody family. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William H. Collier Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William H. Collier Ledger, Ms2009-027, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the William H. Collier Ledger commenced and was completed in February 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCollier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a ledger maintained by William H. Collier, a farmer from Northampton County, North Carolina during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Collier's ledger lists in detail his expenses--for household goods as well as farm supplies and equipment--during a 30-year period. (Although the ledger contains data for the years 1857-1860, the years 1862-1864 are lacking, and more frequent entries commence with 1866.) Many of the entries, made regularly, relate to farm labor. Recorded for both long-term and day laborers are wages, work performed, provisions issued, and wages withheld. Appearing after the names of several workers are the initials \"FM\" and \"FW,\" likely describing individuals as freedmen and freedwomen. Members of the Moody family are mentioned frequently among the laborers, as are members of the Nolley, Woodruff, Jordan, and Hodges families. Collier often used child laborers, hired from their parents or other relatives. ","Collier also lists within the ledger the amount of cotton produced on his farm as well as the amount of corn produced and sent to mill. He makes special mention of the amount of his trade in late 1865, \"after the surrender of Lee's Army\" and \"sales of cotton soald this fall after the serender of the Southern Army.\" He details his trades and purchases with various merchants in North Carolina's Halifax and Northampton counties--as well as Petersburg, Virginia--for such items as clothing, medicine, foodstuffs, and farming supplies and equipment. Also within the ledger are notations regarding Collier's account as administrator of his father's will and copies of agreements for obtaining credit against future crops and for sharecropping on his land."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34a4021547bb49c955bb98e40503115b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. Collier of Northampton County, North Carolina.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a farm and household expense ledger of William H. 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