{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":15,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [ ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1830.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230530","title_filing_ssi":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"text":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949","MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"collection_ssim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 10 July 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16923, African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1830.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/230530","title_filing_ssi":"African Americans in rural Virginia photographs","title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"title_tesim":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["C. 1940s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949"],"text":["African Americans in rural Virginia photographs, 1940/1949","MSS 16923","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1830","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American families","African American children","African Americans -- Virginia","photographs","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. 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The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026amp; [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGenealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains twenty black and white photographs, approximately 9 x 7 inches, depicting African American life, presumably in a segregated area in rural Virginia. The pictures have no annotations on the back, and the photographer is unknown. The location is also unclear; however, it may be somewhere near or in Fauquier County, Virginia. This location possibility is based on a photograph that depicts several storefronts, including a beauty salon which has two names painted on the window, Green \u0026 [  ] Beauty Salon. Juline Turner and Helen Blackwell, are presumably the proprietors of the salon.","Genealogy research uncovered a birth certificate for Juline Turner's daughter, Katie Ross, born in 1917. The birth certificate notes that Juline was twenty years old, indicating her birth year to be 1897, and that she was born in Fauquier County, Virginia.","The pictures depict a Black, rural neighborhood that includes pick-up trucks, overalls and work boots, humble dwellings, and vegetation. One photograph depicts a main street of the town, which includes telephone poles and a few businesses, including a small convenience store with signs of Coca Cola, Pepsi, Camel cigarettes, Model \"sporting tobacco\" (a brand native to Virginia), and other daily necessities.","Other photographs depict several Black people standing or seated with family members in front of wooden homes. There are photographs of children playing games, including a young boy with a holstered toy revolver on his hip, kids playing stickball, and standing on railroad tracks. The photographs also show men, women, and children performing household chores, including cleaning and hanging up the laundry to dry, making meals for the family, and one photograph shows a father in work clothes, dishing out a meal for himself and his three young children. Another photograph depicts an older man showing his cellar and a cistern. Many of the homes have elevated porches in many of the dwellings along the main street. Two photographs show a white man in a suit who strikes up a conversation with the residents of the town, including a mother on her front porch and a young man along the main street."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1830"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_997#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_997#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_997.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120877","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Albert Frederick, papers","title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934"],"text":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934","MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997","University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","good","The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.","The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.","Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Dr. Timothy D. Wilson on July 27, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOccasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_997","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_997.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120877","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson, Albert Frederick, papers","title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1840-1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934"],"text":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934","MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997","University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","good","The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.","This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.","Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.","The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.","Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934"],"collection_ssim":["Albert Frederick Wilson papers, 1840/1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS .16340","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/997"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library by Dr. Timothy D. Wilson on July 27, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia -- Alumni","University of Virginia -- Department of English","African Americans -- Virginia","University of Virginia -- Faculty","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3 legal document boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"genreform_ssim":["University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlbert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wilson family papers include various letters and information about family members from the years 1840 until approximately 1934. These family members include Albert Sherwood Wilson (1818-1894), his grandson Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940), Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) the wife of Albert Frederick Wilson, Mary A. Wilson the mother of Albert Frederick Wilson, as well as various other correspondents including Albert Frederick Wilson's sisters and children.","Albert Frederick studied at the University from 1902-1907. There he was very involved in extracurricular activities, including the Glee Club, a fraternity called Phi Sigma Kappa, as well as the \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" becoming the editor in chief in 1907.","Albert Frederick Wilson taught at the School of Journalism at New York University. There he met Ruth Danenhower (1887-1974) when she was a student in his class, and they were married in 1916. They had three children, Sherwood, Geoffrey, and Sloan."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains racist language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. For archival materials, more specific information about these materials may be available in the finding aid."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOccasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Occasionally there were empty envelopes present in the collection that we could not match with letters. Since they were not numerous, we have left them with the letters by the date stamped on the envelopes."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers chiefly consist of letters Albert Frederick Wilson (1883-1940) sent to his mother in New Jersey while a student at the University of Virginia. There is also some correspondence from Wilson's father and grandfather; family photographs; and unpublished manuscripts by Wilson.","Most of the letters are handwritten. But starting in 1906, typewritten letters become more frequent. The roles of African Americans at the University of Virginia are mentioned several times in his letters.","The rest of the papers include three published books written by Albert Frederick Wilson including 'Pok O' Moonshine', 'The Township Line', and 'Higher than the Wind can Blow', letters of correspondence between him and his wife, academic papers, testimonials about Albert Sherwood Wilson and his teaching positions, a copy of the April 1917 \"University of Virginia Magazine,\" a scrapbook filled with reviews on Albert Frederick Wilson's book 'Pok O' Moonshine', photographs of the family, as well as various other documents which explore the lives of the Wilson family."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Copies of publishedd material transferred to Rare Books include three books by Wilson, \"The Township Line\" (1919), \"Pok O' Moonshine\" (1927) and \"Higher Than the Wind Can Blow\" (1934)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:27.406Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_997"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bluestone Harmony Association","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1708.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202313","title_filing_ssi":"Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection","title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963"],"text":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963","MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools","Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage.","The collection is open for research use.","Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection","This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963).","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963"],"collection_ssim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from McBride Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 23 August 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage."],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFew black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eValentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963).","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1708","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1708.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202313","title_filing_ssi":"Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection","title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1963"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963"],"text":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963","MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708","Virginia -- History -- 20th century","African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools","Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage.","The collection is open for research use.","Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection","This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963).","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963"],"collection_ssim":["Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, 1910/1963"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16868","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1708"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from McBride Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 23 August 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American Baptists","African Americans -- Education","African Americans -- Virginia","African American schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. Some pamphlets are brittle, have detached covers, and have evidence of water damage."],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One half-width letter document box"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFew black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eValentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Few black Virginians received a formal education until public schools were widely established during Reconstruction.The Virginia Constitution of 1870 mandated a system of public education for the first time. Public schools in Virginia were segregated from the outset, apparently without much thought or debate, on the widely held assumption that such an arrangement would deter conflict. Of course, public schools were segregated in many other states, both North and South. Southern black schools, however, were often dependent on funding from unsympathetic state and local governments controlled by whites, resulting in education programs with fewer resources for both students and teachers. Despite social and economic challenges, African Americans pursued education with great fervor.","The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","Sources:\nVirginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 2/06/25\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/civil-rights-movement-virginia/beginnings-black-education","Valentine Richmond History Center, Cook Collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16868, Bluestone Baptist Association and Harmony Baptist Association pamphlet collection, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuccessful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one catalog for the Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School from 1935-1936, two Minutes of the annual session of the Harmony Baptist Sunday School Convention: 45th (1941), 46th (1942), and fourteen minutes of the annual session of the Bluestone Baptist Association: 39th (1910), 43rd (1914), 50th (1921), 51st (1922), 52nd (1923), 53rd (1924), 55th (1926), 58th (1929), 59th (1930), 67th (1938), 69th (1940), 73rd (1944), 75th (1946), 91st (1963).","The minutes note church officers, constitutions of the associations, committee actions, and general announcements. The Bluestone Baptist Association was established around 1871, and an area of focus was the education of Black children in Charlotte, Lunenburg, and other surrounding counties.","Successful in their creation of a school, the Harmony Association came into existence in 1877 for a similar goal. The two associations merged in 1900, and the Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School was established in Keysville, Virginia.","In addition to the minutes and catalog is a folder of research complied by the seller, including photocopied portions of \"Charlotte County, Virginia: Historical, Statistical, and Present Attractions,\" \"History of the American Negro,\" \"Historic Architectural Survey of Charlotte County, Virginia,\" and \"The Bluestone-Harmonic Academic and Industrial School.\" As well as printouts from the Bluestone Harmony Baptist Association and Ministries, Inc."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bluestone Harmony Association"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Bluestone Harmony Association","Bluestone-Harmony Academic and Industrial School","Bluestone Baptist Association"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1708"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Auger Down Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1640.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196323","title_filing_ssi":"First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans","title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 22, 1867"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 22, 1867"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867"],"text":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867","MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage","The collection is open for research use.","The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress.","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election.","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union.","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.","Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction","This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state.","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank.","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867"],"collection_ssim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Auger Down Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 27 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1867],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress.","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election.","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union.","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.","Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.","MSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state.","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank.","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1640","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1640.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196323","title_filing_ssi":"First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans","title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 22, 1867"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 22, 1867"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867"],"text":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867","MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage","The collection is open for research use.","The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress.","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election.","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union.","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.","Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction","This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state.","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank.","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867"],"collection_ssim":["First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, 1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16832","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1640"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_ssim":["Auger Down Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Auger Down Books by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 27 October 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Suffrage"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1867],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBlack men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaptain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, was an assembly of delegates elected by the voters to establish the fundamental law of Virginia following the American Civil War and the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Convention, which met from December 3, 1867 until April 17, 1868, set the stage for enfranchising freedmen, and Virginia's readmission to Congress.","Black men in Virginia voted for the first time in Virginia's first post Civil War election on October 1867, on whether to hold a convention to rewrite the state's constitution as required by Congress after the Civil War. They also voted for delegates to that convention and were eligible to serve as delegates themselves. Virginia's government was then under supervison of the United States Army, which oversaw the election.","Captain Toy and Edward K. Snead were elected as Republicans to represent Northampton and neighboring Accomac County at the Virginia Constitutional Convention.  The convention was necessary because Virginia's Constitution adopted in 1850 explicitly allowed slavery, and few Virginians considered the convention held during the Union occupation in the Civil War valid. Although certain provisions restricting civil rights of former Confederates were controversial and not adopted in 1869, the constitution drafted by Snead, Toy and their fellow delegates was ratified by Virginia voters and the Commonwealth was allowed to rejoin the Union.","After 1866, according to the Radical Reconstruction Acts of Congress, a rebelling state which had vacated its delegation in the U.S. Congress was required to constitutionally incorporate the 14th Amendment which guarantees that all persons born in the United States are citizens both of the United States and of their state. Concerned by multiple reports of Southern white officals and plantation owners abuse of Black freedman, Republicans in Congress took control of Reconstruction policies after the election of 1866. The Radical Congressional Reconstruction legislation required the suffrage for Black men.","Radical Republicans included most ex-enslaved freedmen, and organized to advocate full political and social equality for Blacks, but also wanted to exclude ex-Confederates from political participation either in government or at the ballot box. Moderate Unionists (including many pre-war Whigs), sought political equality for Blacks, but believed that ex-Confederates had to be included in the political community because of the terms of surrender as well as majority among the white population. Conservatives wanted to ensure white control of the state. Allowed to vote, African Americans elected about 100 black representatives to the Virginia General Assembly between 1869 and 1890. Most were members of Abraham Lincoln's Republican Party, which had championed the end of enslavery.\n \nJames Toy was a 1st lieutenant of the 2nd Regiment Cavalry in the United States Colored Troops at Fort Monroe in Virginia,in company H and later rising to the rank of captain and leading Company D.","Sources:\n\"Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868","\"James C. Toy\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_C._Toy","\"Edward K. Snead\" Wikipedia. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_K._Snead","\"1861-1876 Reconstruction\" Virginia Museum of History and Culture. Accessed 4/4/24\nhttps://virginiahistory.org/learn/story-of-virginia/chapter/reconstruction"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eMSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16832, Voting Certificate for the First District of Accomack County, Va., including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.","MSS 16832, First District of Accomack County (VA) voting certificate including African Americans, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eand that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a certificate of a local Virginia election in the first district of Accomack County on October 22, 1867, preliminary voting for delegates for the upcoming Constitutional Convention, marking the first time African-Americans voted in the state.","The October 22 election took place under Army supervision. Written entirely in manuscript ink on a sheet of lined paper folded to 4 unnumbered pages.  Pages [2]-[4] are blank.","The document certifies that: \"Two hundred and thirty two (232) qualified white Electors, and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward P. Pitts as a delegate to the convention.","Two hundred and thirty one (231) qualified white Electors and four (4) qualified Colored Electors voted for John R. Read as a delegate to the convention.","and that qualified white Electors and three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for Edward K. Snead as a delegate to the convention and [blank] white Electors","Three hundred and twenty (320) qualified Colored Electors voted for James C. Toy as a delegate to the convention.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Auger Down Books","Accomack County (Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:38.700Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1640"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Hampton Institute student photograph album","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard. She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade. The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1042.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/122441","title_filing_ssi":"Hampton Institute student photograph album","title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"text":["Hampton Institute student photograph album","MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042","African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums","Good","The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility","This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"collection_ssim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia  on June 28, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["album"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1042","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1042.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/122441","title_filing_ssi":"Hampton Institute student photograph album","title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"text":["Hampton Institute student photograph album","MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042","African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums","Good","The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility","This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"collection_ssim":["Hampton Institute student photograph album"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16525","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1042"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Max Rambod by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia  on June 28, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Education","African American families","African Americans -- Virginia","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["album"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The identity of the student who owned the Hampton Institute photograph album is not known. The history of the Hampton Institute reflects decades of a movement towards more inclusiveness and diversity. The institute originally evolved from a camp near Fort Monroe, Virginia where African Americans were arriving in 1861 during the American Civil War to find freedom from being enslaved in the South. Mary Peake was a free African American woman who held the first class of about twenty students under a simple oak tree. \"Today the tree still stands on the campus of the Hampton Institute as a lasting symbol of the promise of education for all, even in the face of adversity.\"","Several Union Army Generals (General Benjamin Butler and Brigadier General Samuel Armstrong) founded and improved the school, naming it the Butler School. It was associated with the Freedmen's Bureau of the Ninth District of Virginia (Little Scotland which was adjacent to the school), the Whittier School and the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. \"During the night of April 18, 1878, a group of Native Americans arrived in Hampton from Fort Sill, where they had been imprisoned at the close of the Red River War. Several buildings were constructed during this twenty-year span, including Whipple Barn, and Wigwam Dormitory. In 1868, Booker T. Washington was a student at the school.","In 1930, it became the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute. 1n 1940 the Institute hired more diverse faculty to fill the roles of high-ranking administrative positions. In 1949, Dr. Dr. Alonzo Graseano Moron became the first African American president. In the 1960's Civil Rights Movement, noted civil rights leaders, including Dr. Martin Luther King, visited the Hampton campus. In 1957 Rosa Parks moved to the Hampton area where she worked on campus as a hostess at The Holly Tree Inn. On February 11, 1960, a group of Hampton Institute students were the first in Virginia to stage a lunch counter sit-in, to protest local business' refusal to serve blacks and whites equally.","\"In 1984, after a nine-month study of Hampton Institute's rapid growth and development in quality of students, faculty and academic offerings, the recommendation was made to change the name to Hampton University.\"Today, over 150 years after its inception, Hampton University continues to break new ground in academic achievement, staying true to General Armstrong's original promise of The Standard of Excellence, An Education for Life.\"","Source: Based on the Hampton University website: https://www.hamptonu.edu/about/history.cfm\nRetrieved 9/17/21 Equal Opportunity Accessibility"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16525, Hampton Institute photograph album, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a photograph album of a student from Hampton Institute. The original photo album, measuring 7' x 10' with 24 pages, contains 44 black and white photographs of an unidentified young Black woman, approximately 20 years old, as well as cut newspaper images and a photo postcard.  She is seen at Hampton Institute, a historically Black University, in Hampton, Virginia, posing in front of school buildings, clowning around with friends, and preparing for graduation. Also included are scenic photographs of places she visited such as a dam, a church, and a parade.  The last few pages contain family photographs; a couple photographs show her with an elderly woman. Some of the baby photographs are inscribed \"To Grandma\" and \"To Grand Dad\" and another is labeled \"Me\". The identification of the Hampton Institute as the locale comes from a real photo postcard with the title \"The Hampton Institute Creative Dance Group\" and a newspaper cutout of the Hampton Institute Choir along with the news caption, \"They Keep Spiritual Values High at Hampton.\" It is possible that this album was kept by the grandparent of the young women."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Hampton Institute"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1042"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo, 1895/1907","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1921#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1921#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an albumen photograph cabinet card of William Custalo (1840-1907), a successful Richmond-area businessman and proprietor of the Custalo House bar and restaurant. Custalo is captured in a suit with a watch chain, seated with his hand resting on a wicker chair. The portrait features the imprint of the Jefferson Fine Art Gallery, Richmond, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1921#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1921.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241712","title_filing_ssi":"Farley, James Conway photograph of William Custalo","title_ssm":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo"],"title_tesim":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1895-1907"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1895-1907"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/1907"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo, 1895/1907"],"text":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo, 1895/1907","MSS 16964","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1921","African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","African Americans -- Photographs","cabinet photographs","This collection is open for research.","include MSS 14793 Virginia Photography Studios Collections, and ViU-2026-0053 James Conway Farley collection of cabinet card photographs.","This collection contains an albumen photograph cabinet card of William Custalo (1840-1907), a successful Richmond-area businessman and proprietor of the Custalo House bar and restaurant. Custalo is captured in a suit with a watch chain, seated with his hand resting on a wicker chair. The portrait features the imprint of the Jefferson Fine Art Gallery, Richmond, Virginia.","The photograph was taken by James Conway Farley (1854-1912), one of the earliest successful Black photographers in the United States. Born to enslaved parents in Prince Edward County, Virginia in 1854, Farley moved to Richmond and entered the photography trade, eventually opening his own studio, the Jefferson Fine Art Gallery, in 1895. Beforehand, Farley spent twenty years working for the G.W. Davis Photography Gallery. The Jefferson Fine Art Gallery studio served a racially mixed clientele base. Farley's Richmond studio had closed by 1907, dating the photograph of William Custalo from circa 1895 to 1907. 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Farley is last recorded as a photographer in Jersey City, New Jersey on the 1910 census. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an albumen photograph cabinet card of William Custalo (1840-1907), a successful Richmond-area businessman and proprietor of the Custalo House bar and restaurant. Custalo is captured in a suit with a watch chain, seated with his hand resting on a wicker chair. The portrait features the imprint of the Jefferson Fine Art Gallery, Richmond, Virginia.","The photograph was taken by James Conway Farley (1854-1912), one of the earliest successful Black photographers in the United States. Born to enslaved parents in Prince Edward County, Virginia in 1854, Farley moved to Richmond and entered the photography trade, eventually opening his own studio, the Jefferson Fine Art Gallery, in 1895. Beforehand, Farley spent twenty years working for the G.W. Davis Photography Gallery. The Jefferson Fine Art Gallery studio served a racially mixed clientele base. Farley's Richmond studio had closed by 1907, dating the photograph of William Custalo from circa 1895 to 1907. Farley is last recorded as a photographer in Jersey City, New Jersey on the 1910 census."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Jefferson Fine Art Gallery (Richmond, Virginia)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod","Jefferson Fine Art Gallery (Richmond, Virginia)","Custalo, William, 1840-1907"],"persname_ssim":["Farley, James Conway, 1854-1912","Custalo, William, 1840-1907"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Jefferson Fine Art Gallery (Richmond, Virginia)","Farley, James Conway, 1854-1912","Custalo, William, 1840-1907"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1921","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1921.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241712","title_filing_ssi":"Farley, James Conway photograph of William Custalo","title_ssm":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo"],"title_tesim":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1895-1907"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1895-1907"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1895/1907"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo, 1895/1907"],"text":["James Conway Farley photograph of William Custalo, 1895/1907","MSS 16964","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1921","African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","African Americans -- Photographs","cabinet photographs","This collection is open for research.","include MSS 14793 Virginia Photography Studios Collections, and ViU-2026-0053 James Conway Farley collection of cabinet card photographs.","This collection contains an albumen photograph cabinet card of William Custalo (1840-1907), a successful Richmond-area businessman and proprietor of the Custalo House bar and restaurant. 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He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1225#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1225.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133610","title_filing_ssi":"Wayland, John Walter collection on Henry Martin","title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1965"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965"],"text":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965","MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225","University of Virginia -- History","African Americans -- Virginia","Fair.","The collection is open for research use.","There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.","John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965"],"collection_ssim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Elizabeth Wayland Seaver to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on May 31, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair."],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"physfacet_tesim":["letter, photographs, notes, newspaper clippings, magazine"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"names_coll_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1225","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1225.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133610","title_filing_ssi":"Wayland, John Walter collection on Henry Martin","title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-1965"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1965"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/1965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965"],"text":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965","MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225","University of Virginia -- History","African Americans -- Virginia","Fair.","The collection is open for research use.","There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.","John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965"],"collection_ssim":["John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, 1909/1965"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16677","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1225"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["University of Virginia -- History"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Elizabeth Wayland Seaver to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on May 31, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair."],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet half width letter size box"],"physfacet_tesim":["letter, photographs, notes, newspaper clippings, magazine"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16677, John Walter Wayland collection on Henry Martin, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["There are related collections to John Walter Wayland but not to Henry Martin. They are MSS 2386-a, MSS 1529, and MSS 4299."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["John Walter Wayland collection of correspondence,notes,photographs, and newspaper clippings about Henry Martin who was the bell ringer for the University of Virginia from 1868-1909.  \"Henry Martin rang the bell at dawn to awaken the students, and rang it during the day to mark the hours and the beginning and ending of class periods. He was beloved by generations of faculty, students, and alumni, and he remembered them all when they returned for visits.\" Dr. Wayland, a former University of Virginia Ph.D. student (1907), history professor, and author from Harrisonburg, Virginia was planning to write a paper about Martin who was born enslaved by Monticello, and the Carr family estate. During the American Civil War, he tended the wounded at the military hospital in Charlottesville. In 1866 he was hired by the University to haul coal. He worked at UVA for more than four decades, becoming a well-known figure there but one who was treated in the context of the Lost Cause archetype of the faithful servant. He died in 1915.","Source:\nBromley, Anne E.\"Plaque Honors Henry Martin Who Rang the University's Bell for 50 Years\" UVA Today. October 5, 2012","https://news.virginia.edu/content/plaque-honors-henry-martin-who-rang-university-s-bell-50-years","\"Henry Martin\" Summary. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities. Accessed 3/31/22","https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/martin-henry-1826-1915/"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"names_coll_ssim":["Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Martin, Henry, 1826-1915"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1225"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, 1839","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1935#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Roberts, Joseph J. (Joseph Jenkins), 1809-1876","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1935#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Joseph J. Roberts, an African-American merchant who emigrated to Liberia and later became its first president, to Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia abolitionist. The letter gives early news from Morovia nearly a decade before the independent Republic of Liberia was formally established. It details his travel, news of the growing colony, issues with funding from America, and an interest in the New School Abolitionists. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1935#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1935.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/242143","title_filing_ssi":"Roberts, Joseph Jenkins letter to Benjamin Coates","title_ssm":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates"],"unitdate_ssm":["November 7, 1839"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["November 7, 1839"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, 1839"],"text":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, 1839","MSS 16969","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1935","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains a letter from Joseph J. Roberts, an African-American merchant who emigrated to Liberia and later became its first president, to Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia abolitionist. The letter gives early news from Morovia nearly a decade before the independent Republic of Liberia was formally established. It details his travel, news of the growing colony, issues with funding from America, and an interest in the New School Abolitionists.","Free-born in Norfolk, Virginia, Joseph Jenkins Roberts was the son of a Welsh planter and a woman of color. After his father's death in 1829, he emigrated to the colony of Liberia. Liberia was established by the American Colonization Society (ACS), an American organization dedicated to transporting formerly enslaved and freeborn Black people to Africa.","Roberts and his younger brothers became successful merchants. In 1833, he became a High Sheriff, and then in 1839, Roberts became lieutenant governor under Thomas Buchanan, who is mentioned in the letter. Roberts served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1841 until 1847, and in 1848, he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Roberts served as president twice, from 1848 to 1856 and again from 1872 to 1876.","Under his leadership, in response to trade conflicts with British merchants and the lack of support from the American government, Roberts and the American Colonization Society (ACS) began working for Liberian independence. Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia wool merchant and Quaker, was both an abolitionist and heavily involved with the ACS.  Roberts and Coates worked closely together to encourage Liberian emigration as the best strategy to end slavery in the United States. Also included is the vendor's transcription of the letter.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Liberia","Roberts, Joseph J. 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(Joseph Jenkins), 1809-1876","Coates, Benjamin","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Liberia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from  Maggs Bros Ltd., to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 7 May 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal folder"],"date_range_isim":[1839],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16969,Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16969,Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Joseph J. Roberts, an African-American merchant who emigrated to Liberia and later became its first president, to Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia abolitionist. The letter gives early news from Morovia nearly a decade before the independent Republic of Liberia was formally established. It details his travel, news of the growing colony, issues with funding from America, and an interest in the New School Abolitionists.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree-born in Norfolk, Virginia, Joseph Jenkins Roberts was the son of a Welsh planter and a woman of color. After his father's death in 1829, he emigrated to the colony of Liberia. Liberia was established by the American Colonization Society (ACS), an American organization dedicated to transporting formerly enslaved and freeborn Black people to Africa. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoberts and his younger brothers became successful merchants. In 1833, he became a High Sheriff, and then in 1839, Roberts became lieutenant governor under Thomas Buchanan, who is mentioned in the letter. Roberts served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1841 until 1847, and in 1848, he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Roberts served as president twice, from 1848 to 1856 and again from 1872 to 1876. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder his leadership, in response to trade conflicts with British merchants and the lack of support from the American government, Roberts and the American Colonization Society (ACS) began working for Liberian independence. Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia wool merchant and Quaker, was both an abolitionist and heavily involved with the ACS.  Roberts and Coates worked closely together to encourage Liberian emigration as the best strategy to end slavery in the United States. Also included is the vendor's transcription of the letter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Joseph J. Roberts, an African-American merchant who emigrated to Liberia and later became its first president, to Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia abolitionist. The letter gives early news from Morovia nearly a decade before the independent Republic of Liberia was formally established. It details his travel, news of the growing colony, issues with funding from America, and an interest in the New School Abolitionists.","Free-born in Norfolk, Virginia, Joseph Jenkins Roberts was the son of a Welsh planter and a woman of color. After his father's death in 1829, he emigrated to the colony of Liberia. Liberia was established by the American Colonization Society (ACS), an American organization dedicated to transporting formerly enslaved and freeborn Black people to Africa.","Roberts and his younger brothers became successful merchants. In 1833, he became a High Sheriff, and then in 1839, Roberts became lieutenant governor under Thomas Buchanan, who is mentioned in the letter. Roberts served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1841 until 1847, and in 1848, he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Roberts served as president twice, from 1848 to 1856 and again from 1872 to 1876.","Under his leadership, in response to trade conflicts with British merchants and the lack of support from the American government, Roberts and the American Colonization Society (ACS) began working for Liberian independence. Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia wool merchant and Quaker, was both an abolitionist and heavily involved with the ACS.  Roberts and Coates worked closely together to encourage Liberian emigration as the best strategy to end slavery in the United States. Also included is the vendor's transcription of the letter."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Liberia"],"names_coll_ssim":["Liberia","Coates, Benjamin"],"persname_ssim":["Roberts, Joseph J. (Joseph Jenkins), 1809-1876","Coates, Benjamin"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Liberia","Roberts, Joseph J. (Joseph Jenkins), 1809-1876","Coates, Benjamin"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1935","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1935.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/242143","title_filing_ssi":"Roberts, Joseph Jenkins letter to Benjamin Coates","title_ssm":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates"],"title_tesim":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates"],"unitdate_ssm":["November 7, 1839"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["November 7, 1839"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, 1839"],"text":["Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, 1839","MSS 16969","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1935","African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa","This collection is open for research.","This collection contains a letter from Joseph J. 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Roberts served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1841 until 1847, and in 1848, he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Roberts served as president twice, from 1848 to 1856 and again from 1872 to 1876.","Under his leadership, in response to trade conflicts with British merchants and the lack of support from the American government, Roberts and the American Colonization Society (ACS) began working for Liberian independence. Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia wool merchant and Quaker, was both an abolitionist and heavily involved with the ACS.  Roberts and Coates worked closely together to encourage Liberian emigration as the best strategy to end slavery in the United States. Also included is the vendor's transcription of the letter.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Liberia","Roberts, Joseph J. 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(Joseph Jenkins), 1809-1876","Coates, Benjamin","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Liberia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from  Maggs Bros Ltd., to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 7 May 2026."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African Americans -- Colonization -- Africa"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal folder"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 legal folder"],"date_range_isim":[1839],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16969,Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16969,Joseph Jenkins Roberts letter to Benjamin Coates, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Joseph J. Roberts, an African-American merchant who emigrated to Liberia and later became its first president, to Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia abolitionist. The letter gives early news from Morovia nearly a decade before the independent Republic of Liberia was formally established. It details his travel, news of the growing colony, issues with funding from America, and an interest in the New School Abolitionists.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree-born in Norfolk, Virginia, Joseph Jenkins Roberts was the son of a Welsh planter and a woman of color. After his father's death in 1829, he emigrated to the colony of Liberia. Liberia was established by the American Colonization Society (ACS), an American organization dedicated to transporting formerly enslaved and freeborn Black people to Africa. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoberts and his younger brothers became successful merchants. In 1833, he became a High Sheriff, and then in 1839, Roberts became lieutenant governor under Thomas Buchanan, who is mentioned in the letter. Roberts served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1841 until 1847, and in 1848, he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Roberts served as president twice, from 1848 to 1856 and again from 1872 to 1876. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder his leadership, in response to trade conflicts with British merchants and the lack of support from the American government, Roberts and the American Colonization Society (ACS) began working for Liberian independence. Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia wool merchant and Quaker, was both an abolitionist and heavily involved with the ACS.  Roberts and Coates worked closely together to encourage Liberian emigration as the best strategy to end slavery in the United States. 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Liberia was established by the American Colonization Society (ACS), an American organization dedicated to transporting formerly enslaved and freeborn Black people to Africa.","Roberts and his younger brothers became successful merchants. In 1833, he became a High Sheriff, and then in 1839, Roberts became lieutenant governor under Thomas Buchanan, who is mentioned in the letter. Roberts served as the first black governor of the colony of Liberia from 1841 until 1847, and in 1848, he was elected the first president of the new Republic of Liberia. Roberts served as president twice, from 1848 to 1856 and again from 1872 to 1876.","Under his leadership, in response to trade conflicts with British merchants and the lack of support from the American government, Roberts and the American Colonization Society (ACS) began working for Liberian independence. Benjamin Coates, a Philadelphia wool merchant and Quaker, was both an abolitionist and heavily involved with the ACS.  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(Joseph Jenkins), 1809-1876","Coates, Benjamin"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1935"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1841.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/239514","title_filing_ssi":"McGinness, Melvin, tailor shop ledger","title_ssm":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"title_tesim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969"],"text":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969","MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)","This collection is open for research.","McGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. He relocated to Charlottesville and began to operate McGinness Tailor Shop at 273 West Main Street. This location was eventually demolished in early 1964 during the Urban Renewal razing of the Vinegar Hill neighborhood of Charlottesville. McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood.","Rebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633","This collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill.","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969"],"collection_ssim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Franklin Gilliam Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 5 November 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized box, half-width"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized box, half-width"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMcGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. He relocated to Charlottesville and began to operate McGinness Tailor Shop at 273 West Main Street. This location was eventually demolished in early 1964 during the Urban Renewal razing of the Vinegar Hill neighborhood of Charlottesville. McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["McGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. He relocated to Charlottesville and began to operate McGinness Tailor Shop at 273 West Main Street. This location was eventually demolished in early 1964 during the Urban Renewal razing of the Vinegar Hill neighborhood of Charlottesville. McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16929, Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16929, Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Rebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026amp; Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill.","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1841","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1841.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/239514","title_filing_ssi":"McGinness, Melvin, tailor shop ledger","title_ssm":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"title_tesim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1939-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969"],"text":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969","MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)","This collection is open for research.","McGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. He relocated to Charlottesville and began to operate McGinness Tailor Shop at 273 West Main Street. This location was eventually demolished in early 1964 during the Urban Renewal razing of the Vinegar Hill neighborhood of Charlottesville. McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood.","Rebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633","This collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill.","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969"],"collection_ssim":["Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, 1939/1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16929","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1841"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Franklin Gilliam Rare Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 5 November 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia","African American business enterprises","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized box, half-width"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized box, half-width"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMcGinness graduated from Hampton College in 1914 and served in the First World War before marrying his wife, Charlottesville school teacher and principal Rebecca McGuinness in 1923. 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McGinness moved his tailor shop to 151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16929, Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16929, Melvin McGinness tailor shop ledger, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Rebecca Fuller McGinness papers MSS 12633"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026amp; Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries.  \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one ledger book kept by Melvin McGinness (1896-1970) for his tailor shop on 273 West Main Street in Vinegar Hill, Charlottesville, Virginia. Dates in the ledger indicate that the book was kept between 1964 and 1968, evidenced by two dated \"Look-Rite Cleaners\" receipts and a handwritten date by McGinness at the top margin of page 27. Earlier material is tipped in at the front and back endpages. This ledger records work completed by McGinness at this second tailor shop location,151 Brown Street in the Starr Hill neighborhood, as evidenced by receipts throughout the book dated after the razing of Vinegar Hill.","Entries in the ledger include the account holder's name, their clothing size, the work they have commissioned, and the price of the work. Checkmarks indicate the closing of a transaction after the customer has paid. Laid in material throughout the ledger includes a Singer Sewing Machine Exchange advertisement, an advertisement pamphlet for incense oils, and a 1966 receipt for automobile work at Knauf's Auto Service Co. On West Main Street, a November 1939 program for the cornerstone laying ceremony of Trinity P.E. Church, handwritten notes from June 1969 about sending delegates to an unspecified state meeting, a ruler advertising Atlanta Thread \u0026 Supply Co., a Look-Rite Cleaners receipt from June 1969, a May 1964 Trinity Church program, a Virginia National Bank envelope, a Medicare Insurance Card informational sheet, an August 1968 Trinity Church program portion, several blank sealed envelopes, a Remington Shaver box, and a sheet cardstock with written ledger entries."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","McGinness, Melvin, 1896-1970"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:58.310Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1841"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1920","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Papers of the Massie Family of Virginia, 1850/1905","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1920#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Massie family papers contain letters, 1858-1859, from E.B. Massie at the Brookland School, Greenwood Depot, Albemarle County, Va., to his mother, Mrs. E. F. Massie. He requests items; and mentions examinations, the acceptance of Christianity by boys at the school, a visit by Launcelot Blackford, and his election as president of the Piedmont Literary Society; and sends news of classmates and principal William Dinwiddie.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1920#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1920","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1920","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1920","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1920","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1920.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/241646","title_filing_ssi":"Massie Family, Papers","title_ssm":["Papers of the Massie Family of Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Massie Family of Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1905"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1905"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1905"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Massie Family of Virginia, 1850/1905"],"text":["Papers of the Massie Family of Virginia, 1850/1905","MSS 11485","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1920","Brookland School (Greenwood Depot, VA.)","Religious awakening--Christianity","Religious awakening -- Christianity -- United States -- History -- 19th century","Albemarle County (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Louisiana -- New Orleans","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","Waynesboro (Va.) -- History","Massey family","Piedmont Literary Society","University of Virginia--Students","Western State Hospital (Va.)","African Americans -- Virginia","Scarlatina","Private schools--Virginia","Scarlatina -- Virginia -- Charlottesville","Teenagers -- Religious life -- Personal narratives","Tomatoes -- Preservation -- History -- 19th century","Canning and preserving--History--19th century","The collection is open for research use.","The Massie Family was a Virginia family. The family was established in Nelson County, Virginia by Revolutionary War officer, plantation owner, and enslaver Thomas Massie (1747-1834).","The Massie family papers contain letters, 1858-1859, from E.B. Massie at the Brookland School, Greenwood Depot, Albemarle County, Va., to his mother, Mrs. E. F. Massie. He requests items; and mentions examinations, the acceptance of Christianity by boys at the school, a visit by Launcelot Blackford, and his election as president of the Piedmont Literary Society; and sends news of classmates and principal William Dinwiddie.","John Livingston Massie, a student at the University of Virginia, writes to Mrs. E. F. Massie about exams, the marriage of John Barbee Minor and the death of C.C. Lewis from typhoid fever. With these is a grade report signed by Socrates Maupin.","The papers also contain a letter, 1859, from Charles M. Massie describing attempts to establish a business in New Orleans; and a letter, September 9, 1862, N.H. Massie to his sister on the death of her husband at Manassas, and several cases of scarlet fever among white and colored children in Charlottesville, Va.","A letter, 1857, from the Western Lunatic Asylum in Waynesboro, reports on the imminent death of a patient.","Other letters convey family news; explain how to can tomatoes; and discuss religion and salvation. A 1905 form letter from Fishburne and Son, Waynesboro, describes varieties of seed for sale.","Materials in this collection, which were created between 1850-1905, are in the public domain. 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