{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1918","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1918\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9789","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Anna Jean Snowden notebook, 1916/1918","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9789#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes a composition notebook with 34 leaves of lined paper (22 pages with handwritten text), a laid-in stapled gathering of 8 leaves (6 pages with text), and a Howard University Hour Examination sheet. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Anna Jean Snowden was born in Lexington, Kentucky. She attended Chandler Normal School, graduating around 1912, then earned a Bachelor of Science degree and teacher's diploma in education from Howard University in 1916. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Jean Snowden was born in Lexington, Kentucky. She attended Chandler Normal School, graduating around 1912, then earned a Bachelor of Science degree and teacher's diploma in education from Howard University in 1916. Snowden taught at Tuskgee Institute from 1917 to 1918, before moving to Richmond, Virginia to live with her sister Lillian. In the 1920s she taught at Georgia State College in Savannah and in later life taught at Wiberforce University. She died in July 1996.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anna Jean Snowden was born in Lexington, Kentucky. She attended Chandler Normal School, graduating around 1912, then earned a Bachelor of Science degree and teacher's diploma in education from Howard University in 1916. Snowden taught at Tuskgee Institute from 1917 to 1918, before moving to Richmond, Virginia to live with her sister Lillian. In the 1920s she taught at Georgia State College in Savannah and in later life taught at Wiberforce University. She died in July 1996."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Jean Snowden notebook, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes a composition notebook with 34 leaves of lined paper (22 pages with handwritten text), a laid-in stapled gathering of 8 leaves (6 pages with text), and a Howard University Hour Examination sheet. It was compiled by an African-American woman, Anna Jean Snowden, who attended Howard University and later taught at the Tuskegee Institute. The notebook contains her coursework at Howard and educational interests as well as her attendance at the Annual Negro Farmers' Conference at Tuskegee in 1917.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes a composition notebook with 34 leaves of lined paper (22 pages with handwritten text), a laid-in stapled gathering of 8 leaves (6 pages with text), and a Howard University Hour Examination sheet. It was compiled by an African-American woman, Anna Jean Snowden, who attended Howard University and later taught at the Tuskegee Institute. The notebook contains her coursework at Howard and educational interests as well as her attendance at the Annual Negro Farmers' Conference at Tuskegee in 1917."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9789","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9789","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9789","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9789","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9789.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Anna Jean Snowden notebook","title_ssm":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook"],"title_tesim":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1918"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1918"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916/1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook, 1916/1918"],"text":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook, 1916/1918","SC 01856","/repositories/2/resources/9789","Tuskegee (Ala.)","African American women--Education","African Americans--History","Lecture notes","Minority college students","Universities and colleges, Black","African Americans--Education","Education, Higher","Women educators","Diaries","Journals (accounts)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Anna Jean Snowden was born in Lexington, Kentucky. She attended Chandler Normal School, graduating around 1912, then earned a Bachelor of Science degree and teacher's diploma in education from Howard University in 1916. 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The notebook contains her coursework at Howard and educational interests as well as her attendance at the Annual Negro Farmers' Conference at Tuskegee in 1917.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook, 1916/1918"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook, 1916/1918"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01856","/repositories/2/resources/9789"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01856","/repositories/2/resources/9789"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Tuskegee (Ala.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Tuskegee (Ala.)"],"places_ssim":["Tuskegee (Ala.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with Nelle Richardson Tonkin Fund"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American women--Education","African Americans--History","Lecture notes","Minority college students","Universities and colleges, Black","African Americans--Education","Education, Higher","Women educators","Diaries","Journals (accounts)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American women--Education","African Americans--History","Lecture notes","Minority college students","Universities and colleges, Black","African Americans--Education","Education, Higher","Women educators","Diaries","Journals (accounts)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 legal-size folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 legal-size folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Journals (accounts)"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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She died in July 1996."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnna Jean Snowden notebook, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Anna Jean Snowden notebook, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes a composition notebook with 34 leaves of lined paper (22 pages with handwritten text), a laid-in stapled gathering of 8 leaves (6 pages with text), and a Howard University Hour Examination sheet. It was compiled by an African-American woman, Anna Jean Snowden, who attended Howard University and later taught at the Tuskegee Institute. The notebook contains her coursework at Howard and educational interests as well as her attendance at the Annual Negro Farmers' Conference at Tuskegee in 1917.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes a composition notebook with 34 leaves of lined paper (22 pages with handwritten text), a laid-in stapled gathering of 8 leaves (6 pages with text), and a Howard University Hour Examination sheet. It was compiled by an African-American woman, Anna Jean Snowden, who attended Howard University and later taught at the Tuskegee Institute. The notebook contains her coursework at Howard and educational interests as well as her attendance at the Annual Negro Farmers' Conference at Tuskegee in 1917."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:05:56.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9789"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, 1778/2005","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2502#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2502.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection","title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1778-2005"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1778-2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1778/2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, 1778/2005"],"text":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, 1778/2005","Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502","African Americans","African Americans in popular culture","African Americans in the performing arts","African Americans--Biography","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","African Americans--Education--Virginia","African Americans--History","African Americans--Suffrage","Antisemitism","Blaxploitation films -- United States","Chinese Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Chinese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc.--History","Communism--United States","Cuban Americans--Public opinion.","Indians of North America","Kwanzaa","Political cartoons","Race awareness--Simulation methods","Race discrimination--Simulation methods","Race relations--1960-1970","Race relations--United States--History--19th century","Race relations--United States--History--20th century","Role playing","Welfare recipients--Public opinion","Welfare--Caricatures and cartoons","World War, 1939-1945--United States","Advertising cards","Birthday cards","Board games (activities)","Board games (game sets)","Calendars","Card games (game sets)","Christmas cards","Collecting cards","Comic strips","Fliers (printed matter)","Greeting cards","Plays (document genre)","Postcards","Reprints","Satires (document genre)","Sheet music","Songbooks","Stereoscopic photographs","VHS (TM)","Yearbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Additions are being made to this collection on an ongoing basis.","The collection is divided into eight series by race and/or ethnicity. The series are African American, Native American, Asian American, Jewish American, Muslim American, Cuban American, Ku Klux Klan, and Immigration and Discrimination. The contents for each series are  grouped by material type and ordered chronologically.","Acc. 2011.633, Acc. 2011.635, Acc. 2011.637 accessioned and minimally processed by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in October 2011. Full finding aid created in March 2015 and revised in December 2017 by Special Collections staff.","Ingersol View Company Stereographs, Comic Series #2","Related materials, such as rare books, are recorded at the folder level.","See also: individual titles in the Manuscript Sheet Music Collection (Mss. 1.07), Box 48, and individual items in the Manuscript Artifact Collection.","For similar material relating to race, ethnicity, and racism outside of the United States, see the Ephemera Collection, Mss. 1.02.","The racial and ethnic ephemera collection contains various materials regarding race, ethnicity, and racism in the United States. The collection includes papers and items that promote racial prejudice and propaganda. The collection also contains items and papers that exemplify the fight for civil and equal rights. African Americans are the most broadly represented group in the collection. Other ethnic groups include Native Americans, Asian Americans, Jewish Americans, Muslim Americans, and Cuban Americans. Ku Klux Klan pamphlets and anti-immigration publications are also included. Through this collection, the American struggle of racism and prejudice is realized.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son.","English German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, 1778/2005"],"collection_ssim":["Racial and Ethnic Ephemera Collection, 1778/2005"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 1.05","/repositories/2/resources/2502"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","John H. Dockman and Son."],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2007.80 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2007.81 was purchased 8/30/2007. Acc. 2008.32 was purchased 5/1/2008. Acc. 2008.46 was purchased 5/16/2008.   Acc. 2008.64 was purchased 6/9/2008. Acc. 2008.94 was purchased 9/10/2008. Acc. 2008.95 was purchased 9/10/20008. Acc. 2008.159 was purchased 12/19/2008. Acc. 2009.063 was purchased on 2/24/2009. Acc. 2009.036 was purchased on 1/19/2009. Acc. 2009.147 was purchased on 4/6/2009. Acc. 2009.151 was purchased on 3/30/2009. Acc. 2009.180 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.181 was purchased on 4/29/2009. Acc. 2009.226 was purchased on 5/25/2009. Acc. 2009.235 was purchased on 5/31/2009. Acc. 2009.305 was purchased on 7/17/2009. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member. 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