{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+soldiers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1739#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Max Rambod","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1739#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. 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Included are images taken in Germany; destroyed enemy equipment; a group of German POWs aboard a truck unceremoniously entitled \"a pack of krauts;\" and a series of images collectively titled \"going home\" depicting Butler's long journey back to the United States, which may have been Cincinati, Ohio.","The photographs most heavily depict the downtime of American soldiers, with subjects commonly posing in their uniforms with each other and civilians.","The pictures, primarily of African American soldiers, show the United States military's policy of segregation during World War II.","Also included are photographs of post-war life, including a large format family portrait, photographs of friends, family, and children, and an image of a man, likely Ernest, holding a captured German K95 Mauser Rifle.","There are also three Army insignia indicating the United States 1st and 7th Army, and one with four Overseas Bars that indicate two years of military service overseas.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Butler, Ernest"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Butler, Ernest","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 21 August 2024. The bookseller noted that the consignor relates that the album was acquired from a Cleveland, Ohio estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet One custom made flat box (medium)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet One custom made flat box (medium)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16875, Ernest Butler photograph album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16875, Ernest Butler photograph album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. 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Included are images taken in Germany; destroyed enemy equipment; a group of German POWs aboard a truck unceremoniously entitled \"a pack of krauts;\" and a series of images collectively titled \"going home\" depicting Butler's long journey back to the United States, which may have been Cincinati, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs most heavily depict the downtime of American soldiers, with subjects commonly posing in their uniforms with each other and civilians. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures, primarily of African American soldiers, show the United States military's policy of segregation during World War II.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso included are photographs of post-war life, including a large format family portrait, photographs of friends, family, and children, and an image of a man, likely Ernest, holding a captured German K95 Mauser Rifle. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also three Army insignia indicating the United States 1st and 7th Army, and one with four Overseas Bars that indicate two years of military service overseas. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. 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Included are images taken in Germany; destroyed enemy equipment; a group of German POWs aboard a truck unceremoniously entitled \"a pack of krauts;\" and a series of images collectively titled \"going home\" depicting Butler's long journey back to the United States, which may have been Cincinati, Ohio.","The photographs most heavily depict the downtime of American soldiers, with subjects commonly posing in their uniforms with each other and civilians.","The pictures, primarily of African American soldiers, show the United States military's policy of segregation during World War II.","Also included are photographs of post-war life, including a large format family portrait, photographs of friends, family, and children, and an image of a man, likely Ernest, holding a captured German K95 Mauser Rifle.","There are also three Army insignia indicating the United States 1st and 7th Army, and one with four Overseas Bars that indicate two years of military service overseas."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"names_coll_ssim":["Max Rambod"],"persname_ssim":["Butler, Ernest"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:48.019Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1739","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1739.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/212833","title_filing_ssi":"Butler, Ernest, photograph album","title_ssm":["Ernest Butler photograph album"],"title_tesim":["Ernest Butler photograph album"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1942-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1942-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"text":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945","MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739","African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. 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Included are images taken in Germany; destroyed enemy equipment; a group of German POWs aboard a truck unceremoniously entitled \"a pack of krauts;\" and a series of images collectively titled \"going home\" depicting Butler's long journey back to the United States, which may have been Cincinati, Ohio.","The photographs most heavily depict the downtime of American soldiers, with subjects commonly posing in their uniforms with each other and civilians.","The pictures, primarily of African American soldiers, show the United States military's policy of segregation during World War II.","Also included are photographs of post-war life, including a large format family portrait, photographs of friends, family, and children, and an image of a man, likely Ernest, holding a captured German K95 Mauser Rifle.","There are also three Army insignia indicating the United States 1st and 7th Army, and one with four Overseas Bars that indicate two years of military service overseas.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Butler photograph album, 1942/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16875","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1739"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest"],"creator_ssim":["Max Rambod","Butler, Ernest"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Butler, Ernest"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"creators_ssim":["Butler, Ernest","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Max Rambod"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Max Rambod Books to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 21 August 2024. The bookseller noted that the consignor relates that the album was acquired from a Cleveland, Ohio estate."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Photography"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet One custom made flat box (medium)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet One custom made flat box (medium)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16875, Ernest Butler photograph album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16875, Ernest Butler photograph album, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. 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Included are images taken in Germany; destroyed enemy equipment; a group of German POWs aboard a truck unceremoniously entitled \"a pack of krauts;\" and a series of images collectively titled \"going home\" depicting Butler's long journey back to the United States, which may have been Cincinati, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs most heavily depict the downtime of American soldiers, with subjects commonly posing in their uniforms with each other and civilians. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pictures, primarily of African American soldiers, show the United States military's policy of segregation during World War II.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso included are photographs of post-war life, including a large format family portrait, photographs of friends, family, and children, and an image of a man, likely Ernest, holding a captured German K95 Mauser Rifle. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also three Army insignia indicating the United States 1st and 7th Army, and one with four Overseas Bars that indicate two years of military service overseas. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the photograph album of Ernest Butler, a United States Army soldier who served in Germany during the Second World War. 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Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1652#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1652#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1652.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196556","title_filing_ssi":"Davis, Herbert R., photograph albums","title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"text":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950","MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652","Richmond (Va.)","African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's.","Many of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Langdon Manor by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 7 February 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16840, Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16840, Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's.","Many of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1652.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196556","title_filing_ssi":"Davis, Herbert R., photograph albums","title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1930-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1930/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"text":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950","MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652","Richmond (Va.)","African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean","The collection is open for research use.","This collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's.","Many of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, 1930/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16840","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1652"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Langdon Manor by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 7 February 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American soldiers","World War, 1939-1945 -- Participation, African American","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Pacific Ocean"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet Two custom made medium oversize flat boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16840, Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16840, Herbert R. Davis photograph albums, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains two photo albums of Herbert R. Davis of Richmond, Virginia that document Black pre-World War II life in Richmond; Davis's service in the South Pacific (Guam, Guadalco, and Peleliu) as a Black Marine; and Davis's family life upon his return from combat during the early 1930's to the late 1940's.","Many of Davis's fellow soldiers in the 11th Marine Depot Company, 16th Field Depot are posed in photographs. The 11th Company, who fought at the Battle of Peleliu,  had the heaviest casualty rate of any Black marine unit in the war. However, the majority of the photographs document African American communities in pre and post-war Richmond. Included are shots of Davis with friends and family, as well as studio and arcade portraits. They include street scenes, Black parades, including the African American Women's Army Corps (WAC), and sporting events. About twenty images depict segregation, with two images that include businesses with signs for \"Coloreds\" or \"Whites\"  and others that include a segregated beach.","When the 1st Marine Division, on 15 September 1944, attacked the heavily defended island of Peleliu in the Palau group, the 16th Field Depot supported the assault troops. The field depot included two African-American units, the 11th Marine Depot Company and the 7th Marine Ammunition Company. The 11th Marine Depot Company responded beyond the call of duty and paid the price, 17 wounded, the highest casualty rate of any company of African-American Marines during the entire war. Major General William H. Rupertus, who commanded the 1st Marine Division, sent identical letters of commendation to the commanders of both companies, praising the Black Marines for their \"whole hearted cooperation and untiring efforts\" which \"demonstrated in every respect\" that they \"appreciate the privilege of wearing a Marine uniform and serving with Marines in combat.\"","The album contains photographs of Herbert Davis and other marines holding guns in Peleliu, Palau.","The two albums contain seventy-one leaves with 324 black and white photographs and fourteen color photographs. 134 are hinged mounted, while the rest are corner mounted or tipped in. Some of the photographs contain captions. Many pages have missing photographs.","Source:\nNalty, Bernard, C. \"The Right to Fight: African-American Marines in World War II\" Commemorative Series produced by the Marine Corps History and Museums Division\nhttps://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/npswapa/extcontent/usmc/pcn-190-003132-00/sec10.htm"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1652"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Madeleine Coleman Roach papers, 1942/1945","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1733#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1733#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references to offensive and harmful language and crimes involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1733#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1733.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/212805","title_filing_ssi":"Roach, Madeleine Coleman papers","title_ssm":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers"],"title_tesim":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers, 1942/1945"],"text":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers, 1942/1945","MSS 16869","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1733","African American women","African American soldiers","The collection is open for research use.","Corporal Madeleine Coleman Roach, a South Ozone Park resident of Queens, New York and a member of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — an all-female and predominantly African-American women in the Army Corps — during World War II. Coleman enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943,began active service in September 1943. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945 and becoming one of the 855 women in the Triple Six Eight.","Madeleine Coleman was originally from a farm in Milstead, Alabama but was sent to New York by one of her aunts from South Carolina, who moved to Harlem. Prior to enlisting, she met John Roach, in the late 1930s at the Harlem Evening High School. He signed up for the armed services, as a Technical Sargent and stenographer in the 67th regiment stationed in England and France. She decided to sign up as well.  While Madeleine had an active social life in the Service Club and dated a lot, she knew that he would be the one man for her. They were married in Rouen, France in 1945 after the mail was cleared and she had sailed on the [RMS] Queens Elizabeth to Le Havre France where the 6888 cleared up more backlogs of mail.","The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion was tasked with catching up a two-year backlog of 17 million pieces of mail, which left people in the military with low morale. The battalion consisted of stenographers, postal clerks and others who tracked, redirected and investigated mail in cold, dark and rat-infested warehouses with a six-month deadline. They encountered both racism and sexism from fellow American service members, according to multiple historical reports. However they created a mailing system and completed the task in half the time.","Her journey began on the SS Ile de France where there were air raids.\nAccording to historical accounts, the women felt hoodwinked when they initially joined up to serve their country only to be tasked with manual labor.","Once civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune got the support of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the women were shipped off on February 3, 1945 and took a train to Birmingham, England, where they fixed the dilapidated former King Edward's School, which became their base, as seen in \"The Six Triple Eight\" war drama directed by Tyler Perry and streamed on Netflix.","Madeleine Coleman Roach became a secretary at the Woodrow Wilson Vocational School, which is called August Martin High School, and John Roach was employed at the Post office. Madeleine Roach also graduated with honors as an African-American Studies major in the early 1980s at York College.","Source:\nRose, Naeisha. \"Remembering a 6888 Veteran\". Queens Chronicle. Queens New York. 13 February 2025. Accessed 2/25/25\nhttps://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/remembering-a-6888-veteran/article_0ef47078-4275-5df5-ae74-4fb5f9c1e9f3.html","This material contains references to offensive and harmful language and crimes involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains photographs, diaries, a memory book, a prayer book, witness reports, scrapbook pages, photographs, certificates, newsletters, telegrams, menus, and ephemera belonging to Madeleine Coleman Roach during her service in the U.S. Women's Army Corps in the Second World War.","Of historical significance, Coleman was among the 855 Black women who served overseas in the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion in England and France who were hired to clear up the backlog of mail to the World War II soldiers and officers.","Coleman was from New York City and enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943. She entered active service in September 1943 and was promoted to Corporal. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945. Included is her Separation Qualification Record proving that she served overseas in England and France with the 6888th Postal Directory Service. Included is a photograph of her commanding officer Colonel Charity Adams.","Her wartime diary features excerpts from her daily life in training, office and field work in the Army from 1943-1944. She writes about her exhaustion from overworking, her anxieties about army inspections,her private thoughts on the harsh treatment of Black women in the Corps, most especially during her time in Alabama. She also writes about her boyfriend, John Roach who was also in the Army. In addition to her duties, she describes her social life of dates and dances in the Service Club. The diary does not describe her work overseas in England and France in the 6888th Postal Service Directory. She would marry her boyfriend and fellow soldier, John Roach, while abroad in Roen, France.","She also describes her experiences with racism in the southern culture at Camp Sibert, Alabama, particularly from white women or as she called them, Southern crackers. She also describes the discrimination against women in the service. She encourages herself with endearing sayings such as \"what's next for you little girl\".","Of interest is an entry in her diary where she mentions that she had witnessed girls in the army who were in love with each other. She recorded that she never would have known about women having intimate relationships with women if it had not been for the army.","There are about thirty-five photos depicting Madeleine's service, showing women in uniform, many in Rouen and the French Riviera, and an identification photograph from her time as a hostess for the Harlem Defense Recreation Center. There are also documents of John Roach's military service in Texas, Italy, and at army bases in the South Pacific.","Coleman's \"Memory Book\" discusses the locations of her army service and her thoughts on the various places she lived and worked during her war. It includes signatures and messages from fellow soldiers.","Of particular note are three leaves of typescript, two of which are signed by WAC members. They contain the witness statements of Privates Roberta McKenzie and Gladys Blackmon and detail the abuse suffered at the hands of the police when they refused to give up their seats at the back of the bus for white people. The incident was referenced in a 1947 United States Senate hearing on the treatment of Black military members.","There are two complete and four partial issues of the camp newsletter \"Special Delivery\", which was created by the women of the 6888th Central Post Battalian in France. There are two 6888th church services programs, and a 1944 Thanksgiving menu from Camp Sibert, Alabama. Under miscellaneous there are some shorthand exams that Madeleine Coleman passed. She and her husband were stenographers during the war.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps","Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers, 1942/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers, 1942/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16869","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1733"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16869","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1733"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-","Langdon Manor Books"],"creator_ssim":["Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-","Langdon Manor Books"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps"],"creators_ssim":["Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Langdon Manor to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 18 September 2024"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American women","African American soldiers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American women","African American soldiers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".58 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 Oversize Folder (Small, OS S)"],"extent_tesim":[".58 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 Oversize Folder (Small, OS S)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorporal Madeleine Coleman Roach, a South Ozone Park resident of Queens, New York and a member of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — an all-female and predominantly African-American women in the Army Corps — during World War II. Coleman enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943,began active service in September 1943. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945 and becoming one of the 855 women in the Triple Six Eight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMadeleine Coleman was originally from a farm in Milstead, Alabama but was sent to New York by one of her aunts from South Carolina, who moved to Harlem. Prior to enlisting, she met John Roach, in the late 1930s at the Harlem Evening High School. He signed up for the armed services, as a Technical Sargent and stenographer in the 67th regiment stationed in England and France. She decided to sign up as well.  While Madeleine had an active social life in the Service Club and dated a lot, she knew that he would be the one man for her. They were married in Rouen, France in 1945 after the mail was cleared and she had sailed on the [RMS] Queens Elizabeth to Le Havre France where the 6888 cleared up more backlogs of mail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion was tasked with catching up a two-year backlog of 17 million pieces of mail, which left people in the military with low morale. The battalion consisted of stenographers, postal clerks and others who tracked, redirected and investigated mail in cold, dark and rat-infested warehouses with a six-month deadline. They encountered both racism and sexism from fellow American service members, according to multiple historical reports. However they created a mailing system and completed the task in half the time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHer journey began on the SS Ile de France where there were air raids.\nAccording to historical accounts, the women felt hoodwinked when they initially joined up to serve their country only to be tasked with manual labor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnce civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune got the support of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the women were shipped off on February 3, 1945 and took a train to Birmingham, England, where they fixed the dilapidated former King Edward's School, which became their base, as seen in \"The Six Triple Eight\" war drama directed by Tyler Perry and streamed on Netflix.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMadeleine Coleman Roach became a secretary at the Woodrow Wilson Vocational School, which is called August Martin High School, and John Roach was employed at the Post office. Madeleine Roach also graduated with honors as an African-American Studies major in the early 1980s at York College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nRose, Naeisha. \"Remembering a 6888 Veteran\". Queens Chronicle. Queens New York. 13 February 2025. Accessed 2/25/25\nhttps://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/remembering-a-6888-veteran/article_0ef47078-4275-5df5-ae74-4fb5f9c1e9f3.html\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Corporal Madeleine Coleman Roach, a South Ozone Park resident of Queens, New York and a member of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — an all-female and predominantly African-American women in the Army Corps — during World War II. Coleman enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943,began active service in September 1943. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945 and becoming one of the 855 women in the Triple Six Eight.","Madeleine Coleman was originally from a farm in Milstead, Alabama but was sent to New York by one of her aunts from South Carolina, who moved to Harlem. Prior to enlisting, she met John Roach, in the late 1930s at the Harlem Evening High School. He signed up for the armed services, as a Technical Sargent and stenographer in the 67th regiment stationed in England and France. She decided to sign up as well.  While Madeleine had an active social life in the Service Club and dated a lot, she knew that he would be the one man for her. They were married in Rouen, France in 1945 after the mail was cleared and she had sailed on the [RMS] Queens Elizabeth to Le Havre France where the 6888 cleared up more backlogs of mail.","The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion was tasked with catching up a two-year backlog of 17 million pieces of mail, which left people in the military with low morale. The battalion consisted of stenographers, postal clerks and others who tracked, redirected and investigated mail in cold, dark and rat-infested warehouses with a six-month deadline. They encountered both racism and sexism from fellow American service members, according to multiple historical reports. However they created a mailing system and completed the task in half the time.","Her journey began on the SS Ile de France where there were air raids.\nAccording to historical accounts, the women felt hoodwinked when they initially joined up to serve their country only to be tasked with manual labor.","Once civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune got the support of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the women were shipped off on February 3, 1945 and took a train to Birmingham, England, where they fixed the dilapidated former King Edward's School, which became their base, as seen in \"The Six Triple Eight\" war drama directed by Tyler Perry and streamed on Netflix.","Madeleine Coleman Roach became a secretary at the Woodrow Wilson Vocational School, which is called August Martin High School, and John Roach was employed at the Post office. Madeleine Roach also graduated with honors as an African-American Studies major in the early 1980s at York College.","Source:\nRose, Naeisha. \"Remembering a 6888 Veteran\". Queens Chronicle. Queens New York. 13 February 2025. Accessed 2/25/25\nhttps://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/remembering-a-6888-veteran/article_0ef47078-4275-5df5-ae74-4fb5f9c1e9f3.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16869, Madeleine Coleman papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16869, Madeleine Coleman papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references to offensive and harmful language and crimes involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photographs, diaries, a memory book, a prayer book, witness reports, scrapbook pages, photographs, certificates, newsletters, telegrams, menus, and ephemera belonging to Madeleine Coleman Roach during her service in the U.S. Women's Army Corps in the Second World War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf historical significance, Coleman was among the 855 Black women who served overseas in the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion in England and France who were hired to clear up the backlog of mail to the World War II soldiers and officers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColeman was from New York City and enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943. She entered active service in September 1943 and was promoted to Corporal. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945. Included is her Separation Qualification Record proving that she served overseas in England and France with the 6888th Postal Directory Service. Included is a photograph of her commanding officer Colonel Charity Adams.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer wartime diary features excerpts from her daily life in training, office and field work in the Army from 1943-1944. She writes about her exhaustion from overworking, her anxieties about army inspections,her private thoughts on the harsh treatment of Black women in the Corps, most especially during her time in Alabama. She also writes about her boyfriend, John Roach who was also in the Army. In addition to her duties, she describes her social life of dates and dances in the Service Club. The diary does not describe her work overseas in England and France in the 6888th Postal Service Directory. She would marry her boyfriend and fellow soldier, John Roach, while abroad in Roen, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe also describes her experiences with racism in the southern culture at Camp Sibert, Alabama, particularly from white women or as she called them, Southern crackers. She also describes the discrimination against women in the service. She encourages herself with endearing sayings such as \"what's next for you little girl\". \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf interest is an entry in her diary where she mentions that she had witnessed girls in the army who were in love with each other. She recorded that she never would have known about women having intimate relationships with women if it had not been for the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are about thirty-five photos depicting Madeleine's service, showing women in uniform, many in Rouen and the French Riviera, and an identification photograph from her time as a hostess for the Harlem Defense Recreation Center. There are also documents of John Roach's military service in Texas, Italy, and at army bases in the South Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColeman's \"Memory Book\" discusses the locations of her army service and her thoughts on the various places she lived and worked during her war. It includes signatures and messages from fellow soldiers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \nOf particular note are three leaves of typescript, two of which are signed by WAC members. They contain the witness statements of Privates Roberta McKenzie and Gladys Blackmon and detail the abuse suffered at the hands of the police when they refused to give up their seats at the back of the bus for white people. The incident was referenced in a 1947 United States Senate hearing on the treatment of Black military members. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are two complete and four partial issues of the camp newsletter \"Special Delivery\", which was created by the women of the 6888th Central Post Battalian in France. There are two 6888th church services programs, and a 1944 Thanksgiving menu from Camp Sibert, Alabama. Under miscellaneous there are some shorthand exams that Madeleine Coleman passed. She and her husband were stenographers during the war. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This material contains references to offensive and harmful language and crimes involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains photographs, diaries, a memory book, a prayer book, witness reports, scrapbook pages, photographs, certificates, newsletters, telegrams, menus, and ephemera belonging to Madeleine Coleman Roach during her service in the U.S. Women's Army Corps in the Second World War.","Of historical significance, Coleman was among the 855 Black women who served overseas in the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion in England and France who were hired to clear up the backlog of mail to the World War II soldiers and officers.","Coleman was from New York City and enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943. She entered active service in September 1943 and was promoted to Corporal. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945. Included is her Separation Qualification Record proving that she served overseas in England and France with the 6888th Postal Directory Service. Included is a photograph of her commanding officer Colonel Charity Adams.","Her wartime diary features excerpts from her daily life in training, office and field work in the Army from 1943-1944. She writes about her exhaustion from overworking, her anxieties about army inspections,her private thoughts on the harsh treatment of Black women in the Corps, most especially during her time in Alabama. She also writes about her boyfriend, John Roach who was also in the Army. In addition to her duties, she describes her social life of dates and dances in the Service Club. The diary does not describe her work overseas in England and France in the 6888th Postal Service Directory. She would marry her boyfriend and fellow soldier, John Roach, while abroad in Roen, France.","She also describes her experiences with racism in the southern culture at Camp Sibert, Alabama, particularly from white women or as she called them, Southern crackers. She also describes the discrimination against women in the service. She encourages herself with endearing sayings such as \"what's next for you little girl\".","Of interest is an entry in her diary where she mentions that she had witnessed girls in the army who were in love with each other. She recorded that she never would have known about women having intimate relationships with women if it had not been for the army.","There are about thirty-five photos depicting Madeleine's service, showing women in uniform, many in Rouen and the French Riviera, and an identification photograph from her time as a hostess for the Harlem Defense Recreation Center. There are also documents of John Roach's military service in Texas, Italy, and at army bases in the South Pacific.","Coleman's \"Memory Book\" discusses the locations of her army service and her thoughts on the various places she lived and worked during her war. It includes signatures and messages from fellow soldiers.","Of particular note are three leaves of typescript, two of which are signed by WAC members. They contain the witness statements of Privates Roberta McKenzie and Gladys Blackmon and detail the abuse suffered at the hands of the police when they refused to give up their seats at the back of the bus for white people. The incident was referenced in a 1947 United States Senate hearing on the treatment of Black military members.","There are two complete and four partial issues of the camp newsletter \"Special Delivery\", which was created by the women of the 6888th Central Post Battalian in France. There are two 6888th church services programs, and a 1944 Thanksgiving menu from Camp Sibert, Alabama. Under miscellaneous there are some shorthand exams that Madeleine Coleman passed. She and her husband were stenographers during the war."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps"],"persname_ssim":["Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps","Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:48.019Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1733","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1733.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/212805","title_filing_ssi":"Roach, Madeleine Coleman papers","title_ssm":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers"],"title_tesim":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers, 1942/1945"],"text":["Madeleine Coleman Roach papers, 1942/1945","MSS 16869","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1733","African American women","African American soldiers","The collection is open for research use.","Corporal Madeleine Coleman Roach, a South Ozone Park resident of Queens, New York and a member of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — an all-female and predominantly African-American women in the Army Corps — during World War II. Coleman enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943,began active service in September 1943. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945 and becoming one of the 855 women in the Triple Six Eight.","Madeleine Coleman was originally from a farm in Milstead, Alabama but was sent to New York by one of her aunts from South Carolina, who moved to Harlem. Prior to enlisting, she met John Roach, in the late 1930s at the Harlem Evening High School. He signed up for the armed services, as a Technical Sargent and stenographer in the 67th regiment stationed in England and France. She decided to sign up as well.  While Madeleine had an active social life in the Service Club and dated a lot, she knew that he would be the one man for her. They were married in Rouen, France in 1945 after the mail was cleared and she had sailed on the [RMS] Queens Elizabeth to Le Havre France where the 6888 cleared up more backlogs of mail.","The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion was tasked with catching up a two-year backlog of 17 million pieces of mail, which left people in the military with low morale. The battalion consisted of stenographers, postal clerks and others who tracked, redirected and investigated mail in cold, dark and rat-infested warehouses with a six-month deadline. They encountered both racism and sexism from fellow American service members, according to multiple historical reports. However they created a mailing system and completed the task in half the time.","Her journey began on the SS Ile de France where there were air raids.\nAccording to historical accounts, the women felt hoodwinked when they initially joined up to serve their country only to be tasked with manual labor.","Once civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune got the support of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the women were shipped off on February 3, 1945 and took a train to Birmingham, England, where they fixed the dilapidated former King Edward's School, which became their base, as seen in \"The Six Triple Eight\" war drama directed by Tyler Perry and streamed on Netflix.","Madeleine Coleman Roach became a secretary at the Woodrow Wilson Vocational School, which is called August Martin High School, and John Roach was employed at the Post office. Madeleine Roach also graduated with honors as an African-American Studies major in the early 1980s at York College.","Source:\nRose, Naeisha. \"Remembering a 6888 Veteran\". Queens Chronicle. Queens New York. 13 February 2025. Accessed 2/25/25\nhttps://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/remembering-a-6888-veteran/article_0ef47078-4275-5df5-ae74-4fb5f9c1e9f3.html","This material contains references to offensive and harmful language and crimes involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains photographs, diaries, a memory book, a prayer book, witness reports, scrapbook pages, photographs, certificates, newsletters, telegrams, menus, and ephemera belonging to Madeleine Coleman Roach during her service in the U.S. Women's Army Corps in the Second World War.","Of historical significance, Coleman was among the 855 Black women who served overseas in the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion in England and France who were hired to clear up the backlog of mail to the World War II soldiers and officers.","Coleman was from New York City and enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943. She entered active service in September 1943 and was promoted to Corporal. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945. Included is her Separation Qualification Record proving that she served overseas in England and France with the 6888th Postal Directory Service. Included is a photograph of her commanding officer Colonel Charity Adams.","Her wartime diary features excerpts from her daily life in training, office and field work in the Army from 1943-1944. She writes about her exhaustion from overworking, her anxieties about army inspections,her private thoughts on the harsh treatment of Black women in the Corps, most especially during her time in Alabama. She also writes about her boyfriend, John Roach who was also in the Army. In addition to her duties, she describes her social life of dates and dances in the Service Club. The diary does not describe her work overseas in England and France in the 6888th Postal Service Directory. She would marry her boyfriend and fellow soldier, John Roach, while abroad in Roen, France.","She also describes her experiences with racism in the southern culture at Camp Sibert, Alabama, particularly from white women or as she called them, Southern crackers. She also describes the discrimination against women in the service. She encourages herself with endearing sayings such as \"what's next for you little girl\".","Of interest is an entry in her diary where she mentions that she had witnessed girls in the army who were in love with each other. She recorded that she never would have known about women having intimate relationships with women if it had not been for the army.","There are about thirty-five photos depicting Madeleine's service, showing women in uniform, many in Rouen and the French Riviera, and an identification photograph from her time as a hostess for the Harlem Defense Recreation Center. There are also documents of John Roach's military service in Texas, Italy, and at army bases in the South Pacific.","Coleman's \"Memory Book\" discusses the locations of her army service and her thoughts on the various places she lived and worked during her war. It includes signatures and messages from fellow soldiers.","Of particular note are three leaves of typescript, two of which are signed by WAC members. They contain the witness statements of Privates Roberta McKenzie and Gladys Blackmon and detail the abuse suffered at the hands of the police when they refused to give up their seats at the back of the bus for white people. The incident was referenced in a 1947 United States Senate hearing on the treatment of Black military members.","There are two complete and four partial issues of the camp newsletter \"Special Delivery\", which was created by the women of the 6888th Central Post Battalian in France. There are two 6888th church services programs, and a 1944 Thanksgiving menu from Camp Sibert, Alabama. Under miscellaneous there are some shorthand exams that Madeleine Coleman passed. She and her husband were stenographers during the war.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. 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Women's Army Auxiliary Corps"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Langdon Manor to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 18 September 2024"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American women","African American soldiers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American women","African American soldiers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".58 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 Oversize Folder (Small, OS S)"],"extent_tesim":[".58 Cubic Feet 1 legal document box, 1 Oversize Folder (Small, OS S)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorporal Madeleine Coleman Roach, a South Ozone Park resident of Queens, New York and a member of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — an all-female and predominantly African-American women in the Army Corps — during World War II. Coleman enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943,began active service in September 1943. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945 and becoming one of the 855 women in the Triple Six Eight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMadeleine Coleman was originally from a farm in Milstead, Alabama but was sent to New York by one of her aunts from South Carolina, who moved to Harlem. Prior to enlisting, she met John Roach, in the late 1930s at the Harlem Evening High School. He signed up for the armed services, as a Technical Sargent and stenographer in the 67th regiment stationed in England and France. She decided to sign up as well.  While Madeleine had an active social life in the Service Club and dated a lot, she knew that he would be the one man for her. They were married in Rouen, France in 1945 after the mail was cleared and she had sailed on the [RMS] Queens Elizabeth to Le Havre France where the 6888 cleared up more backlogs of mail.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion was tasked with catching up a two-year backlog of 17 million pieces of mail, which left people in the military with low morale. The battalion consisted of stenographers, postal clerks and others who tracked, redirected and investigated mail in cold, dark and rat-infested warehouses with a six-month deadline. They encountered both racism and sexism from fellow American service members, according to multiple historical reports. However they created a mailing system and completed the task in half the time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHer journey began on the SS Ile de France where there were air raids.\nAccording to historical accounts, the women felt hoodwinked when they initially joined up to serve their country only to be tasked with manual labor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnce civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune got the support of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the women were shipped off on February 3, 1945 and took a train to Birmingham, England, where they fixed the dilapidated former King Edward's School, which became their base, as seen in \"The Six Triple Eight\" war drama directed by Tyler Perry and streamed on Netflix.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMadeleine Coleman Roach became a secretary at the Woodrow Wilson Vocational School, which is called August Martin High School, and John Roach was employed at the Post office. Madeleine Roach also graduated with honors as an African-American Studies major in the early 1980s at York College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nRose, Naeisha. \"Remembering a 6888 Veteran\". Queens Chronicle. Queens New York. 13 February 2025. Accessed 2/25/25\nhttps://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/remembering-a-6888-veteran/article_0ef47078-4275-5df5-ae74-4fb5f9c1e9f3.html\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Corporal Madeleine Coleman Roach, a South Ozone Park resident of Queens, New York and a member of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion — an all-female and predominantly African-American women in the Army Corps — during World War II. Coleman enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943,began active service in September 1943. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945 and becoming one of the 855 women in the Triple Six Eight.","Madeleine Coleman was originally from a farm in Milstead, Alabama but was sent to New York by one of her aunts from South Carolina, who moved to Harlem. Prior to enlisting, she met John Roach, in the late 1930s at the Harlem Evening High School. He signed up for the armed services, as a Technical Sargent and stenographer in the 67th regiment stationed in England and France. She decided to sign up as well.  While Madeleine had an active social life in the Service Club and dated a lot, she knew that he would be the one man for her. They were married in Rouen, France in 1945 after the mail was cleared and she had sailed on the [RMS] Queens Elizabeth to Le Havre France where the 6888 cleared up more backlogs of mail.","The 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion was tasked with catching up a two-year backlog of 17 million pieces of mail, which left people in the military with low morale. The battalion consisted of stenographers, postal clerks and others who tracked, redirected and investigated mail in cold, dark and rat-infested warehouses with a six-month deadline. They encountered both racism and sexism from fellow American service members, according to multiple historical reports. However they created a mailing system and completed the task in half the time.","Her journey began on the SS Ile de France where there were air raids.\nAccording to historical accounts, the women felt hoodwinked when they initially joined up to serve their country only to be tasked with manual labor.","Once civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune got the support of First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, the women were shipped off on February 3, 1945 and took a train to Birmingham, England, where they fixed the dilapidated former King Edward's School, which became their base, as seen in \"The Six Triple Eight\" war drama directed by Tyler Perry and streamed on Netflix.","Madeleine Coleman Roach became a secretary at the Woodrow Wilson Vocational School, which is called August Martin High School, and John Roach was employed at the Post office. Madeleine Roach also graduated with honors as an African-American Studies major in the early 1980s at York College.","Source:\nRose, Naeisha. \"Remembering a 6888 Veteran\". Queens Chronicle. Queens New York. 13 February 2025. Accessed 2/25/25\nhttps://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/remembering-a-6888-veteran/article_0ef47078-4275-5df5-ae74-4fb5f9c1e9f3.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16869, Madeleine Coleman papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16869, Madeleine Coleman papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references to offensive and harmful language and crimes involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photographs, diaries, a memory book, a prayer book, witness reports, scrapbook pages, photographs, certificates, newsletters, telegrams, menus, and ephemera belonging to Madeleine Coleman Roach during her service in the U.S. Women's Army Corps in the Second World War. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf historical significance, Coleman was among the 855 Black women who served overseas in the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion in England and France who were hired to clear up the backlog of mail to the World War II soldiers and officers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColeman was from New York City and enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943. She entered active service in September 1943 and was promoted to Corporal. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945. Included is her Separation Qualification Record proving that she served overseas in England and France with the 6888th Postal Directory Service. Included is a photograph of her commanding officer Colonel Charity Adams.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer wartime diary features excerpts from her daily life in training, office and field work in the Army from 1943-1944. She writes about her exhaustion from overworking, her anxieties about army inspections,her private thoughts on the harsh treatment of Black women in the Corps, most especially during her time in Alabama. She also writes about her boyfriend, John Roach who was also in the Army. In addition to her duties, she describes her social life of dates and dances in the Service Club. The diary does not describe her work overseas in England and France in the 6888th Postal Service Directory. She would marry her boyfriend and fellow soldier, John Roach, while abroad in Roen, France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe also describes her experiences with racism in the southern culture at Camp Sibert, Alabama, particularly from white women or as she called them, Southern crackers. She also describes the discrimination against women in the service. She encourages herself with endearing sayings such as \"what's next for you little girl\". \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf interest is an entry in her diary where she mentions that she had witnessed girls in the army who were in love with each other. She recorded that she never would have known about women having intimate relationships with women if it had not been for the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are about thirty-five photos depicting Madeleine's service, showing women in uniform, many in Rouen and the French Riviera, and an identification photograph from her time as a hostess for the Harlem Defense Recreation Center. There are also documents of John Roach's military service in Texas, Italy, and at army bases in the South Pacific.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColeman's \"Memory Book\" discusses the locations of her army service and her thoughts on the various places she lived and worked during her war. It includes signatures and messages from fellow soldiers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \nOf particular note are three leaves of typescript, two of which are signed by WAC members. They contain the witness statements of Privates Roberta McKenzie and Gladys Blackmon and detail the abuse suffered at the hands of the police when they refused to give up their seats at the back of the bus for white people. The incident was referenced in a 1947 United States Senate hearing on the treatment of Black military members. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are two complete and four partial issues of the camp newsletter \"Special Delivery\", which was created by the women of the 6888th Central Post Battalian in France. There are two 6888th church services programs, and a 1944 Thanksgiving menu from Camp Sibert, Alabama. Under miscellaneous there are some shorthand exams that Madeleine Coleman passed. She and her husband were stenographers during the war. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This material contains references to offensive and harmful language and crimes involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains photographs, diaries, a memory book, a prayer book, witness reports, scrapbook pages, photographs, certificates, newsletters, telegrams, menus, and ephemera belonging to Madeleine Coleman Roach during her service in the U.S. Women's Army Corps in the Second World War.","Of historical significance, Coleman was among the 855 Black women who served overseas in the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion in England and France who were hired to clear up the backlog of mail to the World War II soldiers and officers.","Coleman was from New York City and enlisted in the Army at age twenty-three on January 1, 1943. She entered active service in September 1943 and was promoted to Corporal. She was trained in Fort Des Moines, Iowa, and moved around the country to Fort Devens, Massachusetts, and Camp Sibert, Alabama, before heading overseas in 1945. Included is her Separation Qualification Record proving that she served overseas in England and France with the 6888th Postal Directory Service. Included is a photograph of her commanding officer Colonel Charity Adams.","Her wartime diary features excerpts from her daily life in training, office and field work in the Army from 1943-1944. She writes about her exhaustion from overworking, her anxieties about army inspections,her private thoughts on the harsh treatment of Black women in the Corps, most especially during her time in Alabama. She also writes about her boyfriend, John Roach who was also in the Army. In addition to her duties, she describes her social life of dates and dances in the Service Club. The diary does not describe her work overseas in England and France in the 6888th Postal Service Directory. She would marry her boyfriend and fellow soldier, John Roach, while abroad in Roen, France.","She also describes her experiences with racism in the southern culture at Camp Sibert, Alabama, particularly from white women or as she called them, Southern crackers. She also describes the discrimination against women in the service. She encourages herself with endearing sayings such as \"what's next for you little girl\".","Of interest is an entry in her diary where she mentions that she had witnessed girls in the army who were in love with each other. She recorded that she never would have known about women having intimate relationships with women if it had not been for the army.","There are about thirty-five photos depicting Madeleine's service, showing women in uniform, many in Rouen and the French Riviera, and an identification photograph from her time as a hostess for the Harlem Defense Recreation Center. There are also documents of John Roach's military service in Texas, Italy, and at army bases in the South Pacific.","Coleman's \"Memory Book\" discusses the locations of her army service and her thoughts on the various places she lived and worked during her war. It includes signatures and messages from fellow soldiers.","Of particular note are three leaves of typescript, two of which are signed by WAC members. They contain the witness statements of Privates Roberta McKenzie and Gladys Blackmon and detail the abuse suffered at the hands of the police when they refused to give up their seats at the back of the bus for white people. The incident was referenced in a 1947 United States Senate hearing on the treatment of Black military members.","There are two complete and four partial issues of the camp newsletter \"Special Delivery\", which was created by the women of the 6888th Central Post Battalian in France. There are two 6888th church services programs, and a 1944 Thanksgiving menu from Camp Sibert, Alabama. Under miscellaneous there are some shorthand exams that Madeleine Coleman passed. She and her husband were stenographers during the war."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps"],"names_coll_ssim":["Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. Women's Army Auxiliary Corps"],"persname_ssim":["Coleman, Madeleine, 1920-"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Langdon Manor Books","United States. Army. 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