{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026page=3"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":27,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9772","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Abraham Family photographs, 2022/2023","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9772#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Abraham, Dana (Dana Abraham)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9772#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA collection of 27 8x10 silver gelatin prints that includes photographs of Dana Abraham's family. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","53 cabinet cards depicting African Americans from the 1880s-1890s. Photography studios' information is printed on the cards, but personal information concerning those photographed is not included.","One cabinet card was taken by a C. E. 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Danner, St. Paul, Minnesota","A. H. Fell, Fort Ann, New York","C. P. Hormig, Frankfort, Indiana","D. L. Cook, Fort Scott, Kansas","C. H. Webster, South Haven, Michigan","C. M. Bowman and Company, Omaha, Nebraska","Goerge F. Riel, Chicago, Illinois","Mulligan Brothers, Columbus, Ohio","M. Oteship, Newark, New Jersey","W. T. Caldwell, Alliance, Nebraska","The J.A. Pfeifer Company, Columbus, Ohio","Johnson S. Souder, Selma, Alabama","Hunt, Mayfieldm Kentucky","Lawrence Mettner, Kansas","Dillon, Cincinnati, Ohio","M. Koogle and J. H. King, Bellefontaine, Ohio","McLeod, Atchison, Kansas","Levi Gold, Cincinnati, Ohio","Jackson, Waco, Texas","J. R. Pearson, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania","Crocker, Corning, New York","Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","J.J. Millikin, Bellefontaine, Ohio","Includes cabinet card of Booker T. Washington.","Three cabinet cards are of the medicine show duo \"Pete and Lize,\" photographed by E. R. Rose, Oswego, Kansas. Geo Hamtpon performed as Pete, and Eddie B. 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Stules, January 14, 1896. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree cabinet cards are of the medicine show duo \"Pete and Lize,\" photographed by E. R. Rose, Oswego, Kansas. Geo Hamtpon performed as Pete, and Eddie B. Love, a female impersonator, performed as Lize. The duo toured throughout Kansas in 1890s.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a cabinet card to Booker T. Washington taken by Russell and Sons, Windsor, England, reprinted by P .S. Rogers, New York, New York. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther photography studios in the collection include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Bewsaw's, Bellefontaine, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Edward's, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e M. Goulart, New Bedford\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fowler and Pruden, Eclipse Studio, Jamestown, New York\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Russell, Baltimore, Maryland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Heyn, Omaha, Nebraska\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e E. W. Fortune, Los Angeles, California\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e W. A. Biddle, Richwood, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. Jessen and Company, Providence, Rhode Island\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Weyrich's Studio, Hillsboro, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. M. Huddleston, New Castle, Indiana\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e J. H. Danner, St. Paul, Minnesota\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A. H. Fell, Fort Ann, New York\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. P. Hormig, Frankfort, Indiana\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e D. L. Cook, Fort Scott, Kansas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. H. Webster, South Haven, Michigan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. M. Bowman and Company, Omaha, Nebraska\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Goerge F. Riel, Chicago, Illinois\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mulligan Brothers, Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e M. Oteship, Newark, New Jersey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e W. T. Caldwell, Alliance, Nebraska\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The J.A. 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Rogers, New York, New York.","Other photography studios in the collection include:","Bewsaw's, Bellefontaine, Ohio","Edward's, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania","M. Goulart, New Bedford","Fowler and Pruden, Eclipse Studio, Jamestown, New York","Russell, Baltimore, Maryland","Heyn, Omaha, Nebraska","E. W. Fortune, Los Angeles, California","W. A. Biddle, Richwood, Ohio","C. Jessen and Company, Providence, Rhode Island","Weyrich's Studio, Hillsboro, Ohio","C. M. Huddleston, New Castle, Indiana","J. H. Danner, St. Paul, Minnesota","A. H. Fell, Fort Ann, New York","C. P. Hormig, Frankfort, Indiana","D. L. Cook, Fort Scott, Kansas","C. H. Webster, South Haven, Michigan","C. M. Bowman and Company, Omaha, Nebraska","Goerge F. Riel, Chicago, Illinois","Mulligan Brothers, Columbus, Ohio","M. Oteship, Newark, New Jersey","W. T. Caldwell, Alliance, Nebraska","The J.A. Pfeifer Company, Columbus, Ohio","Johnson S. Souder, Selma, Alabama","Hunt, Mayfieldm Kentucky","Lawrence Mettner, Kansas","Dillon, Cincinnati, Ohio","M. Koogle and J. H. King, Bellefontaine, Ohio","McLeod, Atchison, Kansas","Levi Gold, Cincinnati, Ohio","Jackson, Waco, Texas","J. R. Pearson, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania","Crocker, Corning, New York","Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","J.J. Millikin, Bellefontaine, Ohio","Includes cabinet card of Booker T. Washington.","Three cabinet cards are of the medicine show duo \"Pete and Lize,\" photographed by E. R. Rose, Oswego, Kansas. Geo Hamtpon performed as Pete, and Eddie B. Love, a female impersonator, performed as Lize. The duo toured throughout Kansas in 1890s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_13","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_13","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_13","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_13","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_13.xml","title_filing_ssi":"African American Cabinet Cards","title_ssm":["African American Cabinet Cards"],"title_tesim":["African American Cabinet Cards"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1880s-1890s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1880s-1890s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American Cabinet Cards"],"text":["African American Cabinet Cards","MS 00066","/repositories/2/resources/13","African Americans","Cabinet photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","53 cabinet cards depicting African Americans from the 1880s-1890s. Photography studios' information is printed on the cards, but personal information concerning those photographed is not included.","One cabinet card was taken by a C. E. Cheyne photography in Hampton, Virginia. The back of the cabinet card reads Carrie E. Stules, January 14, 1896.","Three cabinet cards are of the medicine show duo \"Pete and Lize,\" photographed by E. R. Rose, Oswego, Kansas. Geo Hamtpon performed as Pete, and Eddie B. Love, a female impersonator, performed as Lize. The duo toured throughout Kansas in 1890s.","There is also a cabinet card to Booker T. Washington taken by Russell and Sons, Windsor, England, reprinted by P .S. Rogers, New York, New York.","Other photography studios in the collection include:","Bewsaw's, Bellefontaine, Ohio","Edward's, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania","M. Goulart, New Bedford","Fowler and Pruden, Eclipse Studio, Jamestown, New York","Russell, Baltimore, Maryland","Heyn, Omaha, Nebraska","E. W. Fortune, Los Angeles, California","W. A. Biddle, Richwood, Ohio","C. Jessen and Company, Providence, Rhode Island","Weyrich's Studio, Hillsboro, Ohio","C. M. Huddleston, New Castle, Indiana","J. H. Danner, St. Paul, Minnesota","A. H. Fell, Fort Ann, New York","C. P. Hormig, Frankfort, Indiana","D. L. Cook, Fort Scott, Kansas","C. H. Webster, South Haven, Michigan","C. M. Bowman and Company, Omaha, Nebraska","Goerge F. Riel, Chicago, Illinois","Mulligan Brothers, Columbus, Ohio","M. Oteship, Newark, New Jersey","W. T. Caldwell, Alliance, Nebraska","The J.A. Pfeifer Company, Columbus, Ohio","Johnson S. Souder, Selma, Alabama","Hunt, Mayfieldm Kentucky","Lawrence Mettner, Kansas","Dillon, Cincinnati, Ohio","M. Koogle and J. H. King, Bellefontaine, Ohio","McLeod, Atchison, Kansas","Levi Gold, Cincinnati, Ohio","Jackson, Waco, Texas","J. R. Pearson, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania","Crocker, Corning, New York","Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","J.J. Millikin, Bellefontaine, Ohio","Includes cabinet card of Booker T. Washington.","Three cabinet cards are of the medicine show duo \"Pete and Lize,\" photographed by E. R. Rose, Oswego, Kansas. Geo Hamtpon performed as Pete, and Eddie B. Love, a female impersonator, performed as Lize. The duo toured throughout Kansas in 1890s.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American Cabinet Cards"],"collection_ssim":["African American Cabinet Cards"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00066","/repositories/2/resources/13"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00066","/repositories/2/resources/13"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Cabinet photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Cabinet photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Cabinet photographs"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAfrican American Cabinet Cards, circa 1880s, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["African American Cabinet Cards, circa 1880s, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e53 cabinet cards depicting African Americans from the 1880s-1890s. Photography studios' information is printed on the cards, but personal information concerning those photographed is not included. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne cabinet card was taken by a C. E. Cheyne photography in Hampton, Virginia. The back of the cabinet card reads Carrie E. Stules, January 14, 1896. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree cabinet cards are of the medicine show duo \"Pete and Lize,\" photographed by E. R. Rose, Oswego, Kansas. Geo Hamtpon performed as Pete, and Eddie B. Love, a female impersonator, performed as Lize. The duo toured throughout Kansas in 1890s.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a cabinet card to Booker T. Washington taken by Russell and Sons, Windsor, England, reprinted by P .S. Rogers, New York, New York. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther photography studios in the collection include:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Bewsaw's, Bellefontaine, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Edward's, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e M. Goulart, New Bedford\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fowler and Pruden, Eclipse Studio, Jamestown, New York\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Russell, Baltimore, Maryland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Heyn, Omaha, Nebraska\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e E. W. Fortune, Los Angeles, California\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e W. A. Biddle, Richwood, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. Jessen and Company, Providence, Rhode Island\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Weyrich's Studio, Hillsboro, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. M. Huddleston, New Castle, Indiana\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e J. H. Danner, St. Paul, Minnesota\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A. H. Fell, Fort Ann, New York\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. P. Hormig, Frankfort, Indiana\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e D. L. Cook, Fort Scott, Kansas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. H. Webster, South Haven, Michigan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C. M. Bowman and Company, Omaha, Nebraska\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Goerge F. Riel, Chicago, Illinois\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mulligan Brothers, Columbus, Ohio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e M. Oteship, Newark, New Jersey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e W. T. Caldwell, Alliance, Nebraska\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The J.A. 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Rogers, New York, New York.","Other photography studios in the collection include:","Bewsaw's, Bellefontaine, Ohio","Edward's, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania","M. Goulart, New Bedford","Fowler and Pruden, Eclipse Studio, Jamestown, New York","Russell, Baltimore, Maryland","Heyn, Omaha, Nebraska","E. W. Fortune, Los Angeles, California","W. A. Biddle, Richwood, Ohio","C. Jessen and Company, Providence, Rhode Island","Weyrich's Studio, Hillsboro, Ohio","C. M. Huddleston, New Castle, Indiana","J. H. Danner, St. Paul, Minnesota","A. H. Fell, Fort Ann, New York","C. P. Hormig, Frankfort, Indiana","D. L. Cook, Fort Scott, Kansas","C. H. Webster, South Haven, Michigan","C. M. Bowman and Company, Omaha, Nebraska","Goerge F. Riel, Chicago, Illinois","Mulligan Brothers, Columbus, Ohio","M. Oteship, Newark, New Jersey","W. T. Caldwell, Alliance, Nebraska","The J.A. Pfeifer Company, Columbus, Ohio","Johnson S. Souder, Selma, Alabama","Hunt, Mayfieldm Kentucky","Lawrence Mettner, Kansas","Dillon, Cincinnati, Ohio","M. Koogle and J. H. King, Bellefontaine, Ohio","McLeod, Atchison, Kansas","Levi Gold, Cincinnati, Ohio","Jackson, Waco, Texas","J. R. Pearson, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania","Crocker, Corning, New York","Sullivan, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","J.J. Millikin, Bellefontaine, Ohio","Includes cabinet card of Booker T. Washington.","Three cabinet cards are of the medicine show duo \"Pete and Lize,\" photographed by E. R. Rose, Oswego, Kansas. Geo Hamtpon performed as Pete, and Eddie B. Love, a female impersonator, performed as Lize. The duo toured throughout Kansas in 1890s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_13"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3346","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bruce A. McConachie Papers, 1978-1995, 1978/1995","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3346#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSigned typescript of \"Goin' Home to Freedom,\" McConachie's adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin (Acc. 1986.013). Correspondence, student references, teaching evaluations, a draft and offprints of \"Goin' Home to Freedom\" (Acc. 1999.016).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3346#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3346","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3346","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3346","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3346","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3346.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McConachie, Bruce A.,  Papers","title_ssm":["Bruce A. McConachie Papers, 1978-1995"],"title_tesim":["Bruce A. McConachie Papers, 1978-1995"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1978-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1978/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bruce A. McConachie Papers, 1978-1995, 1978/1995"],"text":["Bruce A. McConachie Papers, 1978-1995, 1978/1995","UA 6.045","/repositories/2/resources/3346","African Americans","Slavery--Southern States--History","Universities and Colleges--Virginia--Faculty","Correspondence","Typescripts","This collection contains material which may be restricted related to personnel matters, student records, or other reasons. A Special Collections Research Center staff member must review the collection for restricted material before any researchers may use the collection. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Bruce A. McConachie was a William \u0026 Mary professor (1976-1997). Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Signed typescript of \"Goin' Home to Freedom,\" McConachie's adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin (Acc. 1986.013). Correspondence, student references, teaching evaluations, a draft and offprints of \"Goin' Home to Freedom\" (Acc. 1999.016).","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bruce A. McConachie Papers, 1978-1995, 1978/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Bruce A. 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A Special Collections Research Center staff member must review the collection for restricted material before any researchers may use the collection. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection contains material which may be restricted related to personnel matters, student records, or other reasons. A Special Collections Research Center staff member must review the collection for restricted material before any researchers may use the collection. Consult a staff member for assistance. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBruce A. McConachie was a William \u0026amp; Mary professor (1976-1997). Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Bruce_A._McConachie\" title=\"Bruce A. McConachie\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bruce A. McConachie was a William \u0026 Mary professor (1976-1997). Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBruce A. McConachie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary. Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Bruce A. McConachie Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary. Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSigned typescript of \"Goin' Home to Freedom,\" McConachie's adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin (Acc. 1986.013). Correspondence, student references, teaching evaluations, a draft and offprints of \"Goin' Home to Freedom\" (Acc. 1999.016).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Signed typescript of \"Goin' Home to Freedom,\" McConachie's adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin (Acc. 1986.013). 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncounter with an Elephant Glass Slides, circa 1880, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Encounter with an Elephant Glass Slides, circa 1880, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwelve glass plate slides depicting a cartoon scene of a native African American shooting a spear into the back end of an elephant.  Rather than wounding the animal, it provokes it.  The following scenes show the elephant holding the native underwater, almost feeding it to a crocodile, and then finally deciding to throw the native onto a prickly bush. The last scene of the cartoon slide shows the elephant walking off and the native covered in thorns.  The scenes depict the African American in a less than flattering manner and exaggerate his ethnic features.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Twelve glass plate slides depicting a cartoon scene of a native African American shooting a spear into the back end of an elephant.  Rather than wounding the animal, it provokes it.  The following scenes show the elephant holding the native underwater, almost feeding it to a crocodile, and then finally deciding to throw the native onto a prickly bush. The last scene of the cartoon slide shows the elephant walking off and the native covered in thorns.  The scenes depict the African American in a less than flattering manner and exaggerate his ethnic features."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Gary Alonzo Barranger"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gary Alonzo Barranger"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Gary Alonzo Barranger"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:01.879Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8582"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1714","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Fitzhugh Lee Papers, 1866/1887","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1714#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1714#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLetters written from Lee to Manning Marius Kimmel, a fellow Confederate officer and to other acquaintances concerning former Confederate officers, Reconstruction and Kimmel's experiences fighting as a mercenary with Maximilian in Mexico. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Fitzhugh Lee was born in 1835 and was the nephew of Robert E. Lee. He graduated from the United States Military Academy. He served in the Confederate Army as staff officer to Richard S. Ewell and to Joseph E. Johnston and as lieutenant-colonel of 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was senior cavalry commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Served as governor of Virginia 1886-1890 and as consul-general in Havana. He died in 1905. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Previously identified as Mss 72s L51.","Processed by Cynthia B. Brown in 1983.","Letters written from Lee to Manning Marius Kimmel, a fellow Confederate officer and to other acquaintances concerning former Confederate officers, Reconstruction and Kimmel's experiences fighting as a mercenary with Maximilian in Mexico. Includes letter, 4 November 1875, discussing the participation of Black people in the dedication of the equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson on Monument Avenue in Richmond and the typescript of the speech, 11 August 1875, made by W. H. Payne when nominating Lee for governor.","1. 12 August 1866. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Mexico. 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Early's letter to James Lawson Kemper, commenting on its content concerning \"Stonewall\" Jackson's statue dedication relating to the admission of Negroes; emphatically denies Early's accusations of his using the occasion as an \"electioneering carnival\" by allowing the Negroes to participate, and expresses resentment that Early feels he has disgraced \"... the memory of Jackson\" as well as insulting \". . .all Confederates who have any respect for themselves at all\"; tells of his willingness to speak to the Negro leaders, asking them not to attend the procession, so as to keep the peace, but there were overwhelming numbers of applications by them, and he could not. deny them admittance; vehemently defends his actions and decisions, stating that he never believed the Negroes would carry ;\" 15th amendment banners and Lincoln portraits,\" but. that they would \"unite in honor of his name.\"","5. 11 August 1877. Speech of Gen. W.H. Payne, nominating Gen. Fitzhugh Lee for Governor of Virginia. (copy)","6. 2 Dec. 1885. Fitzhugh Lee, Evergreen, near Alexandria, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel. Invitation for a visit, and family news. (photocopy)","7. 21 Sept. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Henderson, Kentucky. Will not be able to accept his invitation to visit. (photocopy)","8. 6 Oct. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, Virginia, to Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Club, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Acknowledges receipt of the Baltimore Sunday News.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, 1866/1887"],"collection_ssim":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, 1866/1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01268","/repositories/2/resources/1714"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01268","/repositories/2/resources/1714"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Governors"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Governors"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Governors"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Gen. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. 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Johnston and as lieutenant-colonel of 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was senior cavalry commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Served as governor of Virginia 1886-1890 and as consul-general in Havana. He died in 1905. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Fitzhugh_Lee\" title=\"Fitzhugh Lee\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fitzhugh Lee was born in 1835 and was the nephew of Robert E. Lee. He graduated from the United States Military Academy. He served in the Confederate Army as staff officer to Richard S. Ewell and to Joseph E. Johnston and as lieutenant-colonel of 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was senior cavalry commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Served as governor of Virginia 1886-1890 and as consul-general in Havana. He died in 1905. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreviously identified as Mss 72s L51.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Previously identified as Mss 72s L51."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzhugh Lee Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Cynthia B. Brown in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Cynthia B. Brown in 1983."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters written from Lee to Manning Marius Kimmel, a fellow Confederate officer and to other acquaintances concerning former Confederate officers, Reconstruction and Kimmel's experiences fighting as a mercenary with Maximilian in Mexico. Includes letter, 4 November 1875, discussing the participation of Black people in the dedication of the equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson on Monument Avenue in Richmond and the typescript of the speech, 11 August 1875, made by W. H. Payne when nominating Lee for governor.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e1. 12 August 1866. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Mexico. Discusses farming, politics, news of former Confederate officers. (photocopy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. 1 Oct. 1867. Fitzhugh Lee, Garrisonville Post Office, Stafford County, Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Concerns Colonel Kimmel's fighting in Mexico, farming, and lady friends. (photocopy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. 16 Nov. 1869. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County, Virginia, to \"Miss Maggie,\" Cryptic letter alluding to an unknown promise and a possible love affair; also reference to a letter to Charles Minnegerode. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. 4 Nov. 1875. James Lawson Kemper, Governor, Richmond, Virginia, to General Fitzhugh Lee, Richlands Post Office, Stafford County, Virginia. Encloses General Jubal A. Early's letter to James Lawson Kemper, commenting on its content concerning \"Stonewall\" Jackson's statue dedication relating to the admission of Negroes; emphatically denies Early's accusations of his using the occasion as an \"electioneering carnival\" by allowing the Negroes to participate, and expresses resentment that Early feels he has disgraced \"... the memory of Jackson\" as well as insulting \". . .all Confederates who have any respect for themselves at all\"; tells of his willingness to speak to the Negro leaders, asking them not to attend the procession, so as to keep the peace, but there were overwhelming numbers of applications by them, and he could not. deny them admittance; vehemently defends his actions and decisions, stating that he never believed the Negroes would carry ;\" 15th amendment banners and Lincoln portraits,\" but. that they would \"unite in honor of his name.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. 11 August 1877. Speech of Gen. W.H. Payne, nominating Gen. Fitzhugh Lee for Governor of Virginia. (copy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. 2 Dec. 1885. Fitzhugh Lee, Evergreen, near Alexandria, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel. Invitation for a visit, and family news. (photocopy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. 21 Sept. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Henderson, Kentucky. Will not be able to accept his invitation to visit. (photocopy) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. 6 Oct. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, Virginia, to Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Club, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Acknowledges receipt of the Baltimore Sunday News.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters written from Lee to Manning Marius Kimmel, a fellow Confederate officer and to other acquaintances concerning former Confederate officers, Reconstruction and Kimmel's experiences fighting as a mercenary with Maximilian in Mexico. 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James Lawson Kemper, Governor, Richmond, Virginia, to General Fitzhugh Lee, Richlands Post Office, Stafford County, Virginia. Encloses General Jubal A. Early's letter to James Lawson Kemper, commenting on its content concerning \"Stonewall\" Jackson's statue dedication relating to the admission of Negroes; emphatically denies Early's accusations of his using the occasion as an \"electioneering carnival\" by allowing the Negroes to participate, and expresses resentment that Early feels he has disgraced \"... the memory of Jackson\" as well as insulting \". . .all Confederates who have any respect for themselves at all\"; tells of his willingness to speak to the Negro leaders, asking them not to attend the procession, so as to keep the peace, but there were overwhelming numbers of applications by them, and he could not. deny them admittance; vehemently defends his actions and decisions, stating that he never believed the Negroes would carry ;\" 15th amendment banners and Lincoln portraits,\" but. that they would \"unite in honor of his name.\"","5. 11 August 1877. Speech of Gen. W.H. Payne, nominating Gen. Fitzhugh Lee for Governor of Virginia. (copy)","6. 2 Dec. 1885. Fitzhugh Lee, Evergreen, near Alexandria, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel. Invitation for a visit, and family news. (photocopy)","7. 21 Sept. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Henderson, Kentucky. Will not be able to accept his invitation to visit. (photocopy)","8. 6 Oct. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, Virginia, to Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Club, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Acknowledges receipt of the Baltimore Sunday News."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:50.510Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1714","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1714","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1714","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1714","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1714.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lee, Fitzhugh papers","title_ssm":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers"],"title_tesim":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-1887"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1866/1887"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, 1866/1887"],"text":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, 1866/1887","SC 01268","/repositories/2/resources/1714","Virginia--Governors","African Americans","Jackson Statue (Richmond, Va.)","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","United States-- History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Veterans","Correspondence","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Fitzhugh Lee was born in 1835 and was the nephew of Robert E. Lee. He graduated from the United States Military Academy. He served in the Confederate Army as staff officer to Richard S. Ewell and to Joseph E. Johnston and as lieutenant-colonel of 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was senior cavalry commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Served as governor of Virginia 1886-1890 and as consul-general in Havana. He died in 1905. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Previously identified as Mss 72s L51.","Processed by Cynthia B. Brown in 1983.","Letters written from Lee to Manning Marius Kimmel, a fellow Confederate officer and to other acquaintances concerning former Confederate officers, Reconstruction and Kimmel's experiences fighting as a mercenary with Maximilian in Mexico. Includes letter, 4 November 1875, discussing the participation of Black people in the dedication of the equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson on Monument Avenue in Richmond and the typescript of the speech, 11 August 1875, made by W. H. Payne when nominating Lee for governor.","1. 12 August 1866. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Mexico. 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Acknowledges receipt of the Baltimore Sunday News.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, 1866/1887"],"collection_ssim":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, 1866/1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01268","/repositories/2/resources/1714"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01268","/repositories/2/resources/1714"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Governors"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Governors"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Governors"],"creator_ssm":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905"],"creator_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts of Gen. E. Sclater Montague (1972), Bartlett R. Burgwyn in honor of Dr. Davis Y. Paschall (1981), and Ronald van Klaussen (1982). Acc. 1983.33 Purchase from Joseph Rubinfine was received on 6/30/1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Jackson Statue (Richmond, Va.)","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","United States-- History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Veterans","Correspondence","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Jackson Statue (Richmond, Va.)","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)--Virginia","United States-- History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Veterans","Correspondence","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Speeches, addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzhugh Lee was born in 1835 and was the nephew of Robert E. Lee. He graduated from the United States Military Academy. He served in the Confederate Army as staff officer to Richard S. Ewell and to Joseph E. Johnston and as lieutenant-colonel of 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was senior cavalry commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Served as governor of Virginia 1886-1890 and as consul-general in Havana. He died in 1905. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Fitzhugh_Lee\" title=\"Fitzhugh Lee\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fitzhugh Lee was born in 1835 and was the nephew of Robert E. Lee. He graduated from the United States Military Academy. He served in the Confederate Army as staff officer to Richard S. Ewell and to Joseph E. Johnston and as lieutenant-colonel of 1st Virginia Cavalry. He was senior cavalry commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Served as governor of Virginia 1886-1890 and as consul-general in Havana. He died in 1905. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePreviously identified as Mss 72s L51.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Previously identified as Mss 72s L51."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFitzhugh Lee Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Fitzhugh Lee Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Cynthia B. Brown in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Cynthia B. Brown in 1983."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetters written from Lee to Manning Marius Kimmel, a fellow Confederate officer and to other acquaintances concerning former Confederate officers, Reconstruction and Kimmel's experiences fighting as a mercenary with Maximilian in Mexico. Includes letter, 4 November 1875, discussing the participation of Black people in the dedication of the equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson on Monument Avenue in Richmond and the typescript of the speech, 11 August 1875, made by W. H. Payne when nominating Lee for governor.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e1. 12 August 1866. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Mexico. Discusses farming, politics, news of former Confederate officers. (photocopy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. 1 Oct. 1867. Fitzhugh Lee, Garrisonville Post Office, Stafford County, Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Concerns Colonel Kimmel's fighting in Mexico, farming, and lady friends. (photocopy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. 16 Nov. 1869. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County, Virginia, to \"Miss Maggie,\" Cryptic letter alluding to an unknown promise and a possible love affair; also reference to a letter to Charles Minnegerode. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. 4 Nov. 1875. James Lawson Kemper, Governor, Richmond, Virginia, to General Fitzhugh Lee, Richlands Post Office, Stafford County, Virginia. Encloses General Jubal A. Early's letter to James Lawson Kemper, commenting on its content concerning \"Stonewall\" Jackson's statue dedication relating to the admission of Negroes; emphatically denies Early's accusations of his using the occasion as an \"electioneering carnival\" by allowing the Negroes to participate, and expresses resentment that Early feels he has disgraced \"... the memory of Jackson\" as well as insulting \". . .all Confederates who have any respect for themselves at all\"; tells of his willingness to speak to the Negro leaders, asking them not to attend the procession, so as to keep the peace, but there were overwhelming numbers of applications by them, and he could not. deny them admittance; vehemently defends his actions and decisions, stating that he never believed the Negroes would carry ;\" 15th amendment banners and Lincoln portraits,\" but. that they would \"unite in honor of his name.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. 11 August 1877. Speech of Gen. W.H. Payne, nominating Gen. Fitzhugh Lee for Governor of Virginia. (copy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. 2 Dec. 1885. Fitzhugh Lee, Evergreen, near Alexandria, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel. Invitation for a visit, and family news. (photocopy)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. 21 Sept. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Henderson, Kentucky. Will not be able to accept his invitation to visit. (photocopy) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. 6 Oct. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, Virginia, to Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Club, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Acknowledges receipt of the Baltimore Sunday News.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Letters written from Lee to Manning Marius Kimmel, a fellow Confederate officer and to other acquaintances concerning former Confederate officers, Reconstruction and Kimmel's experiences fighting as a mercenary with Maximilian in Mexico. Includes letter, 4 November 1875, discussing the participation of Black people in the dedication of the equestrian statue of Stonewall Jackson on Monument Avenue in Richmond and the typescript of the speech, 11 August 1875, made by W. H. Payne when nominating Lee for governor.","1. 12 August 1866. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Mexico. Discusses farming, politics, news of former Confederate officers. (photocopy)","2. 1 Oct. 1867. Fitzhugh Lee, Garrisonville Post Office, Stafford County, Virginia, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Concerns Colonel Kimmel's fighting in Mexico, farming, and lady friends. (photocopy)","3. 16 Nov. 1869. Fitzhugh Lee, Richland Mill, Stafford County, Virginia, to \"Miss Maggie,\" Cryptic letter alluding to an unknown promise and a possible love affair; also reference to a letter to Charles Minnegerode.","4. 4 Nov. 1875. James Lawson Kemper, Governor, Richmond, Virginia, to General Fitzhugh Lee, Richlands Post Office, Stafford County, Virginia. Encloses General Jubal A. Early's letter to James Lawson Kemper, commenting on its content concerning \"Stonewall\" Jackson's statue dedication relating to the admission of Negroes; emphatically denies Early's accusations of his using the occasion as an \"electioneering carnival\" by allowing the Negroes to participate, and expresses resentment that Early feels he has disgraced \"... the memory of Jackson\" as well as insulting \". . .all Confederates who have any respect for themselves at all\"; tells of his willingness to speak to the Negro leaders, asking them not to attend the procession, so as to keep the peace, but there were overwhelming numbers of applications by them, and he could not. deny them admittance; vehemently defends his actions and decisions, stating that he never believed the Negroes would carry ;\" 15th amendment banners and Lincoln portraits,\" but. that they would \"unite in honor of his name.\"","5. 11 August 1877. Speech of Gen. W.H. Payne, nominating Gen. Fitzhugh Lee for Governor of Virginia. (copy)","6. 2 Dec. 1885. Fitzhugh Lee, Evergreen, near Alexandria, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel. Invitation for a visit, and family news. (photocopy)","7. 21 Sept. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, to Colonel M. M. Kimmel, Henderson, Kentucky. Will not be able to accept his invitation to visit. (photocopy)","8. 6 Oct. 1887. Fitzhugh Lee, Richmond, Virginia, to Charles R. Deacon, Secretary of the Clover Club, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Acknowledges receipt of the Baltimore Sunday News."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Lee, Fitzhugh, 1835-1905","Kimmel, Manning Marius","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:50.510Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1714"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9172#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hecht, Herman","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9172#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U.S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October 1943 and February 1946, to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania. There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote her, saving them would make him homesick.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9172#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9172.xml","title_ssm":["Herman Recht Papers"],"title_tesim":["Herman Recht Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946"],"text":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946","Mss. Acc. 2001.31","/repositories/2/resources/9172","United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","African Americans","United States--Jewish History","Pregnancy","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","College of William and Mary--History","United States--Lawyers","Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U.S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October 1943 and February 1946, to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania.  There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote her, saving them would make him homesick.","Recht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy.  He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William \u0026 Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction.  He often inquires about activities of the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities.  He is very knowledgeable about classical music.  He reguarly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946"],"collection_ssim":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2001.31","/repositories/2/resources/9172"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2001.31","/repositories/2/resources/9172"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"places_ssim":["United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Hecht, Herman"],"creator_ssim":["Hecht, Herman"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","United States--Jewish History","Pregnancy","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","College of William and Mary--History","United States--Lawyers","Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","United States--Jewish History","Pregnancy","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","College of William and Mary--History","United States--Lawyers","Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U.S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October 1943 and February 1946, to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania.  There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote her, saving them would make him homesick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy.  He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William \u0026amp; Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction.  He often inquires about activities of the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities.  He is very knowledgeable about classical music.  He reguarly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U.S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October 1943 and February 1946, to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania.  There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote her, saving them would make him homesick.","Recht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy.  He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William \u0026 Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction.  He often inquires about activities of the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities.  He is very knowledgeable about classical music.  He reguarly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:48:32.028Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9172","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9172.xml","title_ssm":["Herman Recht Papers"],"title_tesim":["Herman Recht Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946"],"text":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946","Mss. Acc. 2001.31","/repositories/2/resources/9172","United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","African Americans","United States--Jewish History","Pregnancy","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","College of William and Mary--History","United States--Lawyers","Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U.S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October 1943 and February 1946, to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania.  There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote her, saving them would make him homesick.","Recht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy.  He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William \u0026 Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction.  He often inquires about activities of the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities.  He is very knowledgeable about classical music.  He reguarly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946"],"collection_ssim":["Herman Recht Papers, 1943/1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. Acc. 2001.31","/repositories/2/resources/9172"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. Acc. 2001.31","/repositories/2/resources/9172"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"places_ssim":["United States--Social life and customs","Camp Peary (Va.)","Williamsburg (Va.)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Hecht, Herman"],"creator_ssim":["Hecht, Herman"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","United States--Jewish History","Pregnancy","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","College of William and Mary--History","United States--Lawyers","Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","United States--Jewish History","Pregnancy","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Prisoners of War","College of William and Mary--History","United States--Lawyers","Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U.S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October 1943 and February 1946, to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania.  There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote her, saving them would make him homesick.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy.  He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William \u0026amp; Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction.  He often inquires about activities of the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities.  He is very knowledgeable about classical music.  He reguarly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of more than 700 letters written by Herman Recht (1908-1971), a Navy yeoman, from Camp Peary (U.S. Naval Construction Training Center), near Williamsburg, Virginia, between October 1943 and February 1946, to his wife, Esther, in Clairton, Pennsylvania.  There are no letters from Esther because, as he wrote her, saving them would make him homesick.","Recht had been a lawyer for eight and a half years before joining the Navy.  He was very well read, and regularly came into Williamsburg to dine at the Williamsburg Lodge and borrow books from and read magazines in the William \u0026 Mary library where his interests ran from public affairs to the latest fiction.  He often inquires about activities of the Jewish community in Clairton, and is a strong advocate for racial minorities.  He is very knowledgeable about classical music.  He reguarly reads the Pittsburgh Press and inquires about friends and family in Clairton and Pittsburgh.  Gossip about friends from home is included in almost every letter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Hecht, Herman","Kaemmerle, Marilyn"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:48:32.028Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9172"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2231#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2231#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2231.xml","title_filing_ssi":"James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Personal Property Tax Books","title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949"],"text":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949","Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231","Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century","African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","115 volumes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.","Shelved in oversize.","Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.","This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.","Personal Property Tax Books for James City County, Virginia. 3 Land Tax books: 1866, 1882 and 1886. Missing years are: 1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937. 72 books.","6 Books, 1866 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","9 books, 1871 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1872 - 1 book, Stone House. 1873 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1874 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","7 books. 1875 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","4 books. 1882 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1886 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1912 – 3 books, two are Property Taxes and one is blank.","4 books.1914 – 2 books, both Property Taxes19161917","3 books.","5 books.19281929193119321933","5 books.","5 books.","4 books.","5 books.","Personal Property Tax Books for the City of Williamsburg, Virginia. Two Land Tax books are included for the years 1865 and 1867. Years missing are: 1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920. 43 books.","1865 – 3 books, two are for Property Taxes and one is for Land Taxes. 1866 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes 1867 – 2 books, one for property taxes and one for Town Lots 1868 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes","2 books.","3 books","2 copies","1915 – 2 copies","1925 – 2 books","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949"],"collection_ssim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["115 volumes"],"extent_ssm":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDivided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eShelved in oversize.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.","Shelved in oversize."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMissing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Property Tax Books for James City County, Virginia. 3 Land Tax books: 1866, 1882 and 1886. Missing years are: 1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937. 72 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 Books, 1866 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9 books, 1871 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1872 - 1 book, Stone House. 1873 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1874 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 books. 1875 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books. 1882 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books. 1886 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books. 1912 – 3 books, two are Property Taxes and one is blank.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books.1914 – 2 books, both Property Taxes19161917\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.19281929193119321933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Property Tax Books for the City of Williamsburg, Virginia. Two Land Tax books are included for the years 1865 and 1867. Years missing are: 1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920. 43 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865 – 3 books, two are for Property Taxes and one is for Land Taxes. 1866 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes 1867 – 2 books, one for property taxes and one for Town Lots 1868 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 copies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1915 – 2 copies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925 – 2 books\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.","Personal Property Tax Books for James City County, Virginia. 3 Land Tax books: 1866, 1882 and 1886. Missing years are: 1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937. 72 books.","6 Books, 1866 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","9 books, 1871 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1872 - 1 book, Stone House. 1873 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1874 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","7 books. 1875 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","4 books. 1882 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1886 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1912 – 3 books, two are Property Taxes and one is blank.","4 books.1914 – 2 books, both Property Taxes19161917","3 books.","5 books.19281929193119321933","5 books.","5 books.","4 books.","5 books.","Personal Property Tax Books for the City of Williamsburg, Virginia. Two Land Tax books are included for the years 1865 and 1867. Years missing are: 1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920. 43 books.","1865 – 3 books, two are for Property Taxes and one is for Land Taxes. 1866 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes 1867 – 2 books, one for property taxes and one for Town Lots 1868 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes","2 books.","3 books","2 copies","1915 – 2 copies","1925 – 2 books"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2231","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2231.xml","title_filing_ssi":"James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Personal Property Tax Books","title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949"],"text":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949","Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231","Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century","African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books","115 volumes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.","Shelved in oversize.","Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.","This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.","Personal Property Tax Books for James City County, Virginia. 3 Land Tax books: 1866, 1882 and 1886. Missing years are: 1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937. 72 books.","6 Books, 1866 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","9 books, 1871 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1872 - 1 book, Stone House. 1873 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1874 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","7 books. 1875 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","4 books. 1882 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1886 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1912 – 3 books, two are Property Taxes and one is blank.","4 books.1914 – 2 books, both Property Taxes19161917","3 books.","5 books.19281929193119321933","5 books.","5 books.","4 books.","5 books.","Personal Property Tax Books for the City of Williamsburg, Virginia. Two Land Tax books are included for the years 1865 and 1867. Years missing are: 1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920. 43 books.","1865 – 3 books, two are for Property Taxes and one is for Land Taxes. 1866 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes 1867 – 2 books, one for property taxes and one for Town Lots 1868 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes","2 books.","3 books","2 copies","1915 – 2 copies","1925 – 2 books","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949"],"collection_ssim":["James City County and City of Williamsburg Personal Property Tax Books, 1865/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 68 J23","/repositories/2/resources/2231"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Jamestown (Va.)--History--19th century","Jamestown (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","James City County (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","African Americans--Virginia--James City County","African Americans--Virginia--James City County--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","Property tax","Real property tax","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["115 volumes"],"extent_ssm":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["11.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDivided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eShelved in oversize.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Divided into James City County and Williamsburg, then chronological order by year.","Shelved in oversize."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James City County and Williamsburg City Personal Property Books, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records are also available via microfilm at the Williamsburg-James City County Court House."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMissing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Property Tax Books for James City County, Virginia. 3 Land Tax books: 1866, 1882 and 1886. Missing years are: 1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937. 72 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6 Books, 1866 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9 books, 1871 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1872 - 1 book, Stone House. 1873 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1874 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7 books. 1875 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books. 1882 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books. 1886 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books. 1912 – 3 books, two are Property Taxes and one is blank.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books.1914 – 2 books, both Property Taxes19161917\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.19281929193119321933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Property Tax Books for the City of Williamsburg, Virginia. Two Land Tax books are included for the years 1865 and 1867. Years missing are: 1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920. 43 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1865 – 3 books, two are for Property Taxes and one is for Land Taxes. 1866 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes 1867 – 2 books, one for property taxes and one for Town Lots 1868 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2 copies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1915 – 2 copies\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1925 – 2 books\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is composed of 69 Property Tax Books and 3 Land Tax Books for James City County, Virginia, 1866-1948, and 42 Property Tax Books and 2 Land Tax Books for Williamsburg, Virginia, 1865-1927.","Most years contain two sections within one book:  one section for \"White\" property owners and one section for \"Colored\" property owners.  Many of the James City County records have separate books or are divided into Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House districts.  For the years 1871 to 1875, records are not available for the county as a whole, but rather by the townships listed. Some years have more than one copy, usually the original book, and the corrected version.","Many of the books have crumbling covers and edges, but remain intact.  Most are folded with one or two folds and have been left that way to preserve the crumbling paper.","Missing years: James City County:  1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937; Williamsburg:  1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920.","Personal Property Tax Books for James City County, Virginia. 3 Land Tax books: 1866, 1882 and 1886. Missing years are: 1915, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1930 and 1937. 72 books.","6 Books, 1866 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","9 books, 1871 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1872 - 1 book, Stone House. 1873 - 3 books, one each for Powhatan, Jamestown and Stone House. 1874 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","7 books. 1875 - 2 books, one each for Jamestown and Stone House.","4 books. 1882 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1886 - 2 books, one each for Property Taxes and Land Taxes.","4 books. 1912 – 3 books, two are Property Taxes and one is blank.","4 books.1914 – 2 books, both Property Taxes19161917","3 books.","5 books.19281929193119321933","5 books.","5 books.","4 books.","5 books.","Personal Property Tax Books for the City of Williamsburg, Virginia. Two Land Tax books are included for the years 1865 and 1867. Years missing are: 1892 to 1901, 1908, 1909, 1911, 1916, 1918 and 1920. 43 books.","1865 – 3 books, two are for Property Taxes and one is for Land Taxes. 1866 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes 1867 – 2 books, one for property taxes and one for Town Lots 1868 – 2 books, both for Property Taxes","2 books.","3 books","2 copies","1915 – 2 copies","1925 – 2 books"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:42:20.276Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2231"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joel E. Spingarn Papers, 1934/1939","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_6470#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_6470#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_6470.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Spingarn, Joel E. Papers","title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1939"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1939"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers, 1934/1939"],"text":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers, 1934/1939","SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470","African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","The main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress.","Includes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.","Much of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers, 1934/1939"],"collection_ssim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers, 1934/1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00578","/repositories/2/resources/6470"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1964"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. There are also materials at the Library of Congress."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuch of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes letters to Spingarn, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from Lowell Thomas, Sumner Welles, Edward Steichen, Charles A. Beard, Henry F. Du Pont, H. L. Mencken, and Owen Roberts concerning horticultural matters. Also includes correspondence, 1938, of Congressman Hamilton Fish, Jr., Walter White, and Springarn concerning remarks made by William E. Borah concerning lynching.","Much of the correspondence deals with gardening.  He sends clematis seeds to friends."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"names_coll_ssim":["Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Mencken, H. L. (Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:44:41.677Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_6470","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_6470.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Spingarn, Joel E. Papers","title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"title_tesim":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1939"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1939"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1934/1939"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joel E. Spingarn Papers, 1934/1939"],"text":["Joel E. 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(Henry Louis), 1880-1956","Roberts, William Thomas","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift, 1964"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans","Horticulture","Lynching--United States--History","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe main collections of Joel E. Spingarn papers are in the New York Public Library, Howard University, and in the James Weldon Johnson Collection at Yale University. 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