{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+students\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1915\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+students\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1915\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1200#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes school census materials for the following years: 1910, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940. The census materials are separated into the categories of Black children, with the term \"colored\" used on the forms, and White children. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1200#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1200.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/131475","title_filing_ssi":"Charlottesville City Schools collection","title_ssm":["Charlottesville City Schools collection"],"title_tesim":["Charlottesville City Schools collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945"],"text":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945","MSS 2486","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1200","Education--Virginia","African American students","Students, Black","Segregation in education -- Virginia","Education","school census","school children","Segregation in education","Black people--segregation","Teachers--Certification","The Charlottesville City Schools collection is arranged in three series: the first and largest series is the School Census Material (Boxes 1-16) and the second series is the School Board Account Books or ledgers (Boxes 17-20). The third series consists of Lists of Teachers, Minutes and Other Related Materials (Boxe 20-22).","The school census records were originally separated into Black student records and White student records and this order has been maintained. The records for Black children were originally labeled \"colored\" but the current term Black children has been substituted on the folder headings and in the description.","The School Board Account Books are foldered and arranged roughly in chronological order.","The third series is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Frank A. Massie was appointed Superintendent of Charlottesville City schools in 1892-1893 and some of the School Board Account Books overlap his time of service. James G. Johnson (1871-1957) became Superintendent of Charlottesville City Schools in 1909 and continued until his retirement in 1946 while the schools were still racially segregated.","Johnson was born in Elk Garden, Russell County, Virginia, later moving to Tennessee, where he attended Milligan College and taught for seven years in Tennessee. He then received his Master's (1906) and Ph.D. in English from the Univeristy of Virginia (1909). His father, Charles W. Johnson, had served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War and became a physician after attending one session at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.","This material contains references to outdated terminology for Black people and people with disabilities. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Boxes 6-7: Damaged census cards were mended with Japanese paper and wheat starch paste and rehoused in folders. For more information please contact the conservation department, reference: FY24. elw for Sue Donovan 9/12/24","The collection includes school census materials for the following years: 1910, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940. The census materials are separated into the categories of Black children, with the term \"colored\" used on the forms, and White children.","Census materials may also include the child's name and birth date; the names, addresses and occupations of parents or guardians; the child's school attendance status and literacy level (e.g. \"unable to read\"); and a child's special needs (e.g. \"deaf,\" \"crippled,\" \"mental deficiency\").","The collection also includes a list of teachers' certificates, 1914-1943, one volume; school board account books, 1891-1901 and 1908-1910; resident and non-resident summer school tuition books, 1907-1940, seven volumes.","In addition, there are lists of teachers, alphabetical with dates of certificates, 1914-1915; by school, classes, etc., 1915-1916 minutes of Charlottesville Education Association, 1906-1910; minutes of Charlottesville Grammar School teachers, 1903-1909; miscellaneous materials on text books and other matters; suggestions by teachers in 1938 on employing the \"new curriculum\"; and school book lists, 1908-1941.","The printed item \"The Budget\" (1894 October 3 and 1895 January 19 issues) for the Midway School in Charlottesville, was transferred to Rare Books on February 21, 2022. It is catalogued as LD7501 .C4 B83 v. 1.","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2486","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1200"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2486","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1200"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Education--Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Education--Virginia"],"places_ssim":["Education--Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, by James G. Johnson, Charlottesville, Virginia on August 28, 1946."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American students","Students, Black","Segregation in education -- Virginia","Education","school census","school children","Segregation in education","Black people--segregation","Teachers--Certification"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American students","Students, Black","Segregation in education -- Virginia","Education","school census","school children","Segregation in education","Black people--segregation","Teachers--Certification"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.25 Cubic Feet 21 document boxes, 1 small oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["10.25 Cubic Feet 21 document boxes, 1 small oversize box"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charlottesville City Schools collection is arranged in three series: the first and largest series is the School Census Material (Boxes 1-16) and the second series is the School Board Account Books or ledgers (Boxes 17-20). The third series consists of Lists of Teachers, Minutes and Other Related Materials (Boxe 20-22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe school census records were originally separated into Black student records and White student records and this order has been maintained. The records for Black children were originally labeled \"colored\" but the current term Black children has been substituted on the folder headings and in the description.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe School Board Account Books are foldered and arranged roughly in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third series is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Charlottesville City Schools collection is arranged in three series: the first and largest series is the School Census Material (Boxes 1-16) and the second series is the School Board Account Books or ledgers (Boxes 17-20). The third series consists of Lists of Teachers, Minutes and Other Related Materials (Boxe 20-22).","The school census records were originally separated into Black student records and White student records and this order has been maintained. The records for Black children were originally labeled \"colored\" but the current term Black children has been substituted on the folder headings and in the description.","The School Board Account Books are foldered and arranged roughly in chronological order.","The third series is arranged alphabetically by folder title."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank A. Massie was appointed Superintendent of Charlottesville City schools in 1892-1893 and some of the School Board Account Books overlap his time of service. James G. Johnson (1871-1957) became Superintendent of Charlottesville City Schools in 1909 and continued until his retirement in 1946 while the schools were still racially segregated. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohnson was born in Elk Garden, Russell County, Virginia, later moving to Tennessee, where he attended Milligan College and taught for seven years in Tennessee. He then received his Master's (1906) and Ph.D. in English from the Univeristy of Virginia (1909). His father, Charles W. Johnson, had served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War and became a physician after attending one session at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frank A. Massie was appointed Superintendent of Charlottesville City schools in 1892-1893 and some of the School Board Account Books overlap his time of service. James G. Johnson (1871-1957) became Superintendent of Charlottesville City Schools in 1909 and continued until his retirement in 1946 while the schools were still racially segregated.","Johnson was born in Elk Garden, Russell County, Virginia, later moving to Tennessee, where he attended Milligan College and taught for seven years in Tennessee. He then received his Master's (1906) and Ph.D. in English from the Univeristy of Virginia (1909). His father, Charles W. Johnson, had served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War and became a physician after attending one session at the University of Virginia School of Medicine."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references to outdated terminology for Black people and people with disabilities. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 6-7: Damaged census cards were mended with Japanese paper and wheat starch paste and rehoused in folders. For more information please contact the conservation department, reference: FY24. elw for Sue Donovan 9/12/24\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","General"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains references to outdated terminology for Black people and people with disabilities. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Boxes 6-7: Damaged census cards were mended with Japanese paper and wheat starch paste and rehoused in folders. For more information please contact the conservation department, reference: FY24. elw for Sue Donovan 9/12/24"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharlottesville City Schools Collection, 1890-1945, MSS 2486, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charlottesville City Schools Collection, 1890-1945, MSS 2486, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes school census materials for the following years: 1910, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940. The census materials are separated into the categories of Black children, with the term \"colored\" used on the forms, and White children. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCensus materials may also include the child's name and birth date; the names, addresses and occupations of parents or guardians; the child's school attendance status and literacy level (e.g. \"unable to read\"); and a child's special needs (e.g. \"deaf,\" \"crippled,\" \"mental deficiency\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a list of teachers' certificates, 1914-1943, one volume; school board account books, 1891-1901 and 1908-1910; resident and non-resident summer school tuition books, 1907-1940, seven volumes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, there are lists of teachers, alphabetical with dates of certificates, 1914-1915; by school, classes, etc., 1915-1916 minutes of Charlottesville Education Association, 1906-1910; minutes of Charlottesville Grammar School teachers, 1903-1909; miscellaneous materials on text books and other matters; suggestions by teachers in 1938 on employing the \"new curriculum\"; and school book lists, 1908-1941.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes school census materials for the following years: 1910, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940. The census materials are separated into the categories of Black children, with the term \"colored\" used on the forms, and White children.","Census materials may also include the child's name and birth date; the names, addresses and occupations of parents or guardians; the child's school attendance status and literacy level (e.g. \"unable to read\"); and a child's special needs (e.g. \"deaf,\" \"crippled,\" \"mental deficiency\").","The collection also includes a list of teachers' certificates, 1914-1943, one volume; school board account books, 1891-1901 and 1908-1910; resident and non-resident summer school tuition books, 1907-1940, seven volumes.","In addition, there are lists of teachers, alphabetical with dates of certificates, 1914-1915; by school, classes, etc., 1915-1916 minutes of Charlottesville Education Association, 1906-1910; minutes of Charlottesville Grammar School teachers, 1903-1909; miscellaneous materials on text books and other matters; suggestions by teachers in 1938 on employing the \"new curriculum\"; and school book lists, 1908-1941."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe printed item \"The Budget\" (1894 October 3 and 1895 January 19 issues) for the Midway School in Charlottesville, was transferred to Rare Books on February 21, 2022. It is catalogued as LD7501 .C4 B83 v. 1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The printed item \"The Budget\" (1894 October 3 and 1895 January 19 issues) for the Midway School in Charlottesville, was transferred to Rare Books on February 21, 2022. It is catalogued as LD7501 .C4 B83 v. 1."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":61,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1200","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1200.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/131475","title_filing_ssi":"Charlottesville City Schools collection","title_ssm":["Charlottesville City Schools collection"],"title_tesim":["Charlottesville City Schools collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945"],"text":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945","MSS 2486","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1200","Education--Virginia","African American students","Students, Black","Segregation in education -- Virginia","Education","school census","school children","Segregation in education","Black people--segregation","Teachers--Certification","The Charlottesville City Schools collection is arranged in three series: the first and largest series is the School Census Material (Boxes 1-16) and the second series is the School Board Account Books or ledgers (Boxes 17-20). The third series consists of Lists of Teachers, Minutes and Other Related Materials (Boxe 20-22).","The school census records were originally separated into Black student records and White student records and this order has been maintained. The records for Black children were originally labeled \"colored\" but the current term Black children has been substituted on the folder headings and in the description.","The School Board Account Books are foldered and arranged roughly in chronological order.","The third series is arranged alphabetically by folder title.","Frank A. Massie was appointed Superintendent of Charlottesville City schools in 1892-1893 and some of the School Board Account Books overlap his time of service. James G. Johnson (1871-1957) became Superintendent of Charlottesville City Schools in 1909 and continued until his retirement in 1946 while the schools were still racially segregated.","Johnson was born in Elk Garden, Russell County, Virginia, later moving to Tennessee, where he attended Milligan College and taught for seven years in Tennessee. He then received his Master's (1906) and Ph.D. in English from the Univeristy of Virginia (1909). His father, Charles W. Johnson, had served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War and became a physician after attending one session at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.","This material contains references to outdated terminology for Black people and people with disabilities. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Boxes 6-7: Damaged census cards were mended with Japanese paper and wheat starch paste and rehoused in folders. For more information please contact the conservation department, reference: FY24. elw for Sue Donovan 9/12/24","The collection includes school census materials for the following years: 1910, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940. The census materials are separated into the categories of Black children, with the term \"colored\" used on the forms, and White children.","Census materials may also include the child's name and birth date; the names, addresses and occupations of parents or guardians; the child's school attendance status and literacy level (e.g. \"unable to read\"); and a child's special needs (e.g. \"deaf,\" \"crippled,\" \"mental deficiency\").","The collection also includes a list of teachers' certificates, 1914-1943, one volume; school board account books, 1891-1901 and 1908-1910; resident and non-resident summer school tuition books, 1907-1940, seven volumes.","In addition, there are lists of teachers, alphabetical with dates of certificates, 1914-1915; by school, classes, etc., 1915-1916 minutes of Charlottesville Education Association, 1906-1910; minutes of Charlottesville Grammar School teachers, 1903-1909; miscellaneous materials on text books and other matters; suggestions by teachers in 1938 on employing the \"new curriculum\"; and school book lists, 1908-1941.","The printed item \"The Budget\" (1894 October 3 and 1895 January 19 issues) for the Midway School in Charlottesville, was transferred to Rare Books on February 21, 2022. It is catalogued as LD7501 .C4 B83 v. 1.","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Charlottesville City Schools collection, 1890/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2486","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1200"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2486","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1200"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Education--Virginia"],"geogname_ssim":["Education--Virginia"],"places_ssim":["Education--Virginia"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, by James G. Johnson, Charlottesville, Virginia on August 28, 1946."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American students","Students, Black","Segregation in education -- Virginia","Education","school census","school children","Segregation in education","Black people--segregation","Teachers--Certification"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American students","Students, Black","Segregation in education -- Virginia","Education","school census","school children","Segregation in education","Black people--segregation","Teachers--Certification"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.25 Cubic Feet 21 document boxes, 1 small oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["10.25 Cubic Feet 21 document boxes, 1 small oversize box"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charlottesville City Schools collection is arranged in three series: the first and largest series is the School Census Material (Boxes 1-16) and the second series is the School Board Account Books or ledgers (Boxes 17-20). The third series consists of Lists of Teachers, Minutes and Other Related Materials (Boxe 20-22).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe school census records were originally separated into Black student records and White student records and this order has been maintained. The records for Black children were originally labeled \"colored\" but the current term Black children has been substituted on the folder headings and in the description.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe School Board Account Books are foldered and arranged roughly in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third series is arranged alphabetically by folder title.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Charlottesville City Schools collection is arranged in three series: the first and largest series is the School Census Material (Boxes 1-16) and the second series is the School Board Account Books or ledgers (Boxes 17-20). The third series consists of Lists of Teachers, Minutes and Other Related Materials (Boxe 20-22).","The school census records were originally separated into Black student records and White student records and this order has been maintained. The records for Black children were originally labeled \"colored\" but the current term Black children has been substituted on the folder headings and in the description.","The School Board Account Books are foldered and arranged roughly in chronological order.","The third series is arranged alphabetically by folder title."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrank A. Massie was appointed Superintendent of Charlottesville City schools in 1892-1893 and some of the School Board Account Books overlap his time of service. James G. 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Johnson (1871-1957) became Superintendent of Charlottesville City Schools in 1909 and continued until his retirement in 1946 while the schools were still racially segregated.","Johnson was born in Elk Garden, Russell County, Virginia, later moving to Tennessee, where he attended Milligan College and taught for seven years in Tennessee. He then received his Master's (1906) and Ph.D. in English from the Univeristy of Virginia (1909). His father, Charles W. Johnson, had served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War and became a physician after attending one session at the University of Virginia School of Medicine."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references to outdated terminology for Black people and people with disabilities. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eBoxes 6-7: Damaged census cards were mended with Japanese paper and wheat starch paste and rehoused in folders. For more information please contact the conservation department, reference: FY24. elw for Sue Donovan 9/12/24\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","General"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains references to outdated terminology for Black people and people with disabilities. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","Boxes 6-7: Damaged census cards were mended with Japanese paper and wheat starch paste and rehoused in folders. For more information please contact the conservation department, reference: FY24. elw for Sue Donovan 9/12/24"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharlottesville City Schools Collection, 1890-1945, MSS 2486, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charlottesville City Schools Collection, 1890-1945, MSS 2486, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library,  Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes school census materials for the following years: 1910, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940. The census materials are separated into the categories of Black children, with the term \"colored\" used on the forms, and White children. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCensus materials may also include the child's name and birth date; the names, addresses and occupations of parents or guardians; the child's school attendance status and literacy level (e.g. \"unable to read\"); and a child's special needs (e.g. \"deaf,\" \"crippled,\" \"mental deficiency\").\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a list of teachers' certificates, 1914-1943, one volume; school board account books, 1891-1901 and 1908-1910; resident and non-resident summer school tuition books, 1907-1940, seven volumes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition, there are lists of teachers, alphabetical with dates of certificates, 1914-1915; by school, classes, etc., 1915-1916 minutes of Charlottesville Education Association, 1906-1910; minutes of Charlottesville Grammar School teachers, 1903-1909; miscellaneous materials on text books and other matters; suggestions by teachers in 1938 on employing the \"new curriculum\"; and school book lists, 1908-1941.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes school census materials for the following years: 1910, 1915, 1916, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935, 1940. The census materials are separated into the categories of Black children, with the term \"colored\" used on the forms, and White children.","Census materials may also include the child's name and birth date; the names, addresses and occupations of parents or guardians; the child's school attendance status and literacy level (e.g. \"unable to read\"); and a child's special needs (e.g. \"deaf,\" \"crippled,\" \"mental deficiency\").","The collection also includes a list of teachers' certificates, 1914-1943, one volume; school board account books, 1891-1901 and 1908-1910; resident and non-resident summer school tuition books, 1907-1940, seven volumes.","In addition, there are lists of teachers, alphabetical with dates of certificates, 1914-1915; by school, classes, etc., 1915-1916 minutes of Charlottesville Education Association, 1906-1910; minutes of Charlottesville Grammar School teachers, 1903-1909; miscellaneous materials on text books and other matters; suggestions by teachers in 1938 on employing the \"new curriculum\"; and school book lists, 1908-1941."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe printed item \"The Budget\" (1894 October 3 and 1895 January 19 issues) for the Midway School in Charlottesville, was transferred to Rare Books on February 21, 2022. It is catalogued as LD7501 .C4 B83 v. 1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The printed item \"The Budget\" (1894 October 3 and 1895 January 19 issues) for the Midway School in Charlottesville, was transferred to Rare Books on February 21, 2022. It is catalogued as LD7501 .C4 B83 v. 1."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":61,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1200"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Howard University student diary, 1915","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1674#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Langdon Manor Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1674#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a diary from an unknown female student attending Howard University in 1915. It measures 9 X 6 inches, and the pages are hole-punched and tied with a ribbon. The diary includes one tipped-in item and twenty-eight leaves with thirty-three of the pages written on. Most of the diary documents the last few days of May 1915, covering the writer's final days at Howard and reminiscing about her time at the university. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1674#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1674.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196791","title_filing_ssi":"Howard University student diary","title_ssm":["Howard University student diary"],"title_tesim":["Howard University student diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1915"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1915"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Howard University student diary, 1915"],"text":["Howard University student diary, 1915","MSS 16847","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1674","African American students","African American women","diaries","The diary belongs to an unidentified African American female student at Howard University in 1915. She writes about her friend or possibly boyfriend, Jesse S. Heslip, who later becomes an attorney and the president of the National Bar Association.","(The National Bar Association was founded in 1925 and is the nation's oldest and largest national network of predominantly African-American attorneys and judges. It represents the interests of approximately 65,000 lawyers, judges, law professors and law students.The NBA is organized around 23 substantive law sections, 9 divisions, 12 regions and 80 affiliate chapters throughout the United States and around the world.The objectives of the National Bar Association \"…shall be to advance the science of jurisprudence; improve the administration of justice; preserve the independence of the judiciary and to uphold the honor and integrity of the legal profession; to promote professional and social intercourse among the members of the American and the international bars; to promote legislation that will improve the economic condition of all American citizens, regardless of race, sex or creed in their efforts to secure a free and untrammeled use of the franchise guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States; and to protect the civil and political rights of the citizens and residents of the United States.\")","The handwritten diary entries also describe her activities at Howard University and her admiration for Jesse Heslip (\"Jess Hess\")","Sources:\nNational Bar Association website. Accessed 7/12/2024.\nhttps://members.nationalbar.org/NBAR/NBAR/content/about.aspx","This collection contains a diary from an unknown female student attending Howard University in 1915. It measures 9 X 6 inches, and the pages are hole-punched and tied with a ribbon. The diary includes one tipped-in item and twenty-eight leaves with thirty-three of the pages written on.  Most of the diary documents the last few days of May 1915, covering the writer's final days at Howard and reminiscing about her time at the university.","She discusses attending the annual play by Howard's dramatic club, a version of \"The Merchant of Venice,\"  watching a tennis tournament, dancing, and going to nightclubs where her friends would sing and play music. She also discusses her classes and preparing for exams.","The diary mentions \"Mary Terrell\" more than once, but her interactions were not with Mary Church Terrell, the civil rights activist and journalist, but with a niece who shared the same first and last name.","The diarist mentions her friendship and admiration of Jesse S. Heslip, sometimes called \" Jess Hess\" in the diary. The writer describes letters and times they shared, such as going to Capitol Hill to hear Congressman Martin Madden speak. Laid into the diary is ephemera announcing \"Why Some Are Voting For Heslip.\"   Heslip, who, after graduating from Howard in 1917, would serve on the national legal committee of the NAACP, become president of the National Black Bar Association and petition Congress to establish training camps for Black soldiers at the onset of the Second World War. Later entries in the diary (June-August 1915) place the writer in Brooklyn, New York.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Howard University","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Howard University student diary, 1915"],"collection_ssim":["Howard University student diary, 1915"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16847","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1674"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16847","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1674"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Langdon Manor Books"],"creator_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Langdon Manor by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 23 February 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American students","African American women","diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American students","African American women","diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet One letter-size file folder"],"genreform_ssim":["diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1915],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diary belongs to an unidentified African American female student at Howard University in 1915. She writes about her friend or possibly boyfriend, Jesse S. Heslip, who later becomes an attorney and the president of the National Bar Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(The National Bar Association was founded in 1925 and is the nation's oldest and largest national network of predominantly African-American attorneys and judges. It represents the interests of approximately 65,000 lawyers, judges, law professors and law students.The NBA is organized around 23 substantive law sections, 9 divisions, 12 regions and 80 affiliate chapters throughout the United States and around the world.The objectives of the National Bar Association \"…shall be to advance the science of jurisprudence; improve the administration of justice; preserve the independence of the judiciary and to uphold the honor and integrity of the legal profession; to promote professional and social intercourse among the members of the American and the international bars; to promote legislation that will improve the economic condition of all American citizens, regardless of race, sex or creed in their efforts to secure a free and untrammeled use of the franchise guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States; and to protect the civil and political rights of the citizens and residents of the United States.\")\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe handwritten diary entries also describe her activities at Howard University and her admiration for Jesse Heslip (\"Jess Hess\")\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nNational Bar Association website. Accessed 7/12/2024.\nhttps://members.nationalbar.org/NBAR/NBAR/content/about.aspx\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The diary belongs to an unidentified African American female student at Howard University in 1915. She writes about her friend or possibly boyfriend, Jesse S. Heslip, who later becomes an attorney and the president of the National Bar Association.","(The National Bar Association was founded in 1925 and is the nation's oldest and largest national network of predominantly African-American attorneys and judges. It represents the interests of approximately 65,000 lawyers, judges, law professors and law students.The NBA is organized around 23 substantive law sections, 9 divisions, 12 regions and 80 affiliate chapters throughout the United States and around the world.The objectives of the National Bar Association \"…shall be to advance the science of jurisprudence; improve the administration of justice; preserve the independence of the judiciary and to uphold the honor and integrity of the legal profession; to promote professional and social intercourse among the members of the American and the international bars; to promote legislation that will improve the economic condition of all American citizens, regardless of race, sex or creed in their efforts to secure a free and untrammeled use of the franchise guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States; and to protect the civil and political rights of the citizens and residents of the United States.\")","The handwritten diary entries also describe her activities at Howard University and her admiration for Jesse Heslip (\"Jess Hess\")","Sources:\nNational Bar Association website. Accessed 7/12/2024.\nhttps://members.nationalbar.org/NBAR/NBAR/content/about.aspx"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16847, Howard University student diary, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16847, Howard University student diary, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a diary from an unknown female student attending Howard University in 1915. It measures 9 X 6 inches, and the pages are hole-punched and tied with a ribbon. The diary includes one tipped-in item and twenty-eight leaves with thirty-three of the pages written on.  Most of the diary documents the last few days of May 1915, covering the writer's final days at Howard and reminiscing about her time at the university. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe discusses attending the annual play by Howard's dramatic club, a version of \"The Merchant of Venice,\"  watching a tennis tournament, dancing, and going to nightclubs where her friends would sing and play music. She also discusses her classes and preparing for exams. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary mentions \"Mary Terrell\" more than once, but her interactions were not with Mary Church Terrell, the civil rights activist and journalist, but with a niece who shared the same first and last name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diarist mentions her friendship and admiration of Jesse S. Heslip, sometimes called \" Jess Hess\" in the diary. The writer describes letters and times they shared, such as going to Capitol Hill to hear Congressman Martin Madden speak. Laid into the diary is ephemera announcing \"Why Some Are Voting For Heslip.\"   Heslip, who, after graduating from Howard in 1917, would serve on the national legal committee of the NAACP, become president of the National Black Bar Association and petition Congress to establish training camps for Black soldiers at the onset of the Second World War. Later entries in the diary (June-August 1915) place the writer in Brooklyn, New York.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a diary from an unknown female student attending Howard University in 1915. It measures 9 X 6 inches, and the pages are hole-punched and tied with a ribbon. The diary includes one tipped-in item and twenty-eight leaves with thirty-three of the pages written on.  Most of the diary documents the last few days of May 1915, covering the writer's final days at Howard and reminiscing about her time at the university.","She discusses attending the annual play by Howard's dramatic club, a version of \"The Merchant of Venice,\"  watching a tennis tournament, dancing, and going to nightclubs where her friends would sing and play music. She also discusses her classes and preparing for exams.","The diary mentions \"Mary Terrell\" more than once, but her interactions were not with Mary Church Terrell, the civil rights activist and journalist, but with a niece who shared the same first and last name.","The diarist mentions her friendship and admiration of Jesse S. Heslip, sometimes called \" Jess Hess\" in the diary. The writer describes letters and times they shared, such as going to Capitol Hill to hear Congressman Martin Madden speak. Laid into the diary is ephemera announcing \"Why Some Are Voting For Heslip.\"   Heslip, who, after graduating from Howard in 1917, would serve on the national legal committee of the NAACP, become president of the National Black Bar Association and petition Congress to establish training camps for Black soldiers at the onset of the Second World War. Later entries in the diary (June-August 1915) place the writer in Brooklyn, New York."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1674","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1674.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196791","title_filing_ssi":"Howard University student diary","title_ssm":["Howard University student diary"],"title_tesim":["Howard University student diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1915"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1915"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1915"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Howard University student diary, 1915"],"text":["Howard University student diary, 1915","MSS 16847","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1674","African American students","African American women","diaries","The diary belongs to an unidentified African American female student at Howard University in 1915. 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It represents the interests of approximately 65,000 lawyers, judges, law professors and law students.The NBA is organized around 23 substantive law sections, 9 divisions, 12 regions and 80 affiliate chapters throughout the United States and around the world.The objectives of the National Bar Association \"…shall be to advance the science of jurisprudence; improve the administration of justice; preserve the independence of the judiciary and to uphold the honor and integrity of the legal profession; to promote professional and social intercourse among the members of the American and the international bars; to promote legislation that will improve the economic condition of all American citizens, regardless of race, sex or creed in their efforts to secure a free and untrammeled use of the franchise guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States; and to protect the civil and political rights of the citizens and residents of the United States.\")","The handwritten diary entries also describe her activities at Howard University and her admiration for Jesse Heslip (\"Jess Hess\")","Sources:\nNational Bar Association website. 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She also discusses her classes and preparing for exams.","The diary mentions \"Mary Terrell\" more than once, but her interactions were not with Mary Church Terrell, the civil rights activist and journalist, but with a niece who shared the same first and last name.","The diarist mentions her friendship and admiration of Jesse S. Heslip, sometimes called \" Jess Hess\" in the diary. The writer describes letters and times they shared, such as going to Capitol Hill to hear Congressman Martin Madden speak. Laid into the diary is ephemera announcing \"Why Some Are Voting For Heslip.\"   Heslip, who, after graduating from Howard in 1917, would serve on the national legal committee of the NAACP, become president of the National Black Bar Association and petition Congress to establish training camps for Black soldiers at the onset of the Second World War. 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She writes about her friend or possibly boyfriend, Jesse S. Heslip, who later becomes an attorney and the president of the National Bar Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(The National Bar Association was founded in 1925 and is the nation's oldest and largest national network of predominantly African-American attorneys and judges. It represents the interests of approximately 65,000 lawyers, judges, law professors and law students.The NBA is organized around 23 substantive law sections, 9 divisions, 12 regions and 80 affiliate chapters throughout the United States and around the world.The objectives of the National Bar Association \"…shall be to advance the science of jurisprudence; improve the administration of justice; preserve the independence of the judiciary and to uphold the honor and integrity of the legal profession; to promote professional and social intercourse among the members of the American and the international bars; to promote legislation that will improve the economic condition of all American citizens, regardless of race, sex or creed in their efforts to secure a free and untrammeled use of the franchise guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States; and to protect the civil and political rights of the citizens and residents of the United States.\")\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe handwritten diary entries also describe her activities at Howard University and her admiration for Jesse Heslip (\"Jess Hess\")\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nNational Bar Association website. 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It represents the interests of approximately 65,000 lawyers, judges, law professors and law students.The NBA is organized around 23 substantive law sections, 9 divisions, 12 regions and 80 affiliate chapters throughout the United States and around the world.The objectives of the National Bar Association \"…shall be to advance the science of jurisprudence; improve the administration of justice; preserve the independence of the judiciary and to uphold the honor and integrity of the legal profession; to promote professional and social intercourse among the members of the American and the international bars; to promote legislation that will improve the economic condition of all American citizens, regardless of race, sex or creed in their efforts to secure a free and untrammeled use of the franchise guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States; and to protect the civil and political rights of the citizens and residents of the United States.\")","The handwritten diary entries also describe her activities at Howard University and her admiration for Jesse Heslip (\"Jess Hess\")","Sources:\nNational Bar Association website. 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Laid into the diary is ephemera announcing \"Why Some Are Voting For Heslip.\"   Heslip, who, after graduating from Howard in 1917, would serve on the national legal committee of the NAACP, become president of the National Black Bar Association and petition Congress to establish training camps for Black soldiers at the onset of the Second World War. Later entries in the diary (June-August 1915) place the writer in Brooklyn, New York."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","Howard University"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1674"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1502","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Leonard H. 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Through the album, it is clear that the two worlds were kept separate, and his ability to pass as white leads to his changing racial self-identification-- in census records and other documents would self-identify as Black, \"Mulatto\", and White. Robinson attended Ohio Northern's Pharmacy program in 1920 and graduated in 1921.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1502#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1502","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1502","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1502","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1502","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1502.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189187","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Leonard H. memories photo album","title_ssm":["Leonard H. Robinson memories photo album"],"title_tesim":["Leonard H. 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Leonard's 1990 obituary names him as a graduate of Ohio Northern University's Pharmacy program in 1921, where he appears to have been the only Black student in his class. Robinson's interest in the field of pharmacy started in his youth.","Comments made by Leonard Robinson in his photo album point to the discrimination that he experienced as a Black person. One caption reads (underlined) \"Look us over carefully.\" The album is an important document and is worthy of further study.","This collection contains one photo album documenting the late adolescence and early adult years of Leonard H. Robinson from 1913 to 1919. Robinson, a Black man, was born and raised in Ohio. Robinson was light-skinned, which allowed him to be a part of the black and white communities of Marietta, Ohio, where he was raised, and his life in Akron, Ohio, where he lived for a short time. 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Robinson was born to a Black mother (Maude, born 1879) and an unidentified father near Washington Court House, Ohio on June 7, 1898. Maude's 1900 census record lists her occupation as \"Servant\" and includes her two sons, Leo and Leonard. The brothers were raised in Marietta, Ohio by an an aunt and Uncle: A. C. and Nettie Alford (both Black). Leo was clearly light skinned which allowed him to move more freely between the white and Black communities of the small city. He had friendships with adults and young people alike in both races. The two social lives rarely, if ever intersected- a fact Leonard understood.","Leonard attended Marietta High School and played on a segregated high school football team, where he was passing as white. He briefly moved to Akron and lived in a seemingly all-white boarding house.","Leonard's ability to pass as white is reflected in his gradually changing racial self-identification. His birth record, 1910 census entry, and his WWI draft card list his race as \"Negro.\" On the 1920 census, he called himself, \"Mulatto.\" In all documentation beginning with his 1921 marriage certificate in Coldwater, Michigan, he lists his race as \"White.\" His wife, Ruth Irene Mushaw shows an almost identical racial background as Leonard. The couple identified themselves as \"White\" and eloped in 1921. She was also raised in a Black family and was identifying as white on her records. She was also a student at Ohio Northern University. Leonard's 1990 obituary names him as a graduate of Ohio Northern University's Pharmacy program in 1921, where he appears to have been the only Black student in his class. Robinson's interest in the field of pharmacy started in his youth."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eComments made by Leonard Robinson in his photo album point to the discrimination that he experienced as a Black person. 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Robinson, a Black man, was born and raised in Ohio. Robinson was light-skinned, which allowed him to be a part of the black and white communities of Marietta, Ohio, where he was raised, and his life in Akron, Ohio, where he lived for a short time. The album documents himself and his life, including pictures of his family and friends of both races, him as a player on a segregated football team, and shows his interest in pharmacies. Through the album, it is clear that the two worlds were kept separate, and his ability to pass as white leads to his changing racial self-identification-- in census records and other documents would self-identify as Black, \"Mulatto\", and White. 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Leo was clearly light skinned which allowed him to move more freely between the white and Black communities of the small city. He had friendships with adults and young people alike in both races. The two social lives rarely, if ever intersected- a fact Leonard understood.","Leonard attended Marietta High School and played on a segregated high school football team, where he was passing as white. He briefly moved to Akron and lived in a seemingly all-white boarding house.","Leonard's ability to pass as white is reflected in his gradually changing racial self-identification. His birth record, 1910 census entry, and his WWI draft card list his race as \"Negro.\" On the 1920 census, he called himself, \"Mulatto.\" In all documentation beginning with his 1921 marriage certificate in Coldwater, Michigan, he lists his race as \"White.\" His wife, Ruth Irene Mushaw shows an almost identical racial background as Leonard. The couple identified themselves as \"White\" and eloped in 1921. She was also raised in a Black family and was identifying as white on her records. She was also a student at Ohio Northern University. Leonard's 1990 obituary names him as a graduate of Ohio Northern University's Pharmacy program in 1921, where he appears to have been the only Black student in his class. Robinson's interest in the field of pharmacy started in his youth.","Comments made by Leonard Robinson in his photo album point to the discrimination that he experienced as a Black person. One caption reads (underlined) \"Look us over carefully.\" The album is an important document and is worthy of further study.","This collection contains one photo album documenting the late adolescence and early adult years of Leonard H. Robinson from 1913 to 1919. Robinson, a Black man, was born and raised in Ohio. Robinson was light-skinned, which allowed him to be a part of the black and white communities of Marietta, Ohio, where he was raised, and his life in Akron, Ohio, where he lived for a short time. The album documents himself and his life, including pictures of his family and friends of both races, him as a player on a segregated football team, and shows his interest in pharmacies. Through the album, it is clear that the two worlds were kept separate, and his ability to pass as white leads to his changing racial self-identification-- in census records and other documents would self-identify as Black, \"Mulatto\", and White. Robinson attended Ohio Northern's Pharmacy program in 1920 and graduated in 1921.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Leonard H.,  1898-1990","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Leonard H. Robinson memories photo album, 1913/1919"],"collection_ssim":["Leonard H. 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Robinson was born to a Black mother (Maude, born 1879) and an unidentified father near Washington Court House, Ohio on June 7, 1898. Maude's 1900 census record lists her occupation as \"Servant\" and includes her two sons, Leo and Leonard. The brothers were raised in Marietta, Ohio by an an aunt and Uncle: A. C. and Nettie Alford (both Black). Leo was clearly light skinned which allowed him to move more freely between the white and Black communities of the small city. He had friendships with adults and young people alike in both races. The two social lives rarely, if ever intersected- a fact Leonard understood.","Leonard attended Marietta High School and played on a segregated high school football team, where he was passing as white. He briefly moved to Akron and lived in a seemingly all-white boarding house.","Leonard's ability to pass as white is reflected in his gradually changing racial self-identification. 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