{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+churches","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+churches\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":7,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Alleyne Blayton","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03_c04","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03_c04"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03_c04","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03","parent_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James City County Oral History Collection","Series 3: Cassette Tapes"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James City County Oral History Collection","Series 3: Cassette Tapes"],"text":["James City County Oral History Collection","Series 3: Cassette Tapes","Alleyne Blayton","African American women--History--Sources","African Americans--Education","Transportation--Virginia","African American churches","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","African American physicians","Audiocassette Tape 84-004","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access."],"title_filing_ssi":"Alleyne Blayton","title_ssm":["Alleyne Blayton"],"title_tesim":["Alleyne Blayton"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alleyne Blayton"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["James City County Oral History Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":103,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American women--History--Sources","African Americans--Education","Transportation--Virginia","African American churches","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","African American physicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American women--History--Sources","African Americans--Education","Transportation--Virginia","African American churches","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg--History","African American physicians"],"containers_ssim":["Audiocassette Tape 84-004"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:20:42.771Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8593.xml","title_filing_ssi":"James City County Oral History Collection","title_ssm":["James City County Oral History Collection"],"title_tesim":["James City County Oral History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1983-1986","1984"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1983-1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00241","/repositories/2/resources/8593"],"text":["MS 00241","/repositories/2/resources/8593","James City County Oral History Collection","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Williamsburg (Va.)--Biography","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--18th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","York County (Va.)--Biography","York County (Va.)--History","York County (Va.)--History--19th century","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Education--Virginia--Williamsburg--19th century","Interviews","James City County (Va.)--Biography","James City County (Va.)--History","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Oral histories","Audiocassettes","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Numerical order by numbers assigned by JCC Historical Commission.","Historical Commission of James City County, Virginia.","Audiocassettes have been digitized and are available to listen in the reading room. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","All audiocassette tapes have been digitized. Digital files require at least 72 hours advanced notice for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. 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At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Reprocessed by Anne Johnson in 2009 and 2011.","The Cassette Tapes have been digitized and require at least 72 hours advanced notice for access.","The James City County Oral History Collection holds two copies of transcripts and one corresponding cassette tapes of the Oral History Project directed by Robinette Fitzsimmon of the James City County Historical Commission. The collections includes interviews of residents of James City County, the City of Williamsburg, and York County, Virginia.  Topics range from education to farming to Eastern State Hospital.  Time periods covered begin with family memories from the Revolutionary War to the 1980's.  Many interviewees were born in late 1800's to early 1900's.","Swem Library did not receive all the cassette tapes or transcripts as listed on the JCC Historical Commission Accession system.  These interviews were either never done or not received by Swem Library's Special Collections Research Center.","Audiocassettes have been digitized and are available to listen in the reading room. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Comprehensive Subject Index, Alphabetical index by Participants and Numerical Index (Key Index) by Assigned Participant Numbers. The subject index lists the numbers assigned by the JCC Historical Commission. Use these numbers on the numerical index to find the person interviewed. You may also search alphabetically by participant. These indices are filed in the front of each box. Participants Index by Accession Number 84-001 Judge Robert T. Armistead 84-003 Ed Belvin 84-004 Alleyne Blayton 84-005 Virginia Vaiden Bowen 84-006 C. Hammond Branch 84-008 Mary E.Brown 84-009 Robert Lawrence Caldwell 84-011 Joseph Hammond Carlton 84-013 Richard Hughes Carter 84-014 Dr. Carlton Jerome Casey 84-015 Thomas Coleman 84-016 Phillip Cooke 84-017 Phillip Cooke 84-020 Ruth Cowles 84-021 Preston Crump 84-023 William Cumber 84-025 Caroline Dozier 84-029 Jean Etheridge 84-031 Ethel and Leonard Ford 84-033 Willard Gilley 84-034 Leonard Graves 84-035 Rose Gross 84-036 Gladys Guy 84-037 Frances Hamilton 84-038 Ruth Hankins 84-039 Clara Harris 84-040 Rev. Carter Harrison 84-041 Gracie Lillian Slater Hazelwood 84-042 Mabel Hazelwood 84-043 Edna Hockaday 84-046 Harold Hunt, Sr. 84-047 Mr. and Mrs. Willis Jenson 84-048 Sam T. Jones 84-049 Dr. Janet Kimbrough 84-051 Herman Kinde, Occupation: Automobile Saleman. Norwegian Families. Norge and Lightfoot. 84-052 Alexander Lee 84-053 Harris Lee, Sr. 84-054 Shirley Payne Low 84-060 Berit T. Mesarick 84-061 Doris Wildenburger and Pearl Miller 84-062 Rev. Junius Moody 84-063 Mildred Moody 84-066 Julia Oxrieder 84-068 Elizabeth Parrilla 84-070 Catherine Pippin 84-071 Rev. Thomas Pugh 84-072 Grace Radcliffe 84-073 Alma Ransone 84-074 Arline Richardson 84-077 Parke Rouse 84-078 Clara Russell 84-079 Hattie J. Sasser 84-081 Lettie Slauson and Lillian Sutton 84-083 O.M. Smith 84-086 Edward Stewart 84-087 Rev. James B. Tabb 84-090 Stewart Taylor 84-093 D. Gardiner Tyler 84-097 George Waltrip 84-100 Frances Murray White 84-102 Peggy Zuzma 84-104 Lydia Gardner 84-109 Francis Robb 84-111 Thelma Pederson 84-113 Imogene Bell 84-114 John Marcellos and Lawrence Rowe 84-117 George Farthing 84-118 David Ware 84-121 Samuel Nelson Parker 84-124 Betty Meanly Crenshaw 84-125 Carra Dillard 85-130 John Jennings 84-131 Mildred Layne 84-132 Maria Mapp 84-136 Knox Ratcliffe and Harold Radcliffe 84-137 Nannie Kay Ripley 84-139 Alice Tudor 84-141 R.B (Benny). Gilliam 84-142 Forrest Griffin 84-143 Wilton Kinnamon 84-144 A.C. \"Pete\" Hunt, Sr. 84-147 Charlie Fields 84-148 Mrs. Dewey Renick 84-149 Mrs. Louise Meanley 84-151 Herman Kinde 84-152 Louise Herring 84-156 Willard Epperson 84-157 Virgie Wickre Newton Walter Owens (no transcript), but 1 cassette tape dated 12/8/87 85-130 John Jennings 86-001 Doris Epps 86-002 Mrs. Paul Grisenauer Alphabetical List of Participants Judge Robert T. Armistead 84-001 Imogene Bell 84-113 Ed Belvin 84-003 Alleyne Blayton 84-004 Virginia Vaiden Bowen 84-005 C. Hammond Branch 84-006 Mary E.Brown 84-008 Robert Lawrence Caldwell 84-009 Joseph Hammond Carlton 84-011 Richard Hughes Carter 84-013 Dr. Carlton Jerome Casey 84-014 Thomas Coleman 84-015 Phillip Cooke 84-016, 84-107 Ruth Cowles 84-020 Betty Meanly Crenshaw 84-124 Preston Crump 84-021 William Cumber 84-023 Carra Dillard 84-125 Caroline Dozier 84-025 Willard Epperson 84-156 Doris Epps 86-001 Jean Etheridge 84-029 George Farthing 84-117 Charlie Fields 84-147 Ethel and Leonard Ford 84-031 Lydia Gardner 84-104 Willard Gilley 84-033 R.B (Benny). Gilliam 84-141 Leonard Graves 84-034 Forrest Griffin 84-142 Rose Gross 84-035 Mrs. Paul Grisenauer 86-002 Gladys Guy 84-036 Frances Hamilton 84-037 Ruth Hankins 84-038 Clara Harris 84-039 Rev. Carter Harrison 84-040 Gracie Lillian Slater Hazelwood 84-041 Mabel Hazelwood 84-042 Louise Herring 84-152 Edna Hockaday 84-043 A.C. \"Pete\" Hunt, Sr. 84-144 Harold Hunt, Sr. 84-046 John Jennings 85-130 Mr. and Mrs. Willis Jenson 84-047 Sam T. Jones 84-048 Dr. Janet Kimbrough 84-049 Herman Kinde 84-151 Wilton Kinnamon 84-143 Mildred Layne 84-131 Alexander Lee 84-052 Harris Lee, Sr. 84-053 Shirley Payne Low 84-054 Maria Mapp 84-132 Mrs. Louise Meanley 84-149 Berit T. Mesarick 84-060 Doris Wildenburger and Pearl Miller 84-061 Rev. Junius Moody 84-062 Mildred Moody 84-063 Virgie Wickre Newton 84-157 Walter Owens (no transcript), but 1 cassette tape dated 12/8/87 Julia Oxrieder 84-066 Samuel Nelson Parker 84-121 Elizabeth Parrilla 84-068 Thelma Pederson 84-111 Catherine Pippin 84-070 Rev. Thomas Pugh 84-071 Grace Radcliffe 84-072 Knox Ratcliffe and Harold Radcliffe 84-136 Alma Ransone 84-073 Mrs. Dewey Renick 84-148 Nannie Kay Ripley 84-137 Arline Richardson 84-074 Francis Robb 84-109 Parke Rouse 84-077 John Marcellos and Lawrence Rowe 84-114 Clara Russell 84-078 Hattie J. Sasser 84-079 Lettie Slauson and Lillian Sutton 84-081 O.M. Smith 84-083 Edward Stewart 84-086 Rev. James B. Tabb 84-087 Stewart Taylor 84-090 Alice Tudor 84-139 D. Gardiner Tyler 84-093 George Waltrip 84-097 David Ware 84-118 Frances Murray White 84-100 Peggy Zuzma 84-102   Subject Index A Archaelogy 001, 100 Architecture 013 Aviation 003 B Barhamsville047, 074, 090 Black/White relations 84-: 004, 013, 014, 016, 017, 023, 031, 035, 036, 038, 043, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 071, 072, 074, 077, 078, 079, 081, 083, 087, 097, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 113, 114, 118, 121, 125, 131, 132, 136, 137, 141, 142, 148, 151, 174, 86-001   Business, Barhamsville 074 Business, Centerville 132 Business, Croaker 031 Business, Diascund041, 043 Business, Five Forks 84-102 Business, Grove 052, 087, 131 Business, Lightfoot 061 Business, Norge 037, 047, 151 Business, Williamsburg 003, 008, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 021, 024, 034, 038, 040, 052, 053, 054, 073, 096, 066, 068, 077, 078, 097, 109, 111, 114, 117, 121, 131, 132, 142, 143, 156, 86-001, C Christmas 004, 014, 017, 020, 031, 033, 037, 041, 043, 047, 048, 049, 052, 054, 60, 061, 063, 068, 073, 074, 078, 087, 102, 114, 118, 132, 137, 148, 151, 174, Civil War 001, 006, 021, 033, 036, 038, 040, 043, 048, 053, 063, 072, 074, 078, 081, 083, 086, 100, 102, 111, 117, 118, 125, 130, 132, 136, 151, 174 Courts 001, 017, 052, 090, 093, 117, 130, 174 Crime 001, 021, 025, 021, 036, 052, 053, 063, 073, 097, 111, 132, 141, 142, 152, 148, 86-001 Croaker 017, 031, 038, 047, 117, 121, 130, 136, 137, 151, 86-001 D Depression 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 013, 014, 016, 017, 021, 029, 031, 033, 034, 036, 037, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 078, 081, 086, 090, 109, 111, 118, 121, 125, 130, 132, 137, 139, 142, 143, 148 Diascund 020, 041, 043 Disaster 031, 038, 041, 046, 048, 053, 063, 066, 074, 081, 083, 086, 097, 102, 104, 130, 139, 148 E Economy 006, 014, 017, 020, 021, 025, 033, 034, 035, 036, 038, 040, 041, 043, 048, 052, 053, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 086, 087, 090, 097, 102, 109, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 156, 174, 86-001 Education 001, 004, 005, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 068, 071, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 156, 174 Ewell 84-046 F Family Life 004, 005, 006, 008, 011, 013, 014, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 071, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 174, 86-001 Farming 001, 005, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 020, 021, 025, 031, 033, 035, 038, 041, 043, 044, 047, 048, 052, 053, 060, 061, 062, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 097, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 118, 130, 132, 136, 139, 142, 148, 151, 156, 174 Fishing 001, 031, 038, 043, 047, 048, 053, 078, 081, 083, 087, 090, 097, 102, 109, 114, 136 Five Forks 097, 100, 102, 114, 132, 151 G Government 001, 006, 009, 011, 013, 017, 033, 034, 046, 049, 052, 053, 054, 062, 072, 077, 090, 118, 139 Grove 001, 017, 035, 052, 053, 062, 072, 078, 087, 131, 136, 139, 156 Growth 001, 004, 005, 008, 009, 011, 013, 015, 016, 017, 020, 033, 034, 036, 041, 060, 062, 066, 071, 073, 077, 087, 097, 125, 130, 139, 141, 86-001 H Hunting 001, 020, 048, 083, 102, 109, 114, 130, 141, 142, 156 J James City County 013 Jamestown 001, 003, 005, 017, 020, 033, 034, 036, 040, 049, 054, 060, 078, 081, 083, 093, 097, 100, 102, 111, 114, 132, 139, 141 L Lanexa 011, 038, 043 Lightfoot 001, 020, 036, 046, 047, 061, 074, 109, 117, 132, 141, 142, 148, 151 Lumbering 005, 006, 020, 035, 038, 046, 048, 074, 102, 117, 130, 132, 143, 151 M Medicine 004, 006, 008, 009, 013, 014, 016, 020, 121, 029, 034, 038, 041, 043, 046, 048, 049, 052, 078, 083, 086, 087, 102, 104, 111, 113, 114, 125, 130, 132, 148 N Norge001, 006, 013, 020, 031, 034, 035, 036, 037, 046, 047, 061, 063, 097, 117, 139, 151, 86-001 R Recreation 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 025, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 041, 043, 046, 047, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 113, 114, 117, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 86-001 Religion 001, 004, 006, 009, 011, 013, 014, 017, 020, 021, 035, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 052, 053, 061, 062, 066, 071, 073, 074, 077, 079, 081, 083, 086, 087, 093, 102, 109, 111, 118, 121, 132, 137, 143, 151 Revolutionary War 001, 038, 040, 078, 081, 083, 100, 118, 125, 130, 139, 141, 151 S Shipping 005, 006, 043, 046, 048, 078, 081, 097, 100, 102, 114, 118, 141, 143, 156 Social Life 004, 034, 036, 037, 041, 109, 113 Superstitions004, 008, 013, 016, 017, 021, 038, 048, 049, 087, 090, 102, 111, 114, 130, 132 T Toano001, 005, 009, 021, 025, 031, 034, 036, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 061, 063, 074, 090, 109, 118, 130, 142, 148, 151, 86-001 Traditions 013, 017 Transportation 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 011, 014, 015, 017, 020, 021, 029, 031, 033, 034, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 086, 087, 093, 097, 102, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 174, 86-001 W Williamsburg001, 003, 005, 008, 009, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 021, 023, 029, 034, 036, 040, 046, 049, 053, 054, 060, 061, 066, 073, 077, 078, 079, 090, 093, 104, 109, 111, 113, 117, 121, 125, 131, 132, 139, 142, 143, 156, 86-001 World War I 020, 021, 029, 038, 041, 046, 047, 048, 054, 061, 063, 072, 081, 086, 097, 100, 102, 104, 111, 118, 125, 139, 148, 151, 156, 157 World War II 001, 003, 009, 013, 017, 020, 023, 025, 029, 033, 035, 037, 038, 043, 046, 047, 052, 053, 060, 061, 063, 066, 081, 083, 087, 102, 109, 111, 117, 118, 121, 132, 141, 151","Each folder includes a typed transcription of the cassette tape, often with a handwritten copy and/or changes made later by the interviewee. An index, with page numbers, of subjects covered in the interviews is included, plus a form with biographical information about the interviewee. There is a signed Release Form at the back of each folder. The transcriptions are filed in numerical order.","Occupation: Judge. Regarding local government, courts, physical changes, tours, depression, education at Matthew Whaley, recreation, homes and law enforcement.","Occupation: Retired Educator.","Occupation: Housewife, Bookkeeper.","Occupation: Farmer. Toano.","Bruton Heights School, Colonial Williamsburg and more.","Occupation: Physician at Eastern State Hospital.","Hotel Felix, Toano and more.","Occupation: Retired Clergyman and Museum Historical Teacher, Colonial Williamsburg Supervisor of Training. Williamsburg.","Occupation:  Physician.","Occupation: Waiter.","Occupation: Worked at Western Union, and William and Mary. Black History. Bruton High School.","Occupation:  Organist and Choir Director of Mt. Vernon Methodist Church.  Born in Lightfoot, lived in Toano.","Williamsburg. Crump's Hotel. Civil War. Black History.","Occupation: Cook for W\u0026M College Presidents, in charge of Officers' Club at Camp Peary.","Occupation:  Principal of Mathew Whaley.","Occupation: Home Owner. Lived in Toano.","Croaker.  Norge in the 1950's.  Lutheran Church.","Occupation:  Milk Distributor.  Family moved to JCC in  1905.  He was born on Neck-o-land Road.","Occupation:  Frazier-Graves Co., Inc., Men's Cothing Store on Duke of Gloucester Street.","Moved to Williamsburg in 1903.  General Williamsburg history and changes.","Father, Mr. Bennett, a faculty member at William and Mary and Superintendent of Williamsburg's Public Schools.  Born 1898.","Occupation:  Retired U.S. Postal Clerk. Lived in Norge. Norwegian Families.","Occupation: Math Teacher and Housewife. Family were farmers in Toano. Born 1898.","Early days in Williamsburg and James City County. Family from Williamsburg area for many generations. Jerusalem Baptist Church.","Attended William and Mary 1920-1923. Rector of Hickory Neck as a young man. Harrison Family. Carter's Grove.","Her youth in Williamsburg.","Moved to James City County in 1908. Old Academy School. Toano area.","Occupation:  Teacher at Diascund School. Born 1901 in James City County near New Kent County line.  Education.","Occupation:  Farmer.  Norge.  Moved to Hill Pleasant Farm in 1912 and to Norge in 1904.","Occupation: Mr. Jenson was a Rural Mail Carrier and his wife a housewife. Born 1890's. Lived in Norge. Norwegian Families.","Occupation:  Handyman.  Born1905. Toano. Chickahominy Road.","Moved to Williamsburg in 1906.  Childhood in Williamsburg.","Occupation:  Automobile Saleman. Norwegian Families.  Norge and Lightfoot.","Naval Weapons Station.  York County. Black History.","Grove. Naval Weapons Station.  Black History.  Civil War.","Occupation:  Teacher, Training Supervisor for Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, author and more. Williamsburg in 1950's.","Norwegian Families. Norway. Moved to Williamsburg area in early 1970's.","Lightfoot. Norge. Norwegian Families.","Occupation: Minister and School Teacher. Born in 1903. Arrived in James City County in 1925. Black History.","Toano. Born 1906.","Occupation:  Mathematician.  Father was Dean of William and Mary Law School. Born 1925.","Occupation:  Sweet Baker at Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.  Born 1903. Black History.","1940's and 1950's memories of Williamsburg.","Occupation: Baptist Minister. Moved to Williamsburg in 1952.","Grove. York County. Naval Weapons Station. Black History. Sacalis Family.","Moved to Williamsburg about 1925. Burns Lane.","Occupation: Teacher. Born about 1900. Barhamsville.","Occupation:  Museum Director, writer.  Born 1915.  Moved to Williamsburg in 1951.","Born 1893 in James City County. Carter's Grove. Booth Family.","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Black History.","Williamsburg in 1920's and 1930's and later.","Moved to Williamsburg in 1943. James City County Bible and Agriculture Training School.","Barhamsville. New Kent. Born about 1900.","Occupation: Pastor. Born 1926. Camp Peary. Black History.","Occupation: Farmer. Born 1915 in James City County. Civil War. Toano. New Kent.","Occupation: Attorney. Born 1899 at Sherwood Forest\" New Kent County. Williamsburg in early 1900's.","Born 1919 in James City County. Carter's Grove. Lake Powell.","Born 1928. 18th Century.  Property ownership in James City County.","Waltrip Family. Born 1921 in Five Forks. James City County.","Occupation:  Housewife.  Grew up on Nicholson Street in Williamsburg.","Father went to William and Mary and was Professor/Chair of Chemistry Department.  Born in 1928.  Chandler Court.  Bruton Parish.","Dore Family. Peacock Hill.  Early 1900's.","Wife of Dr. Baxter Bell of Bell Hospital. Talks of Eastern State, Bell Hospital and more. Occupation: Nurse.","Born early 1900s.  Jamestown Island. Hickory Signpost Road. Black History.","Growing up in Williamsburg area.","Occupation:  Real Estate, Lumber. Born 1916 in James City County at Windsor Castle. Mayflower descendant of Francis Eaton.  Toano.  Forge Road. Burnt Ordinary.  Farming.","Born 1907. York Street.  Black History.","Family store in Toano. Schools in Toano and Williamsburg, and William and Mary.","Garrett Family, Father on faculty at William and Mary.  Born 1898.","Occupation:  Vice President of Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.  Born in 1911. Carter's Grove.  Grove.","Skipwith Farm.  Farming.  Longhill Road. Early 1900's.","Grove. York County.  Naval Weapons Station.  Black History.","Born about 1900.  Moved to James City County in 1920. Farming.","Occupation:  Teacher.  Moved to Williamsburg in 1918.  Born in 1910.","Family Occupation: Farmer.  Lived in Kingsmill area, Longhill Road and Camp Peary.","Occupation:  Food Purchasing Agent for Colonial Williamsburg.  Family lived in Williamsburg for many generations.","Occupation:  Owner of Kinnamon's Garage and Wrecker Service. Born 1913. Came to Williamsburg in 1919.","Transcript not located.","Born 1890.  Lived on Chickahominy Road, born in Fluvanna, Virginia.  Did farm work for Hankins family.","Williamsburg Female Institute. Born about 1900.","Occupation:  Teacher.  Toano.  Moved to James City County in 1920.","Norge. Norwegian families.","Occupation:  Barber. Born in Raleigh, North Carolina. Hotel near Williamsburg Inn.","Born 1908 in Williamsburg.  Norwegian Families. Wickre Street in Williamsburg.","Occupation:  Director Emeritus, Virginia Historical Society.  Born 1916 in Toano. Vaiden family.","Williamsburg.","Came to Williamsburg in 1918 with her first husband who was a stave (barrel) sawyer. Mr. Griesenauer was a Potter.","No transcript, but one cassette tape.","Published by the James City County Historical Commission. Edited by Nancy Smith Bradshaw. Acc. 1993.55.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","James City County Historical Commission","Belvin, Edward","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00241","/repositories/2/resources/8593"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James City County Oral History Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["James City County Oral History Collection"],"collection_ssim":["James City County Oral History Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Williamsburg (Va.)--Biography","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--18th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","York County (Va.)--Biography","York County (Va.)--History","York County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Williamsburg (Va.)--Biography","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--18th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","York County (Va.)--Biography","York County (Va.)--History","York County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"creator_ssm":["James City County Historical Commission"],"creator_ssim":["James City County Historical Commission"],"creator_famname_ssim":["James City County Historical Commission"],"creators_ssim":["James City County Historical Commission"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Williamsburg (Va.)--Biography","Williamsburg (Va.)--History","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--18th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--19th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","York County (Va.)--Biography","York County (Va.)--History","York County (Va.)--History--19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts in 1989, 1993 and 2010."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Education--Virginia--Williamsburg--19th century","Interviews","James City County (Va.)--Biography","James City County (Va.)--History","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Oral histories","Audiocassettes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Colonial Williamsburg Foundation--History","Education--Virginia--Williamsburg--19th century","Interviews","James City County (Va.)--Biography","James City County (Va.)--History","James City County (Va.)--History--19th century","Oral histories","Audiocassettes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes"],"date_range_isim":[1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNumerical order by numbers assigned by JCC Historical Commission.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Numerical order by numbers assigned by JCC Historical Commission."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistorical Commission of James City County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Historical Commission of James City County, Virginia."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudiocassettes have been digitized and are available to listen in the reading room. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll audiocassette tapes have been digitized. Digital files require at least 72 hours advanced notice for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital files. 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Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical 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Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements","Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["Audiocassettes have been digitized and are available to listen in the reading room. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","All audiocassette tapes have been digitized. Digital files require at least 72 hours advanced notice for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. 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At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. 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At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Digital files. 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At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames City County Oral History Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James City County Oral History Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReprocessed by Anne Johnson in 2009 and 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cassette Tapes have been digitized and require at least 72 hours advanced notice for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Reprocessed by Anne Johnson in 2009 and 2011.","The Cassette Tapes have been digitized and require at least 72 hours advanced notice for access."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James City County Oral History Collection holds two copies of transcripts and one corresponding cassette tapes of the Oral History Project directed by Robinette Fitzsimmon of the James City County Historical Commission. The collections includes interviews of residents of James City County, the City of Williamsburg, and York County, Virginia.  Topics range from education to farming to Eastern State Hospital.  Time periods covered begin with family memories from the Revolutionary War to the 1980's.  Many interviewees were born in late 1800's to early 1900's.","Swem Library did not receive all the cassette tapes or transcripts as listed on the JCC Historical Commission Accession system.  These interviews were either never done or not received by Swem Library's Special Collections Research Center.","Audiocassettes have been digitized and are available to listen in the reading room. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.","Comprehensive Subject Index, Alphabetical index by Participants and Numerical Index (Key Index) by Assigned Participant Numbers. The subject index lists the numbers assigned by the JCC Historical Commission. Use these numbers on the numerical index to find the person interviewed. You may also search alphabetically by participant. These indices are filed in the front of each box. Participants Index by Accession Number 84-001 Judge Robert T. Armistead 84-003 Ed Belvin 84-004 Alleyne Blayton 84-005 Virginia Vaiden Bowen 84-006 C. Hammond Branch 84-008 Mary E.Brown 84-009 Robert Lawrence Caldwell 84-011 Joseph Hammond Carlton 84-013 Richard Hughes Carter 84-014 Dr. Carlton Jerome Casey 84-015 Thomas Coleman 84-016 Phillip Cooke 84-017 Phillip Cooke 84-020 Ruth Cowles 84-021 Preston Crump 84-023 William Cumber 84-025 Caroline Dozier 84-029 Jean Etheridge 84-031 Ethel and Leonard Ford 84-033 Willard Gilley 84-034 Leonard Graves 84-035 Rose Gross 84-036 Gladys Guy 84-037 Frances Hamilton 84-038 Ruth Hankins 84-039 Clara Harris 84-040 Rev. Carter Harrison 84-041 Gracie Lillian Slater Hazelwood 84-042 Mabel Hazelwood 84-043 Edna Hockaday 84-046 Harold Hunt, Sr. 84-047 Mr. and Mrs. Willis Jenson 84-048 Sam T. Jones 84-049 Dr. Janet Kimbrough 84-051 Herman Kinde, Occupation: Automobile Saleman. Norwegian Families. Norge and Lightfoot. 84-052 Alexander Lee 84-053 Harris Lee, Sr. 84-054 Shirley Payne Low 84-060 Berit T. Mesarick 84-061 Doris Wildenburger and Pearl Miller 84-062 Rev. Junius Moody 84-063 Mildred Moody 84-066 Julia Oxrieder 84-068 Elizabeth Parrilla 84-070 Catherine Pippin 84-071 Rev. Thomas Pugh 84-072 Grace Radcliffe 84-073 Alma Ransone 84-074 Arline Richardson 84-077 Parke Rouse 84-078 Clara Russell 84-079 Hattie J. Sasser 84-081 Lettie Slauson and Lillian Sutton 84-083 O.M. Smith 84-086 Edward Stewart 84-087 Rev. James B. Tabb 84-090 Stewart Taylor 84-093 D. Gardiner Tyler 84-097 George Waltrip 84-100 Frances Murray White 84-102 Peggy Zuzma 84-104 Lydia Gardner 84-109 Francis Robb 84-111 Thelma Pederson 84-113 Imogene Bell 84-114 John Marcellos and Lawrence Rowe 84-117 George Farthing 84-118 David Ware 84-121 Samuel Nelson Parker 84-124 Betty Meanly Crenshaw 84-125 Carra Dillard 85-130 John Jennings 84-131 Mildred Layne 84-132 Maria Mapp 84-136 Knox Ratcliffe and Harold Radcliffe 84-137 Nannie Kay Ripley 84-139 Alice Tudor 84-141 R.B (Benny). Gilliam 84-142 Forrest Griffin 84-143 Wilton Kinnamon 84-144 A.C. \"Pete\" Hunt, Sr. 84-147 Charlie Fields 84-148 Mrs. Dewey Renick 84-149 Mrs. Louise Meanley 84-151 Herman Kinde 84-152 Louise Herring 84-156 Willard Epperson 84-157 Virgie Wickre Newton Walter Owens (no transcript), but 1 cassette tape dated 12/8/87 85-130 John Jennings 86-001 Doris Epps 86-002 Mrs. Paul Grisenauer Alphabetical List of Participants Judge Robert T. Armistead 84-001 Imogene Bell 84-113 Ed Belvin 84-003 Alleyne Blayton 84-004 Virginia Vaiden Bowen 84-005 C. Hammond Branch 84-006 Mary E.Brown 84-008 Robert Lawrence Caldwell 84-009 Joseph Hammond Carlton 84-011 Richard Hughes Carter 84-013 Dr. Carlton Jerome Casey 84-014 Thomas Coleman 84-015 Phillip Cooke 84-016, 84-107 Ruth Cowles 84-020 Betty Meanly Crenshaw 84-124 Preston Crump 84-021 William Cumber 84-023 Carra Dillard 84-125 Caroline Dozier 84-025 Willard Epperson 84-156 Doris Epps 86-001 Jean Etheridge 84-029 George Farthing 84-117 Charlie Fields 84-147 Ethel and Leonard Ford 84-031 Lydia Gardner 84-104 Willard Gilley 84-033 R.B (Benny). Gilliam 84-141 Leonard Graves 84-034 Forrest Griffin 84-142 Rose Gross 84-035 Mrs. Paul Grisenauer 86-002 Gladys Guy 84-036 Frances Hamilton 84-037 Ruth Hankins 84-038 Clara Harris 84-039 Rev. Carter Harrison 84-040 Gracie Lillian Slater Hazelwood 84-041 Mabel Hazelwood 84-042 Louise Herring 84-152 Edna Hockaday 84-043 A.C. \"Pete\" Hunt, Sr. 84-144 Harold Hunt, Sr. 84-046 John Jennings 85-130 Mr. and Mrs. Willis Jenson 84-047 Sam T. Jones 84-048 Dr. Janet Kimbrough 84-049 Herman Kinde 84-151 Wilton Kinnamon 84-143 Mildred Layne 84-131 Alexander Lee 84-052 Harris Lee, Sr. 84-053 Shirley Payne Low 84-054 Maria Mapp 84-132 Mrs. Louise Meanley 84-149 Berit T. Mesarick 84-060 Doris Wildenburger and Pearl Miller 84-061 Rev. Junius Moody 84-062 Mildred Moody 84-063 Virgie Wickre Newton 84-157 Walter Owens (no transcript), but 1 cassette tape dated 12/8/87 Julia Oxrieder 84-066 Samuel Nelson Parker 84-121 Elizabeth Parrilla 84-068 Thelma Pederson 84-111 Catherine Pippin 84-070 Rev. Thomas Pugh 84-071 Grace Radcliffe 84-072 Knox Ratcliffe and Harold Radcliffe 84-136 Alma Ransone 84-073 Mrs. Dewey Renick 84-148 Nannie Kay Ripley 84-137 Arline Richardson 84-074 Francis Robb 84-109 Parke Rouse 84-077 John Marcellos and Lawrence Rowe 84-114 Clara Russell 84-078 Hattie J. Sasser 84-079 Lettie Slauson and Lillian Sutton 84-081 O.M. Smith 84-083 Edward Stewart 84-086 Rev. James B. Tabb 84-087 Stewart Taylor 84-090 Alice Tudor 84-139 D. Gardiner Tyler 84-093 George Waltrip 84-097 David Ware 84-118 Frances Murray White 84-100 Peggy Zuzma 84-102   Subject Index A Archaelogy 001, 100 Architecture 013 Aviation 003 B Barhamsville047, 074, 090 Black/White relations 84-: 004, 013, 014, 016, 017, 023, 031, 035, 036, 038, 043, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 071, 072, 074, 077, 078, 079, 081, 083, 087, 097, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 113, 114, 118, 121, 125, 131, 132, 136, 137, 141, 142, 148, 151, 174, 86-001   Business, Barhamsville 074 Business, Centerville 132 Business, Croaker 031 Business, Diascund041, 043 Business, Five Forks 84-102 Business, Grove 052, 087, 131 Business, Lightfoot 061 Business, Norge 037, 047, 151 Business, Williamsburg 003, 008, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 021, 024, 034, 038, 040, 052, 053, 054, 073, 096, 066, 068, 077, 078, 097, 109, 111, 114, 117, 121, 131, 132, 142, 143, 156, 86-001, C Christmas 004, 014, 017, 020, 031, 033, 037, 041, 043, 047, 048, 049, 052, 054, 60, 061, 063, 068, 073, 074, 078, 087, 102, 114, 118, 132, 137, 148, 151, 174, Civil War 001, 006, 021, 033, 036, 038, 040, 043, 048, 053, 063, 072, 074, 078, 081, 083, 086, 100, 102, 111, 117, 118, 125, 130, 132, 136, 151, 174 Courts 001, 017, 052, 090, 093, 117, 130, 174 Crime 001, 021, 025, 021, 036, 052, 053, 063, 073, 097, 111, 132, 141, 142, 152, 148, 86-001 Croaker 017, 031, 038, 047, 117, 121, 130, 136, 137, 151, 86-001 D Depression 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 013, 014, 016, 017, 021, 029, 031, 033, 034, 036, 037, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 078, 081, 086, 090, 109, 111, 118, 121, 125, 130, 132, 137, 139, 142, 143, 148 Diascund 020, 041, 043 Disaster 031, 038, 041, 046, 048, 053, 063, 066, 074, 081, 083, 086, 097, 102, 104, 130, 139, 148 E Economy 006, 014, 017, 020, 021, 025, 033, 034, 035, 036, 038, 040, 041, 043, 048, 052, 053, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 086, 087, 090, 097, 102, 109, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 156, 174, 86-001 Education 001, 004, 005, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 068, 071, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 156, 174 Ewell 84-046 F Family Life 004, 005, 006, 008, 011, 013, 014, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 071, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 174, 86-001 Farming 001, 005, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 020, 021, 025, 031, 033, 035, 038, 041, 043, 044, 047, 048, 052, 053, 060, 061, 062, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 097, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 118, 130, 132, 136, 139, 142, 148, 151, 156, 174 Fishing 001, 031, 038, 043, 047, 048, 053, 078, 081, 083, 087, 090, 097, 102, 109, 114, 136 Five Forks 097, 100, 102, 114, 132, 151 G Government 001, 006, 009, 011, 013, 017, 033, 034, 046, 049, 052, 053, 054, 062, 072, 077, 090, 118, 139 Grove 001, 017, 035, 052, 053, 062, 072, 078, 087, 131, 136, 139, 156 Growth 001, 004, 005, 008, 009, 011, 013, 015, 016, 017, 020, 033, 034, 036, 041, 060, 062, 066, 071, 073, 077, 087, 097, 125, 130, 139, 141, 86-001 H Hunting 001, 020, 048, 083, 102, 109, 114, 130, 141, 142, 156 J James City County 013 Jamestown 001, 003, 005, 017, 020, 033, 034, 036, 040, 049, 054, 060, 078, 081, 083, 093, 097, 100, 102, 111, 114, 132, 139, 141 L Lanexa 011, 038, 043 Lightfoot 001, 020, 036, 046, 047, 061, 074, 109, 117, 132, 141, 142, 148, 151 Lumbering 005, 006, 020, 035, 038, 046, 048, 074, 102, 117, 130, 132, 143, 151 M Medicine 004, 006, 008, 009, 013, 014, 016, 020, 121, 029, 034, 038, 041, 043, 046, 048, 049, 052, 078, 083, 086, 087, 102, 104, 111, 113, 114, 125, 130, 132, 148 N Norge001, 006, 013, 020, 031, 034, 035, 036, 037, 046, 047, 061, 063, 097, 117, 139, 151, 86-001 R Recreation 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 025, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 041, 043, 046, 047, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 113, 114, 117, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 86-001 Religion 001, 004, 006, 009, 011, 013, 014, 017, 020, 021, 035, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 052, 053, 061, 062, 066, 071, 073, 074, 077, 079, 081, 083, 086, 087, 093, 102, 109, 111, 118, 121, 132, 137, 143, 151 Revolutionary War 001, 038, 040, 078, 081, 083, 100, 118, 125, 130, 139, 141, 151 S Shipping 005, 006, 043, 046, 048, 078, 081, 097, 100, 102, 114, 118, 141, 143, 156 Social Life 004, 034, 036, 037, 041, 109, 113 Superstitions004, 008, 013, 016, 017, 021, 038, 048, 049, 087, 090, 102, 111, 114, 130, 132 T Toano001, 005, 009, 021, 025, 031, 034, 036, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 061, 063, 074, 090, 109, 118, 130, 142, 148, 151, 86-001 Traditions 013, 017 Transportation 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 011, 014, 015, 017, 020, 021, 029, 031, 033, 034, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 086, 087, 093, 097, 102, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 174, 86-001 W Williamsburg001, 003, 005, 008, 009, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 021, 023, 029, 034, 036, 040, 046, 049, 053, 054, 060, 061, 066, 073, 077, 078, 079, 090, 093, 104, 109, 111, 113, 117, 121, 125, 131, 132, 139, 142, 143, 156, 86-001 World War I 020, 021, 029, 038, 041, 046, 047, 048, 054, 061, 063, 072, 081, 086, 097, 100, 102, 104, 111, 118, 125, 139, 148, 151, 156, 157 World War II 001, 003, 009, 013, 017, 020, 023, 025, 029, 033, 035, 037, 038, 043, 046, 047, 052, 053, 060, 061, 063, 066, 081, 083, 087, 102, 109, 111, 117, 118, 121, 132, 141, 151","Each folder includes a typed transcription of the cassette tape, often with a handwritten copy and/or changes made later by the interviewee. An index, with page numbers, of subjects covered in the interviews is included, plus a form with biographical information about the interviewee. There is a signed Release Form at the back of each folder. The transcriptions are filed in numerical order.","Occupation: Judge. Regarding local government, courts, physical changes, tours, depression, education at Matthew Whaley, recreation, homes and law enforcement.","Occupation: Retired Educator.","Occupation: Housewife, Bookkeeper.","Occupation: Farmer. Toano.","Bruton Heights School, Colonial Williamsburg and more.","Occupation: Physician at Eastern State Hospital.","Hotel Felix, Toano and more.","Occupation: Retired Clergyman and Museum Historical Teacher, Colonial Williamsburg Supervisor of Training. Williamsburg.","Occupation:  Physician.","Occupation: Waiter.","Occupation: Worked at Western Union, and William and Mary. Black History. Bruton High School.","Occupation:  Organist and Choir Director of Mt. Vernon Methodist Church.  Born in Lightfoot, lived in Toano.","Williamsburg. Crump's Hotel. Civil War. Black History.","Occupation: Cook for W\u0026M College Presidents, in charge of Officers' Club at Camp Peary.","Occupation:  Principal of Mathew Whaley.","Occupation: Home Owner. Lived in Toano.","Croaker.  Norge in the 1950's.  Lutheran Church.","Occupation:  Milk Distributor.  Family moved to JCC in  1905.  He was born on Neck-o-land Road.","Occupation:  Frazier-Graves Co., Inc., Men's Cothing Store on Duke of Gloucester Street.","Moved to Williamsburg in 1903.  General Williamsburg history and changes.","Father, Mr. Bennett, a faculty member at William and Mary and Superintendent of Williamsburg's Public Schools.  Born 1898.","Occupation:  Retired U.S. Postal Clerk. Lived in Norge. Norwegian Families.","Occupation: Math Teacher and Housewife. Family were farmers in Toano. Born 1898.","Early days in Williamsburg and James City County. Family from Williamsburg area for many generations. Jerusalem Baptist Church.","Attended William and Mary 1920-1923. Rector of Hickory Neck as a young man. Harrison Family. Carter's Grove.","Her youth in Williamsburg.","Moved to James City County in 1908. Old Academy School. Toano area.","Occupation:  Teacher at Diascund School. Born 1901 in James City County near New Kent County line.  Education.","Occupation:  Farmer.  Norge.  Moved to Hill Pleasant Farm in 1912 and to Norge in 1904.","Occupation: Mr. Jenson was a Rural Mail Carrier and his wife a housewife. Born 1890's. Lived in Norge. Norwegian Families.","Occupation:  Handyman.  Born1905. Toano. Chickahominy Road.","Moved to Williamsburg in 1906.  Childhood in Williamsburg.","Occupation:  Automobile Saleman. Norwegian Families.  Norge and Lightfoot.","Naval Weapons Station.  York County. Black History.","Grove. Naval Weapons Station.  Black History.  Civil War.","Occupation:  Teacher, Training Supervisor for Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, author and more. Williamsburg in 1950's.","Norwegian Families. Norway. Moved to Williamsburg area in early 1970's.","Lightfoot. Norge. Norwegian Families.","Occupation: Minister and School Teacher. Born in 1903. Arrived in James City County in 1925. Black History.","Toano. Born 1906.","Occupation:  Mathematician.  Father was Dean of William and Mary Law School. Born 1925.","Occupation:  Sweet Baker at Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.  Born 1903. Black History.","1940's and 1950's memories of Williamsburg.","Occupation: Baptist Minister. Moved to Williamsburg in 1952.","Grove. York County. Naval Weapons Station. Black History. Sacalis Family.","Moved to Williamsburg about 1925. Burns Lane.","Occupation: Teacher. Born about 1900. Barhamsville.","Occupation:  Museum Director, writer.  Born 1915.  Moved to Williamsburg in 1951.","Born 1893 in James City County. Carter's Grove. Booth Family.","Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Black History.","Williamsburg in 1920's and 1930's and later.","Moved to Williamsburg in 1943. James City County Bible and Agriculture Training School.","Barhamsville. New Kent. Born about 1900.","Occupation: Pastor. Born 1926. Camp Peary. Black History.","Occupation: Farmer. Born 1915 in James City County. Civil War. Toano. New Kent.","Occupation: Attorney. Born 1899 at Sherwood Forest\" New Kent County. Williamsburg in early 1900's.","Born 1919 in James City County. Carter's Grove. Lake Powell.","Born 1928. 18th Century.  Property ownership in James City County.","Waltrip Family. Born 1921 in Five Forks. James City County.","Occupation:  Housewife.  Grew up on Nicholson Street in Williamsburg.","Father went to William and Mary and was Professor/Chair of Chemistry Department.  Born in 1928.  Chandler Court.  Bruton Parish.","Dore Family. Peacock Hill.  Early 1900's.","Wife of Dr. Baxter Bell of Bell Hospital. Talks of Eastern State, Bell Hospital and more. Occupation: Nurse.","Born early 1900s.  Jamestown Island. Hickory Signpost Road. Black History.","Growing up in Williamsburg area.","Occupation:  Real Estate, Lumber. Born 1916 in James City County at Windsor Castle. Mayflower descendant of Francis Eaton.  Toano.  Forge Road. Burnt Ordinary.  Farming.","Born 1907. York Street.  Black History.","Family store in Toano. Schools in Toano and Williamsburg, and William and Mary.","Garrett Family, Father on faculty at William and Mary.  Born 1898.","Occupation:  Vice President of Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.  Born in 1911. Carter's Grove.  Grove.","Skipwith Farm.  Farming.  Longhill Road. Early 1900's.","Grove. York County.  Naval Weapons Station.  Black History.","Born about 1900.  Moved to James City County in 1920. Farming.","Occupation:  Teacher.  Moved to Williamsburg in 1918.  Born in 1910.","Family Occupation: Farmer.  Lived in Kingsmill area, Longhill Road and Camp Peary.","Occupation:  Food Purchasing Agent for Colonial Williamsburg.  Family lived in Williamsburg for many generations.","Occupation:  Owner of Kinnamon's Garage and Wrecker Service. Born 1913. Came to Williamsburg in 1919.","Transcript not located.","Born 1890.  Lived on Chickahominy Road, born in Fluvanna, Virginia.  Did farm work for Hankins family.","Williamsburg Female Institute. Born about 1900.","Occupation:  Teacher.  Toano.  Moved to James City County in 1920.","Norge. Norwegian families.","Occupation:  Barber. Born in Raleigh, North Carolina. Hotel near Williamsburg Inn.","Born 1908 in Williamsburg.  Norwegian Families. Wickre Street in Williamsburg.","Occupation:  Director Emeritus, Virginia Historical Society.  Born 1916 in Toano. Vaiden family.","Williamsburg.","Came to Williamsburg in 1918 with her first husband who was a stave (barrel) sawyer. Mr. Griesenauer was a Potter.","No transcript, but one cassette tape.","Published by the James City County Historical Commission. Edited by Nancy Smith Bradshaw. Acc. 1993.55."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","James City County Historical Commission","Belvin, Edward"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"famname_ssim":["James City County Historical Commission"],"persname_ssim":["Belvin, Edward"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":218,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:20:42.771Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James City County Oral History Collection holds two copies of transcripts and one corresponding cassette tapes of the Oral History Project directed by Robinette Fitzsimmon of the James City County Historical Commission. The collections includes interviews of residents of James City County, the City of Williamsburg, and York County, Virginia.  Topics range from education to farming to Eastern State Hospital.  Time periods covered begin with family memories from the Revolutionary War to the 1980's.  Many interviewees were born in late 1800's to early 1900's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSwem Library did not receive all the cassette tapes or transcripts as listed on the JCC Historical Commission Accession system.  These interviews were either never done or not received by Swem Library's Special Collections Research Center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAudiocassettes have been digitized and are available to listen in the reading room. At least 72 hours advanced notice required for access.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprehensive Subject Index, Alphabetical index by Participants and Numerical Index (Key Index) by Assigned Participant Numbers. The subject index lists the numbers assigned by the JCC Historical Commission. Use these numbers on the numerical index to find the person interviewed. You may also search alphabetically by participant. These indices are filed in the front of each box. Participants Index by Accession Number 84-001 Judge Robert T. Armistead 84-003 Ed Belvin 84-004 Alleyne Blayton 84-005 Virginia Vaiden Bowen 84-006 C. Hammond Branch 84-008 Mary E.Brown 84-009 Robert Lawrence Caldwell 84-011 Joseph Hammond Carlton 84-013 Richard Hughes Carter 84-014 Dr. Carlton Jerome Casey 84-015 Thomas Coleman 84-016 Phillip Cooke 84-017 Phillip Cooke 84-020 Ruth Cowles 84-021 Preston Crump 84-023 William Cumber 84-025 Caroline Dozier 84-029 Jean Etheridge 84-031 Ethel and Leonard Ford 84-033 Willard Gilley 84-034 Leonard Graves 84-035 Rose Gross 84-036 Gladys Guy 84-037 Frances Hamilton 84-038 Ruth Hankins 84-039 Clara Harris 84-040 Rev. Carter Harrison 84-041 Gracie Lillian Slater Hazelwood 84-042 Mabel Hazelwood 84-043 Edna Hockaday 84-046 Harold Hunt, Sr. 84-047 Mr. and Mrs. Willis Jenson 84-048 Sam T. Jones 84-049 Dr. Janet Kimbrough 84-051 Herman Kinde, Occupation: Automobile Saleman. Norwegian Families. Norge and Lightfoot. 84-052 Alexander Lee 84-053 Harris Lee, Sr. 84-054 Shirley Payne Low 84-060 Berit T. Mesarick 84-061 Doris Wildenburger and Pearl Miller 84-062 Rev. Junius Moody 84-063 Mildred Moody 84-066 Julia Oxrieder 84-068 Elizabeth Parrilla 84-070 Catherine Pippin 84-071 Rev. Thomas Pugh 84-072 Grace Radcliffe 84-073 Alma Ransone 84-074 Arline Richardson 84-077 Parke Rouse 84-078 Clara Russell 84-079 Hattie J. Sasser 84-081 Lettie Slauson and Lillian Sutton 84-083 O.M. Smith 84-086 Edward Stewart 84-087 Rev. James B. Tabb 84-090 Stewart Taylor 84-093 D. Gardiner Tyler 84-097 George Waltrip 84-100 Frances Murray White 84-102 Peggy Zuzma 84-104 Lydia Gardner 84-109 Francis Robb 84-111 Thelma Pederson 84-113 Imogene Bell 84-114 John Marcellos and Lawrence Rowe 84-117 George Farthing 84-118 David Ware 84-121 Samuel Nelson Parker 84-124 Betty Meanly Crenshaw 84-125 Carra Dillard 85-130 John Jennings 84-131 Mildred Layne 84-132 Maria Mapp 84-136 Knox Ratcliffe and Harold Radcliffe 84-137 Nannie Kay Ripley 84-139 Alice Tudor 84-141 R.B (Benny). Gilliam 84-142 Forrest Griffin 84-143 Wilton Kinnamon 84-144 A.C. \"Pete\" Hunt, Sr. 84-147 Charlie Fields 84-148 Mrs. Dewey Renick 84-149 Mrs. Louise Meanley 84-151 Herman Kinde 84-152 Louise Herring 84-156 Willard Epperson 84-157 Virgie Wickre Newton Walter Owens (no transcript), but 1 cassette tape dated 12/8/87 85-130 John Jennings 86-001 Doris Epps 86-002 Mrs. Paul Grisenauer Alphabetical List of Participants Judge Robert T. Armistead 84-001 Imogene Bell 84-113 Ed Belvin 84-003 Alleyne Blayton 84-004 Virginia Vaiden Bowen 84-005 C. Hammond Branch 84-006 Mary E.Brown 84-008 Robert Lawrence Caldwell 84-009 Joseph Hammond Carlton 84-011 Richard Hughes Carter 84-013 Dr. Carlton Jerome Casey 84-014 Thomas Coleman 84-015 Phillip Cooke 84-016, 84-107 Ruth Cowles 84-020 Betty Meanly Crenshaw 84-124 Preston Crump 84-021 William Cumber 84-023 Carra Dillard 84-125 Caroline Dozier 84-025 Willard Epperson 84-156 Doris Epps 86-001 Jean Etheridge 84-029 George Farthing 84-117 Charlie Fields 84-147 Ethel and Leonard Ford 84-031 Lydia Gardner 84-104 Willard Gilley 84-033 R.B (Benny). Gilliam 84-141 Leonard Graves 84-034 Forrest Griffin 84-142 Rose Gross 84-035 Mrs. Paul Grisenauer 86-002 Gladys Guy 84-036 Frances Hamilton 84-037 Ruth Hankins 84-038 Clara Harris 84-039 Rev. Carter Harrison 84-040 Gracie Lillian Slater Hazelwood 84-041 Mabel Hazelwood 84-042 Louise Herring 84-152 Edna Hockaday 84-043 A.C. \"Pete\" Hunt, Sr. 84-144 Harold Hunt, Sr. 84-046 John Jennings 85-130 Mr. and Mrs. Willis Jenson 84-047 Sam T. Jones 84-048 Dr. Janet Kimbrough 84-049 Herman Kinde 84-151 Wilton Kinnamon 84-143 Mildred Layne 84-131 Alexander Lee 84-052 Harris Lee, Sr. 84-053 Shirley Payne Low 84-054 Maria Mapp 84-132 Mrs. Louise Meanley 84-149 Berit T. Mesarick 84-060 Doris Wildenburger and Pearl Miller 84-061 Rev. Junius Moody 84-062 Mildred Moody 84-063 Virgie Wickre Newton 84-157 Walter Owens (no transcript), but 1 cassette tape dated 12/8/87 Julia Oxrieder 84-066 Samuel Nelson Parker 84-121 Elizabeth Parrilla 84-068 Thelma Pederson 84-111 Catherine Pippin 84-070 Rev. Thomas Pugh 84-071 Grace Radcliffe 84-072 Knox Ratcliffe and Harold Radcliffe 84-136 Alma Ransone 84-073 Mrs. Dewey Renick 84-148 Nannie Kay Ripley 84-137 Arline Richardson 84-074 Francis Robb 84-109 Parke Rouse 84-077 John Marcellos and Lawrence Rowe 84-114 Clara Russell 84-078 Hattie J. Sasser 84-079 Lettie Slauson and Lillian Sutton 84-081 O.M. Smith 84-083 Edward Stewart 84-086 Rev. James B. Tabb 84-087 Stewart Taylor 84-090 Alice Tudor 84-139 D. Gardiner Tyler 84-093 George Waltrip 84-097 David Ware 84-118 Frances Murray White 84-100 Peggy Zuzma 84-102   Subject Index A Archaelogy 001, 100 Architecture 013 Aviation 003 B Barhamsville047, 074, 090 Black/White relations 84-: 004, 013, 014, 016, 017, 023, 031, 035, 036, 038, 043, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 071, 072, 074, 077, 078, 079, 081, 083, 087, 097, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 113, 114, 118, 121, 125, 131, 132, 136, 137, 141, 142, 148, 151, 174, 86-001   Business, Barhamsville 074 Business, Centerville 132 Business, Croaker 031 Business, Diascund041, 043 Business, Five Forks 84-102 Business, Grove 052, 087, 131 Business, Lightfoot 061 Business, Norge 037, 047, 151 Business, Williamsburg 003, 008, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 021, 024, 034, 038, 040, 052, 053, 054, 073, 096, 066, 068, 077, 078, 097, 109, 111, 114, 117, 121, 131, 132, 142, 143, 156, 86-001, C Christmas 004, 014, 017, 020, 031, 033, 037, 041, 043, 047, 048, 049, 052, 054, 60, 061, 063, 068, 073, 074, 078, 087, 102, 114, 118, 132, 137, 148, 151, 174, Civil War 001, 006, 021, 033, 036, 038, 040, 043, 048, 053, 063, 072, 074, 078, 081, 083, 086, 100, 102, 111, 117, 118, 125, 130, 132, 136, 151, 174 Courts 001, 017, 052, 090, 093, 117, 130, 174 Crime 001, 021, 025, 021, 036, 052, 053, 063, 073, 097, 111, 132, 141, 142, 152, 148, 86-001 Croaker 017, 031, 038, 047, 117, 121, 130, 136, 137, 151, 86-001 D Depression 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 013, 014, 016, 017, 021, 029, 031, 033, 034, 036, 037, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 078, 081, 086, 090, 109, 111, 118, 121, 125, 130, 132, 137, 139, 142, 143, 148 Diascund 020, 041, 043 Disaster 031, 038, 041, 046, 048, 053, 063, 066, 074, 081, 083, 086, 097, 102, 104, 130, 139, 148 E Economy 006, 014, 017, 020, 021, 025, 033, 034, 035, 036, 038, 040, 041, 043, 048, 052, 053, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 086, 087, 090, 097, 102, 109, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 156, 174, 86-001 Education 001, 004, 005, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 068, 071, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 156, 174 Ewell 84-046 F Family Life 004, 005, 006, 008, 011, 013, 014, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 037, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 071, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 174, 86-001 Farming 001, 005, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 020, 021, 025, 031, 033, 035, 038, 041, 043, 044, 047, 048, 052, 053, 060, 061, 062, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 078, 081, 083, 086, 087, 090, 097, 100, 102, 104, 109, 111, 114, 118, 130, 132, 136, 139, 142, 148, 151, 156, 174 Fishing 001, 031, 038, 043, 047, 048, 053, 078, 081, 083, 087, 090, 097, 102, 109, 114, 136 Five Forks 097, 100, 102, 114, 132, 151 G Government 001, 006, 009, 011, 013, 017, 033, 034, 046, 049, 052, 053, 054, 062, 072, 077, 090, 118, 139 Grove 001, 017, 035, 052, 053, 062, 072, 078, 087, 131, 136, 139, 156 Growth 001, 004, 005, 008, 009, 011, 013, 015, 016, 017, 020, 033, 034, 036, 041, 060, 062, 066, 071, 073, 077, 087, 097, 125, 130, 139, 141, 86-001 H Hunting 001, 020, 048, 083, 102, 109, 114, 130, 141, 142, 156 J James City County 013 Jamestown 001, 003, 005, 017, 020, 033, 034, 036, 040, 049, 054, 060, 078, 081, 083, 093, 097, 100, 102, 111, 114, 132, 139, 141 L Lanexa 011, 038, 043 Lightfoot 001, 020, 036, 046, 047, 061, 074, 109, 117, 132, 141, 142, 148, 151 Lumbering 005, 006, 020, 035, 038, 046, 048, 074, 102, 117, 130, 132, 143, 151 M Medicine 004, 006, 008, 009, 013, 014, 016, 020, 121, 029, 034, 038, 041, 043, 046, 048, 049, 052, 078, 083, 086, 087, 102, 104, 111, 113, 114, 125, 130, 132, 148 N Norge001, 006, 013, 020, 031, 034, 035, 036, 037, 046, 047, 061, 063, 097, 117, 139, 151, 86-001 R Recreation 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 011, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 023, 025, 029, 031, 033, 034, 035, 036, 041, 043, 046, 047, 049, 052, 053, 054, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 087, 090, 093, 097, 102, 104, 109, 111, 113, 114, 117, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 86-001 Religion 001, 004, 006, 009, 011, 013, 014, 017, 020, 021, 035, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 052, 053, 061, 062, 066, 071, 073, 074, 077, 079, 081, 083, 086, 087, 093, 102, 109, 111, 118, 121, 132, 137, 143, 151 Revolutionary War 001, 038, 040, 078, 081, 083, 100, 118, 125, 130, 139, 141, 151 S Shipping 005, 006, 043, 046, 048, 078, 081, 097, 100, 102, 114, 118, 141, 143, 156 Social Life 004, 034, 036, 037, 041, 109, 113 Superstitions004, 008, 013, 016, 017, 021, 038, 048, 049, 087, 090, 102, 111, 114, 130, 132 T Toano001, 005, 009, 021, 025, 031, 034, 036, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 061, 063, 074, 090, 109, 118, 130, 142, 148, 151, 86-001 Traditions 013, 017 Transportation 001, 003, 004, 006, 008, 009, 011, 014, 015, 017, 020, 021, 029, 031, 033, 034, 038, 040, 041, 043, 046, 047, 048, 049, 052, 053, 060, 061, 062, 063, 066, 068, 072, 073, 074, 077, 078, 081, 086, 087, 093, 097, 102, 109, 111, 114, 117, 118, 121, 125, 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 139, 141, 142, 143, 148, 151, 156, 174, 86-001 W Williamsburg001, 003, 005, 008, 009, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 021, 023, 029, 034, 036, 040, 046, 049, 053, 054, 060, 061, 066, 073, 077, 078, 079, 090, 093, 104, 109, 111, 113, 117, 121, 125, 131, 132, 139, 142, 143, 156, 86-001 World War I 020, 021, 029, 038, 041, 046, 047, 048, 054, 061, 063, 072, 081, 086, 097, 100, 102, 104, 111, 118, 125, 139, 148, 151, 156, 157 World War II 001, 003, 009, 013, 017, 020, 023, 025, 029, 033, 035, 037, 038, 043, 046, 047, 052, 053, 060, 061, 063, 066, 081, 083, 087, 102, 109, 111, 117, 118, 121, 132, 141, 151\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach folder includes a typed transcription of the cassette tape, often with a handwritten copy and/or changes made later by the interviewee. An index, with page numbers, of subjects covered in the interviews is included, plus a form with biographical information about the interviewee. There is a signed Release Form at the back of each folder. The transcriptions are filed in numerical order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Judge. Regarding local government, courts, physical changes, tours, depression, education at Matthew Whaley, recreation, homes and law enforcement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Retired Educator.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Housewife, Bookkeeper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Farmer. Toano.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBruton Heights School, Colonial Williamsburg and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Physician at Eastern State Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHotel Felix, Toano and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Retired Clergyman and Museum Historical Teacher, Colonial Williamsburg Supervisor of Training. Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Physician.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Waiter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Worked at Western Union, and William and Mary. Black History. Bruton High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Organist and Choir Director of Mt. Vernon Methodist Church.  Born in Lightfoot, lived in Toano.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg. Crump's Hotel. Civil War. Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Cook for W\u0026amp;M College Presidents, in charge of Officers' Club at Camp Peary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Principal of Mathew Whaley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Home Owner. Lived in Toano.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCroaker.  Norge in the 1950's.  Lutheran Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Milk Distributor.  Family moved to JCC in  1905.  He was born on Neck-o-land Road.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Frazier-Graves Co., Inc., Men's Cothing Store on Duke of Gloucester Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoved to Williamsburg in 1903.  General Williamsburg history and changes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFather, Mr. Bennett, a faculty member at William and Mary and Superintendent of Williamsburg's Public Schools.  Born 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Retired U.S. Postal Clerk. Lived in Norge. Norwegian Families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Math Teacher and Housewife. Family were farmers in Toano. Born 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly days in Williamsburg and James City County. Family from Williamsburg area for many generations. Jerusalem Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAttended William and Mary 1920-1923. Rector of Hickory Neck as a young man. Harrison Family. Carter's Grove.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer youth in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoved to James City County in 1908. Old Academy School. Toano area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Teacher at Diascund School. Born 1901 in James City County near New Kent County line.  Education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Farmer.  Norge.  Moved to Hill Pleasant Farm in 1912 and to Norge in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Mr. Jenson was a Rural Mail Carrier and his wife a housewife. Born 1890's. Lived in Norge. Norwegian Families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Handyman.  Born1905. Toano. Chickahominy Road.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoved to Williamsburg in 1906.  Childhood in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Automobile Saleman. Norwegian Families.  Norge and Lightfoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNaval Weapons Station.  York County. Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrove. Naval Weapons Station.  Black History.  Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Teacher, Training Supervisor for Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, author and more. Williamsburg in 1950's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorwegian Families. Norway. Moved to Williamsburg area in early 1970's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLightfoot. Norge. Norwegian Families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Minister and School Teacher. Born in 1903. Arrived in James City County in 1925. Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eToano. Born 1906.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Mathematician.  Father was Dean of William and Mary Law School. Born 1925.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Sweet Baker at Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.  Born 1903. Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1940's and 1950's memories of Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Baptist Minister. Moved to Williamsburg in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrove. York County. Naval Weapons Station. Black History. Sacalis Family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoved to Williamsburg about 1925. Burns Lane.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Teacher. Born about 1900. Barhamsville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Museum Director, writer.  Born 1915.  Moved to Williamsburg in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn 1893 in James City County. Carter's Grove. Booth Family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonial Williamsburg Foundation. Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg in 1920's and 1930's and later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoved to Williamsburg in 1943. James City County Bible and Agriculture Training School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarhamsville. New Kent. Born about 1900.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Pastor. Born 1926. Camp Peary. Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Farmer. Born 1915 in James City County. Civil War. Toano. New Kent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation: Attorney. Born 1899 at Sherwood Forest\" New Kent County. Williamsburg in early 1900's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn 1919 in James City County. Carter's Grove. Lake Powell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn 1928. 18th Century.  Property ownership in James City County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWaltrip Family. Born 1921 in Five Forks. James City County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Housewife.  Grew up on Nicholson Street in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFather went to William and Mary and was Professor/Chair of Chemistry Department.  Born in 1928.  Chandler Court.  Bruton Parish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDore Family. Peacock Hill.  Early 1900's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWife of Dr. Baxter Bell of Bell Hospital. Talks of Eastern State, Bell Hospital and more. Occupation: Nurse.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn early 1900s.  Jamestown Island. Hickory Signpost Road. Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrowing up in Williamsburg area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Real Estate, Lumber. Born 1916 in James City County at Windsor Castle. Mayflower descendant of Francis Eaton.  Toano.  Forge Road. Burnt Ordinary.  Farming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn 1907. York Street.  Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily store in Toano. Schools in Toano and Williamsburg, and William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Family, Father on faculty at William and Mary.  Born 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Vice President of Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.  Born in 1911. Carter's Grove.  Grove.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSkipwith Farm.  Farming.  Longhill Road. Early 1900's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrove. York County.  Naval Weapons Station.  Black History.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn about 1900.  Moved to James City County in 1920. Farming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Teacher.  Moved to Williamsburg in 1918.  Born in 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily Occupation: Farmer.  Lived in Kingsmill area, Longhill Road and Camp Peary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Food Purchasing Agent for Colonial Williamsburg.  Family lived in Williamsburg for many generations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Owner of Kinnamon's Garage and Wrecker Service. Born 1913. Came to Williamsburg in 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript not located.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn 1890.  Lived on Chickahominy Road, born in Fluvanna, Virginia.  Did farm work for Hankins family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg Female Institute. Born about 1900.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Teacher.  Toano.  Moved to James City County in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorge. Norwegian families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Barber. Born in Raleigh, North Carolina. Hotel near Williamsburg Inn.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn 1908 in Williamsburg.  Norwegian Families. Wickre Street in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOccupation:  Director Emeritus, Virginia Historical Society.  Born 1916 in Toano. Vaiden family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCame to Williamsburg in 1918 with her first husband who was a stave (barrel) sawyer. Mr. Griesenauer was a Potter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo transcript, but one cassette tape.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by the James City County Historical Commission. Edited by Nancy Smith Bradshaw. Acc. 1993.55.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8593_c03_c04"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection of research materials about William R. Clark","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wood, Alexander Barbour","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a donor letter and accompanying materials about William R. Clark, specifically a photograph of Clark with Michael Dukakis and a copy of his Curriculum Vitae. The letter includes memories of interactions with Clark. There is also a photograph of male members of the Randolph Street Methodist Church, Lexington, Virginia (circa 1955).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_312.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collection of research materials about William R. Clark","title_ssm":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"title_tesim":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950, circa 1955, 2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950, circa 1955, 2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0432","/repositories/5/resources/312"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0432","/repositories/5/resources/312","Collection of research materials about William R. Clark","Virginia -- Lexington","Correspondence","Church history","African American churches","Dr. William R. Clark was born on January 21, 1923 in Lexington, Va. He attended Lexington High School and graduated in 1942 from St. Emma Military Academy. In 1949, he graduated from Cedarville College. He earned a master's degree in education in 1954 and a doctorate in 1967 from the University of Colorado at Greeley. Clark served in the Army during World War II and the Korean War. He was a lifelong educator and was appointed as a trustee of North Adams State College in 1985 by Gov. Michael Dukakis. He died in Massachusetts on November 21, 1990.","This collection consists of a donor letter and accompanying materials about William R. Clark, specifically a photograph of Clark with Michael Dukakis and a copy of his Curriculum Vitae.  The letter includes memories of interactions with Clark. There is also a photograph of male members of the Randolph Street Methodist Church, Lexington, Virginia (circa 1955).","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Wood, Alexander Barbour","Clark, William R.","The collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0432","/repositories/5/resources/312"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"creator_ssm":["Wood, Alexander Barbour"],"creator_ssim":["Wood, Alexander Barbour"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wood, Alexander Barbour"],"creators_ssim":["Wood, Alexander Barbour"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Lexington"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alexander Wood"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Church history","African American churches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Church history","African American churches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. William R. Clark was born on January 21, 1923 in Lexington, Va. He attended Lexington High School and graduated in 1942 from St. Emma Military Academy. In 1949, he graduated from Cedarville College. He earned a master's degree in education in 1954 and a doctorate in 1967 from the University of Colorado at Greeley. Clark served in the Army during World War II and the Korean War. He was a lifelong educator and was appointed as a trustee of North Adams State College in 1985 by Gov. Michael Dukakis. He died in Massachusetts on November 21, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. William R. Clark was born on January 21, 1923 in Lexington, Va. He attended Lexington High School and graduated in 1942 from St. Emma Military Academy. In 1949, he graduated from Cedarville College. He earned a master's degree in education in 1954 and a doctorate in 1967 from the University of Colorado at Greeley. Clark served in the Army during World War II and the Korean War. He was a lifelong educator and was appointed as a trustee of North Adams State College in 1985 by Gov. Michael Dukakis. He died in Massachusetts on November 21, 1990."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Collection of Research Materials about William R. Clark (WLU Coll. 0432), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Collection of Research Materials about William R. Clark (WLU Coll. 0432), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a donor letter and accompanying materials about William R. Clark, specifically a photograph of Clark with Michael Dukakis and a copy of his Curriculum Vitae.  The letter includes memories of interactions with Clark. There is also a photograph of male members of the Randolph Street Methodist Church, Lexington, Virginia (circa 1955).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a donor letter and accompanying materials about William R. Clark, specifically a photograph of Clark with Michael Dukakis and a copy of his Curriculum Vitae.  The letter includes memories of interactions with Clark. There is also a photograph of male members of the Randolph Street Methodist Church, Lexington, Virginia (circa 1955)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"names_coll_ssim":["Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Clark, William R."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Wood, Alexander Barbour","Clark, William R."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Wood, Alexander Barbour","Clark, William R."],"language_ssim":["The collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:17:39.356Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_312.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Collection of research materials about William R. Clark","title_ssm":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"title_tesim":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950, circa 1955, 2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950, circa 1955, 2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0432","/repositories/5/resources/312"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0432","/repositories/5/resources/312","Collection of research materials about William R. Clark","Virginia -- Lexington","Correspondence","Church history","African American churches","Dr. William R. Clark was born on January 21, 1923 in Lexington, Va. He attended Lexington High School and graduated in 1942 from St. Emma Military Academy. In 1949, he graduated from Cedarville College. He earned a master's degree in education in 1954 and a doctorate in 1967 from the University of Colorado at Greeley. Clark served in the Army during World War II and the Korean War. He was a lifelong educator and was appointed as a trustee of North Adams State College in 1985 by Gov. Michael Dukakis. He died in Massachusetts on November 21, 1990.","This collection consists of a donor letter and accompanying materials about William R. Clark, specifically a photograph of Clark with Michael Dukakis and a copy of his Curriculum Vitae.  The letter includes memories of interactions with Clark. There is also a photograph of male members of the Randolph Street Methodist Church, Lexington, Virginia (circa 1955).","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Wood, Alexander Barbour","Clark, William R.","The collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0432","/repositories/5/resources/312"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection of research materials about William R. Clark"],"collection_ssim":["Collection of research materials about William R. 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Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alexander Wood"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Church history","African American churches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Church history","African American churches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. William R. Clark was born on January 21, 1923 in Lexington, Va. He attended Lexington High School and graduated in 1942 from St. Emma Military Academy. In 1949, he graduated from Cedarville College. 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Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"names_coll_ssim":["Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Clark, William R."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)","Wood, Alexander Barbour","Clark, William R."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Randolph Street Methodist Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Wood, Alexander Barbour","Clark, William R."],"language_ssim":["The collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-24T23:17:39.356Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_312"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Walker, Wyatt Tee","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_27.xml","title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1953-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"text":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27","Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection","Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)","Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets","The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.","Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1:  Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church Subseries 3.1: Sermons Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera Subseries 3.3: Administrative records Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference Subseries 4.1: Administrative Subseries 4.2: Correspondence Subseries 4.3: Publications Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns Subseries 4.5: Legal work Subseries 4.6: Related organizations Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The series currently includes three subseries: Subseries 2.1, Childhood and Education, 2.2 Correspondence, and Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work.","Material is organized into seven subseries:","Subseries 4.1: Administrative,  Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, Subseries 4.3: Publications,   Subseries 4.4: Programs,  Subseries 4.5: Legal work,  Subseries 4.6: Related organizations, Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. ","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.","Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.","Although portions of it are publicly available, this series is still in progress, and it is likely that Subseries 2.3 will expand rapidly with the addition of Walker's extensive writings.","Subseries 2.3 is likely to expand in the future with the addition of Walker's extensive writings on Civil Rights.","Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.","Series 1, Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker, currently includes notes on arrests, and arrest records.","This series contains material related to Dr. Walker's personal and professional activities outside of Gillfield, Canaan, and the SCLC.","Subseries 2.2: Correspondence, includes personal correspondence from or to Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","This folder contains a 1963 version of the musical  Jerico-Jim-Crow-Jerico .","Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work, includes material pertaining to Walker's religious and civil rights activities not connected to Gillfield Baptist Church, Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, or the SCLC. It includes material concerning his efforts to integrate the Petersburg, VA library, and service programs from other churches like the Mount Level Baptist Church.","Series 3, Gillfield Baptist Church, includes material pertaining to Dr. Walker's work as pastor there like sermons, service programs, and meeting minutes.","Subseries 3.1, Sermons, contains notes and sermons from Walker's tenure at Gillfield Baptist Church. The material is organized as we received it, some topically and some chronologically. Often the service program is included with the sermon script or outline.","Topics include Thanksgiving, etc.","Series 3.2, Programs and ephemera, consists of programs and other items from Gillfield Baptist Church. These materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 3.3, Administrative, has financial and correspondence records from Walker's time at Gillfield, including from his installation as pastor in 1953.","Series 4, Southern Christian Leadership Conference contains all material from Dr. Walker's time as executive director of SCLC, including programs, notes, administrative and legal documents, campaign materials and correspondence.","Subseries 4.1, Administrative, includes administrative records from Walker's time at SCLC, comprised of meeting minutes, reports, internal memos, and other financial documentation.","Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, includes general correspondence from SCLC, as well as specific correspondence dealing with the Birmingham campaign. Materials are organized chronolgocially.","Subseries 4.3: Publications includes official material published by SCLC, such as advertisements, press releases, pamhplets, and more.","Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns includes notes and promotional material related to specific programs or campaigns run by SCLC during Walker's time with the organization.","Subseries 4.5: Legal work includes records of legal action taken by SCLC. The materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 4.6: Related organizations includes materials from other (mainly legal and civil rights) organizations that Walker and SCLC worked with.","Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. includes speeches, notes, writings, correspondence, and other printed material directly relating to Dr. King in his work with Walker at SCLC.","Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"","This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","University of Richmond ","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"creator_ssm":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creators_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"places_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Material was donated to the university by Dr. Walker, his wife, and their family."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["50 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["This is an approximate estimate while we wait for the final deposit and complete processing."],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph\u003eSeries 1:\u003c/emph\u003e Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.1: Sermons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.3: Administrative records\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.1: Administrative\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series currently includes three subseries: Subseries 2.1, Childhood and Education, 2.2 Correspondence, and Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial is organized into seven subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003clist numeration=\"upperalpha\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.1: Administrative, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence,\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e Subseries 4.4: Programs, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations,\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1:  Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church Subseries 3.1: Sermons Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera Subseries 3.3: Administrative records Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference Subseries 4.1: Administrative Subseries 4.2: Correspondence Subseries 4.3: Publications Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns Subseries 4.5: Legal work Subseries 4.6: Related organizations Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The series currently includes three subseries: Subseries 2.1, Childhood and Education, 2.2 Correspondence, and Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work.","Material is organized into seven subseries:","Subseries 4.1: Administrative,  Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, Subseries 4.3: Publications,   Subseries 4.4: Programs,  Subseries 4.5: Legal work,  Subseries 4.6: Related organizations, Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. ","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough portions of it are publicly available, this series is still in progress, and it is likely that Subseries 2.3 will expand rapidly with the addition of Walker's extensive writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3 is likely to expand in the future with the addition of Walker's extensive writings on Civil Rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.","Although portions of it are publicly available, this series is still in progress, and it is likely that Subseries 2.3 will expand rapidly with the addition of Walker's extensive writings.","Subseries 2.3 is likely to expand in the future with the addition of Walker's extensive writings on Civil Rights."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker, currently includes notes on arrests, and arrest records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material related to Dr. Walker's personal and professional activities outside of Gillfield, Canaan, and the SCLC.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence, includes personal correspondence from or to Dr. and Mrs. Walker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 1963 version of the musical \u003ctitle\u003eJerico-Jim-Crow-Jerico\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work, includes material pertaining to Walker's religious and civil rights activities not connected to Gillfield Baptist Church, Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, or the SCLC. It includes material concerning his efforts to integrate the Petersburg, VA library, and service programs from other churches like the Mount Level Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Gillfield Baptist Church, includes material pertaining to Dr. Walker's work as pastor there like sermons, service programs, and meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.1, Sermons, contains notes and sermons from Walker's tenure at Gillfield Baptist Church. The material is organized as we received it, some topically and some chronologically. Often the service program is included with the sermon script or outline.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include Thanksgiving, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3.2, Programs and ephemera, consists of programs and other items from Gillfield Baptist Church. These materials are organized chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.3, Administrative, has financial and correspondence records from Walker's time at Gillfield, including from his installation as pastor in 1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Southern Christian Leadership Conference contains all material from Dr. Walker's time as executive director of SCLC, including programs, notes, administrative and legal documents, campaign materials and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1, Administrative, includes administrative records from Walker's time at SCLC, comprised of meeting minutes, reports, internal memos, and other financial documentation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence, includes general correspondence from SCLC, as well as specific correspondence dealing with the Birmingham campaign. Materials are organized chronolgocially.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications includes official material published by SCLC, such as advertisements, press releases, pamhplets, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns includes notes and promotional material related to specific programs or campaigns run by SCLC during Walker's time with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work includes records of legal action taken by SCLC. The materials are organized chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations includes materials from other (mainly legal and civil rights) organizations that Walker and SCLC worked with.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. includes speeches, notes, writings, correspondence, and other printed material directly relating to Dr. King in his work with Walker at SCLC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.","Series 1, Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker, currently includes notes on arrests, and arrest records.","This series contains material related to Dr. Walker's personal and professional activities outside of Gillfield, Canaan, and the SCLC.","Subseries 2.2: Correspondence, includes personal correspondence from or to Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","This folder contains a 1963 version of the musical  Jerico-Jim-Crow-Jerico .","Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work, includes material pertaining to Walker's religious and civil rights activities not connected to Gillfield Baptist Church, Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, or the SCLC. It includes material concerning his efforts to integrate the Petersburg, VA library, and service programs from other churches like the Mount Level Baptist Church.","Series 3, Gillfield Baptist Church, includes material pertaining to Dr. Walker's work as pastor there like sermons, service programs, and meeting minutes.","Subseries 3.1, Sermons, contains notes and sermons from Walker's tenure at Gillfield Baptist Church. The material is organized as we received it, some topically and some chronologically. Often the service program is included with the sermon script or outline.","Topics include Thanksgiving, etc.","Series 3.2, Programs and ephemera, consists of programs and other items from Gillfield Baptist Church. These materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 3.3, Administrative, has financial and correspondence records from Walker's time at Gillfield, including from his installation as pastor in 1953.","Series 4, Southern Christian Leadership Conference contains all material from Dr. Walker's time as executive director of SCLC, including programs, notes, administrative and legal documents, campaign materials and correspondence.","Subseries 4.1, Administrative, includes administrative records from Walker's time at SCLC, comprised of meeting minutes, reports, internal memos, and other financial documentation.","Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, includes general correspondence from SCLC, as well as specific correspondence dealing with the Birmingham campaign. Materials are organized chronolgocially.","Subseries 4.3: Publications includes official material published by SCLC, such as advertisements, press releases, pamhplets, and more.","Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns includes notes and promotional material related to specific programs or campaigns run by SCLC during Walker's time with the organization.","Subseries 4.5: Legal work includes records of legal action taken by SCLC. The materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 4.6: Related organizations includes materials from other (mainly legal and civil rights) organizations that Walker and SCLC worked with.","Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. includes speeches, notes, writings, correspondence, and other printed material directly relating to Dr. King in his work with Walker at SCLC."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\""],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99a2c806065b9d964d30006dd304b175\"\u003eThis collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker."],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Christian Leadership Conference","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":190,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-10T16:07:55.338Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_27.xml","title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1953-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1953-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"text":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27","Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection","Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)","Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets","The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.","Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1:  Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church Subseries 3.1: Sermons Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera Subseries 3.3: Administrative records Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference Subseries 4.1: Administrative Subseries 4.2: Correspondence Subseries 4.3: Publications Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns Subseries 4.5: Legal work Subseries 4.6: Related organizations Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The series currently includes three subseries: Subseries 2.1, Childhood and Education, 2.2 Correspondence, and Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work.","Material is organized into seven subseries:","Subseries 4.1: Administrative,  Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, Subseries 4.3: Publications,   Subseries 4.4: Programs,  Subseries 4.5: Legal work,  Subseries 4.6: Related organizations, Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. ","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.","Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.","Although portions of it are publicly available, this series is still in progress, and it is likely that Subseries 2.3 will expand rapidly with the addition of Walker's extensive writings.","Subseries 2.3 is likely to expand in the future with the addition of Walker's extensive writings on Civil Rights.","Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.","Series 1, Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker, currently includes notes on arrests, and arrest records.","This series contains material related to Dr. Walker's personal and professional activities outside of Gillfield, Canaan, and the SCLC.","Subseries 2.2: Correspondence, includes personal correspondence from or to Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","This folder contains a 1963 version of the musical  Jerico-Jim-Crow-Jerico .","Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work, includes material pertaining to Walker's religious and civil rights activities not connected to Gillfield Baptist Church, Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, or the SCLC. It includes material concerning his efforts to integrate the Petersburg, VA library, and service programs from other churches like the Mount Level Baptist Church.","Series 3, Gillfield Baptist Church, includes material pertaining to Dr. Walker's work as pastor there like sermons, service programs, and meeting minutes.","Subseries 3.1, Sermons, contains notes and sermons from Walker's tenure at Gillfield Baptist Church. The material is organized as we received it, some topically and some chronologically. Often the service program is included with the sermon script or outline.","Topics include Thanksgiving, etc.","Series 3.2, Programs and ephemera, consists of programs and other items from Gillfield Baptist Church. These materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 3.3, Administrative, has financial and correspondence records from Walker's time at Gillfield, including from his installation as pastor in 1953.","Series 4, Southern Christian Leadership Conference contains all material from Dr. Walker's time as executive director of SCLC, including programs, notes, administrative and legal documents, campaign materials and correspondence.","Subseries 4.1, Administrative, includes administrative records from Walker's time at SCLC, comprised of meeting minutes, reports, internal memos, and other financial documentation.","Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, includes general correspondence from SCLC, as well as specific correspondence dealing with the Birmingham campaign. Materials are organized chronolgocially.","Subseries 4.3: Publications includes official material published by SCLC, such as advertisements, press releases, pamhplets, and more.","Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns includes notes and promotional material related to specific programs or campaigns run by SCLC during Walker's time with the organization.","Subseries 4.5: Legal work includes records of legal action taken by SCLC. The materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 4.6: Related organizations includes materials from other (mainly legal and civil rights) organizations that Walker and SCLC worked with.","Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. includes speeches, notes, writings, correspondence, and other printed material directly relating to Dr. King in his work with Walker at SCLC.","Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"","This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","University of Richmond ","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-24","/repositories/4/resources/27"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"collection_ssim":["Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"creator_ssm":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"creators_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights"],"places_ssim":["Petersburg (Va.)","Richmond (Va.)","Jackson (Miss.)","New York (N.Y.)","Birmingham (Ala.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Material was donated to the university by Dr. Walker, his wife, and their family."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights","Civil rights movements","Civil rights demonstrations","Civil rights workers","State action (Civil rights)","African American civil rights workers","Women civil rights workers","African American women civil rights workers","Civil rights -- America","Civil rights -- Religious aspects","Black people -- Civil rights","Civil rights -- Africa","African American churches","Nonbook Materials","Finance","Project management","Church management","Campaign management","Management","Scholarships","Voter registration","Freedom Rides, 1961","Boycotts","Segregation","Racism","Race relations","Social justice","Christianity and justice","Actions and defenses","Libel and slander","Discrimination in employment","Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["50 Linear Feet"],"physfacet_tesim":["This is an approximate estimate while we wait for the final deposit and complete processing."],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Photographs","Audio-visual materials","Clippings","Personal correspondence","Invoices","Periodicals","Pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The majority of this collection is closed pending processing. Portions of four series are currently open to research, encompassing manuscript material dated through 1964."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterial is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003cemph\u003eSeries 1:\u003c/emph\u003e Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Gillfield Baptist Church\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.1: Sermons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 3.3: Administrative records\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.1: Administrative\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series currently includes three subseries: Subseries 2.1, Childhood and Education, 2.2 Correspondence, and Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterial is organized into seven subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003clist numeration=\"upperalpha\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.1: Administrative, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence,\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e Subseries 4.4: Programs, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work, \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations,\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Material is arranged into multiple series, with three series currently open for research.","Series 1:  Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker Series 2: Biographical: Wyatt Tee Walker Subseries 2.2: Correspondence Subseries 2.3: Civil Rights and Religious Work Series 3: Gillfield Baptist Church Subseries 3.1: Sermons Subseries 3.2: Programs and ephemera Subseries 3.3: Administrative records Series 4: Southern Christian Leadership Conference Subseries 4.1: Administrative Subseries 4.2: Correspondence Subseries 4.3: Publications Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns Subseries 4.5: Legal work Subseries 4.6: Related organizations Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.","The series currently includes three subseries: Subseries 2.1, Childhood and Education, 2.2 Correspondence, and Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work.","Material is organized into seven subseries:","Subseries 4.1: Administrative,  Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, Subseries 4.3: Publications,   Subseries 4.4: Programs,  Subseries 4.5: Legal work,  Subseries 4.6: Related organizations, Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker was born August 16, 1928 in Brockton, Massachusetts. Raised primarily in Merchantville, New Jersey, Walker attended Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, earning bachelor's degrees in chemistry and physics before attending VUU's seminary school for his Masters of Divinity. During his time at VUU, he married his wife, Theresa Ann Walker née Edwards, who would remain an active partner at his side throughout his life. While in seminary, Walker was the head of the university's Inter-Seminary Movement, where he first met Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Walker and King would remain friends until King's assassination in 1968.","After graduating from seminary, Walker was called in 1953 to serve as the pastor of the historic Gillfield Baptist Church in Petersburg, Virginia, serving until 1960. During this time he founded the Petersburg Improvement Association, served as president for the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chapter, and co-founded and served as state director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). He also actively worked to integrate the city of Petersburg, successfully desegregating the Petersburg Public Library, lunch counters, and bus stops in the city.","In 1960, Walker was recruited to serve as the first full-time executive director and chief strategist of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), Dr. King's civil rights organization. He served in this role until 1964, overseeing the organization of several notable events in the Civil Rights Movement, including Project \"C\", SCLC's involvement in the Birmingham campaign, and the 1964 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. In 1961, Walker and his wife were arrested as Freedom Riders in Jackson, Mississippi. Mrs. Walker also survived a hotel bombing with their children and multiple other arrests for her role in the Civil Rights Movement.","After leaving SCLC in 1964, Walker worked with the Negro Heritage Library, an organization focused on getting Black literature into the public education system. In 1968 Dr. Walker was called to serve as senior pastor at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in Harlem, New York, where he served for 37 years. He was installed as pastor in late March by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who gave his final sermon in New York City at the installation service before his assassination a few weeks later. Walker then organized King's funeral in New York City at the express request of Coretta Scott King, an event he would later call \"the crowning achievement of my organizational career.\" He would prove to be a productive pastor for Canaan, at one point receiving a million dollars annually in tithes, expanding the church building, and leading multiple church trips to the Holy Land and other international destinations including Japan.","During his time at Canaan, Walker continued his civil rights work, expanding his scope to international civil rights, serving on the board of Al Sharpton's National Action Network and a number of other organizations. A vocal supporter of anti-apartheid, Walker visited South Africa several times, serving as an election monitor in Souther Africa's first open election and becoming close friends with Nelson Mandela, who would visit Canaan Baptist Church as one of his first stops on his first presidential visit to the United States. Walker also worked with Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a special assistant on urban affairs. When national banks pulled out of Harlem, Walker opened Freedom National Bank to serve the Black community. He also developed a number of public housing projects, at one time acting as the largest single public housing developer in New York. Frustrated with the failures of the public education system, Walker worked to help pass the New York State charter school law and co-found the first charter school in the state, the Sisulu-Walker Charter School of Harlem. ","In his down time, Walker enjoyed sailing, belonging to a local yacht club in Yonkers, New York, and photography. After receiving a doctorate in ethnomusicology from Colgate-Rochester Divinity School, he went on to teach seminary classes at Virginia Union University and United Theological Seminary in Dayton, Ohio.","Walker retired from Canaan Baptist Church of Christ in 2004 after a series of strokes, moving to Chester, Virginia. In 2015 he and Mrs. Walker donated the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection to the University of Richmond, recording an oral history with the university in 2016. He remained in Virginia with his wife until his death at the age of 89 on January 23, 2018."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-24, the Dr. and Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough portions of it are publicly available, this series is still in progress, and it is likely that Subseries 2.3 will expand rapidly with the addition of Walker's extensive writings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3 is likely to expand in the future with the addition of Walker's extensive writings on Civil Rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Taylor McNeilly and Andrea Kohashi.","Although portions of it are publicly available, this series is still in progress, and it is likely that Subseries 2.3 will expand rapidly with the addition of Walker's extensive writings.","Subseries 2.3 is likely to expand in the future with the addition of Walker's extensive writings on Civil Rights."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker, currently includes notes on arrests, and arrest records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains material related to Dr. Walker's personal and professional activities outside of Gillfield, Canaan, and the SCLC.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.2: Correspondence, includes personal correspondence from or to Dr. and Mrs. Walker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains a 1963 version of the musical \u003ctitle\u003eJerico-Jim-Crow-Jerico\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work, includes material pertaining to Walker's religious and civil rights activities not connected to Gillfield Baptist Church, Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, or the SCLC. It includes material concerning his efforts to integrate the Petersburg, VA library, and service programs from other churches like the Mount Level Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3, Gillfield Baptist Church, includes material pertaining to Dr. Walker's work as pastor there like sermons, service programs, and meeting minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.1, Sermons, contains notes and sermons from Walker's tenure at Gillfield Baptist Church. The material is organized as we received it, some topically and some chronologically. Often the service program is included with the sermon script or outline.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTopics include Thanksgiving, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3.2, Programs and ephemera, consists of programs and other items from Gillfield Baptist Church. These materials are organized chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3.3, Administrative, has financial and correspondence records from Walker's time at Gillfield, including from his installation as pastor in 1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Southern Christian Leadership Conference contains all material from Dr. Walker's time as executive director of SCLC, including programs, notes, administrative and legal documents, campaign materials and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.1, Administrative, includes administrative records from Walker's time at SCLC, comprised of meeting minutes, reports, internal memos, and other financial documentation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.2: Correspondence, includes general correspondence from SCLC, as well as specific correspondence dealing with the Birmingham campaign. Materials are organized chronolgocially.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.3: Publications includes official material published by SCLC, such as advertisements, press releases, pamhplets, and more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns includes notes and promotional material related to specific programs or campaigns run by SCLC during Walker's time with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.5: Legal work includes records of legal action taken by SCLC. The materials are organized chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.6: Related organizations includes materials from other (mainly legal and civil rights) organizations that Walker and SCLC worked with.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. includes speeches, notes, writings, correspondence, and other printed material directly relating to Dr. King in his work with Walker at SCLC.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in this collection include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. Walker, audio recordings of church services he led primarily at Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, photographs and slides taken by Dr. Walker and his family, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, Dr. Walker's personal library, Dr. Walker's published books, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. Walker and his wife.","Series 1, Biographical: Theresa Ann Walker, currently includes notes on arrests, and arrest records.","This series contains material related to Dr. Walker's personal and professional activities outside of Gillfield, Canaan, and the SCLC.","Subseries 2.2: Correspondence, includes personal correspondence from or to Dr. and Mrs. Walker.","This folder contains a 1963 version of the musical  Jerico-Jim-Crow-Jerico .","Subseries 2.3, Civil Rights and Religious work, includes material pertaining to Walker's religious and civil rights activities not connected to Gillfield Baptist Church, Canaan Baptist Church of Christ, or the SCLC. It includes material concerning his efforts to integrate the Petersburg, VA library, and service programs from other churches like the Mount Level Baptist Church.","Series 3, Gillfield Baptist Church, includes material pertaining to Dr. Walker's work as pastor there like sermons, service programs, and meeting minutes.","Subseries 3.1, Sermons, contains notes and sermons from Walker's tenure at Gillfield Baptist Church. The material is organized as we received it, some topically and some chronologically. Often the service program is included with the sermon script or outline.","Topics include Thanksgiving, etc.","Series 3.2, Programs and ephemera, consists of programs and other items from Gillfield Baptist Church. These materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 3.3, Administrative, has financial and correspondence records from Walker's time at Gillfield, including from his installation as pastor in 1953.","Series 4, Southern Christian Leadership Conference contains all material from Dr. Walker's time as executive director of SCLC, including programs, notes, administrative and legal documents, campaign materials and correspondence.","Subseries 4.1, Administrative, includes administrative records from Walker's time at SCLC, comprised of meeting minutes, reports, internal memos, and other financial documentation.","Subseries 4.2: Correspondence, includes general correspondence from SCLC, as well as specific correspondence dealing with the Birmingham campaign. Materials are organized chronolgocially.","Subseries 4.3: Publications includes official material published by SCLC, such as advertisements, press releases, pamhplets, and more.","Subseries 4.4: Programs and campaigns includes notes and promotional material related to specific programs or campaigns run by SCLC during Walker's time with the organization.","Subseries 4.5: Legal work includes records of legal action taken by SCLC. The materials are organized chronologically.","Subseries 4.6: Related organizations includes materials from other (mainly legal and civil rights) organizations that Walker and SCLC worked with.","Subseries 4.7: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. includes speeches, notes, writings, correspondence, and other printed material directly relating to Dr. King in his work with Walker at SCLC."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Dr. Walker's personal library has been separated from the collection and is housed within the Galvin Rare Book Room. These items can be found in our online catalog by searching \"Dr. \u0026 Mrs. Wyatt Tee Walker Collection.\""],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99a2c806065b9d964d30006dd304b175\"\u003eThis collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes material related to and collected by the Reverend Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker and his wife, Theresa Ann Edwards Walkers. Materials include personal papers and administrative files of Dr. and Mrs. Walker, audio recordings of Dr. Walker's church services, honors and awards given to Dr. and Mrs. Walker, photographs and slides taken by or depicting Dr. Walker, Dr. Walker's published works and unpublished manuscripts, and other memorabilia and ephemera. Also included is an oral history performed with Dr. and Mrs. Walker."],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Christian Leadership Conference","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964","Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Southern Christian Leadership Conference","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Lawyers Guild. Committee to Assist Southern Lawyers","Congress of Racial Equality","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People","Southern Conference Educational Fund","Highlander Research and Education Center (Knoxville, Tenn.)","Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity","Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights","National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice","United States Commission on Civil Rights","Leadership Conference on Civil Rights","United States. Civil Rights Act of 1964"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Wyatt Tee","Walker, Theresa Ann","Hughes, Langston, 1902-1967","King, Martin Luther, Jr., 1929-1968","Lewis, John, 1940-2020","Abernathy, Ralph, 1926-1990","Shuttlesworth, Fred L., 1922-2011","Jackson, Mahalia, 1911-1972","Barnett, Ross R. (Ross Robert), 1898-1987"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":190,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-10T16:07:55.338Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_27"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9910#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCollection contains papers documenting the family of Henry Waring Latane Lewis from Essex County, Virginia. Lewis was an episcopal minister in Essex County and often preached to African-Americans. The Collection includes papers ranging from correspondence to legal documents. Also included is a small ambrotype photograph and a list of names, possibly of enslaved individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9910#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9910.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers","title_ssm":["Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1826 - 1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1826 - 1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01928","/repositories/2/resources/9910"],"text":["SC 01928","/repositories/2/resources/9910","Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers","Virginia--Church history--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives. ","American periodicals--Virginia--History","African American churches","Episcopal Church--Virginia--History","Episcopal Church--Virginia--History--19th century","Essex County (Va.)--History--19th century","Essex County (Va.)--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Personal narratives","Legal documents","Sermons, American--19th century","African Americans--Religion","Missionaries","African Americans--Education","African Americans--Education--Virginia","Education","Correspondence","Letters (correspondence)","Receipts (financial records)","Sermons","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Collection is arranged by file.","Collection contains papers documenting the family of Henry Waring Latane Lewis from Essex County, Virginia. Lewis was an episcopal minister in Essex County and often preached to African-Americans. The Collection includes papers ranging from correspondence to legal documents. Also included is a small ambrotype photograph and a list of names, possibly of enslaved individuals.","This series includes various papers including correspondence, receipts, affidavits, and medical class notes. Writings are also contained in this series and includes original handwritten sermons,and other non religious writings.","File contains multiple oversize letters including a letter addressed to a Mrs. Garnett dated 1824, another addressed to \"sister\" from unidentified person dated 1863 and a letter to Reverened H.W. Temple from unidentified person dated 1866. 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Writings are also contained in this series and includes original handwritten sermons,and other non religious writings.","File contains multiple oversize letters including a letter addressed to a Mrs. Garnett dated 1824, another addressed to \"sister\" from unidentified person dated 1863 and a letter to Reverened H.W. Temple from unidentified person dated 1866. The remaining letters are unidentified correspondence.","Series includes published almanacs, and religious books."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Curator of Manuscripts and Rare Books, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:18:49.790Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9910","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9910.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers","title_ssm":["Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1826 - 1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1826 - 1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01928","/repositories/2/resources/9910"],"text":["SC 01928","/repositories/2/resources/9910","Henry Waring Latane Lewis family papers","Virginia--Church history--19th century","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Personal narratives. 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Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Collection is arranged by file.","Collection contains papers documenting the family of Henry Waring Latane Lewis from Essex County, Virginia. Lewis was an episcopal minister in Essex County and often preached to African-Americans. The Collection includes papers ranging from correspondence to legal documents. Also included is a small ambrotype photograph and a list of names, possibly of enslaved individuals.","This series includes various papers including correspondence, receipts, affidavits, and medical class notes. Writings are also contained in this series and includes original handwritten sermons,and other non religious writings.","File contains multiple oversize letters including a letter addressed to a Mrs. Garnett dated 1824, another addressed to \"sister\" from unidentified person dated 1863 and a letter to Reverened H.W. Temple from unidentified person dated 1866. 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Writings are also contained in this series and includes original handwritten sermons,and other non religious writings.","File contains multiple oversize letters including a letter addressed to a Mrs. Garnett dated 1824, another addressed to \"sister\" from unidentified person dated 1863 and a letter to Reverened H.W. Temple from unidentified person dated 1866. 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The Manuscript is bound in cloth leather binding and measures 12.5 x 7.5.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9574#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9574.xml","title_filing_ssi":"New Bridge Baptist Church Collection ","title_ssm":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection"],"title_tesim":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1932-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1932-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01791","/repositories/2/resources/9574"],"text":["SC 01791","/repositories/2/resources/9574","New Bridge Baptist Church Collection","Henrico County (Va.)","Sandston (Va.)","Baptists","African American churches","The collection is open to all researchers. 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The church re-established itself in 1868 and experienced a series of dissolutions and reorganizations throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. In 2002, the congregation moved to a location on Elko Road in Sandston, Virginia.","The collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and aquisitions to the collection.","One Manuscript Ledger and Minute Book of the New Bridge Baptist Church in Henrico County, Virginia, a historically African American church. Founded by Black and White members in Richmond, Virginia, the church was a space for both races to worship until 1864 when an African American church possessing the same name was built next door. 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In 2002, the congregation moved to a location on Elko Road in Sandston, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNew Bridge Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and aquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne Manuscript Ledger and Minute Book of the New Bridge Baptist Church in Henrico County, Virginia, a historically African American church. Founded by Black and White members in Richmond, Virginia, the church was a space for both races to worship until 1864 when an African American church possessing the same name was built next door. The Manuscript is bound in cloth leather binding and measures 12.5 x 7.5.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["One Manuscript Ledger and Minute Book of the New Bridge Baptist Church in Henrico County, Virginia, a historically African American church. Founded by Black and White members in Richmond, Virginia, the church was a space for both races to worship until 1864 when an African American church possessing the same name was built next door. The Manuscript is bound in cloth leather binding and measures 12.5 x 7.5.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:55:23.487Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9574","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9574.xml","title_filing_ssi":"New Bridge Baptist Church Collection ","title_ssm":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection"],"title_tesim":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1932-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1932-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 01791","/repositories/2/resources/9574"],"text":["SC 01791","/repositories/2/resources/9574","New Bridge Baptist Church Collection","Henrico County (Va.)","Sandston (Va.)","Baptists","African American churches","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","In 1834, New Bridge Baptist Church was founded as a missions church through the efforts of the members of First Baptist Church of Richmond, Virginia. During the Civil War (1861-1865), the church disbanded and functioned as a hospital for Confederate soliders. The church re-established itself in 1868 and experienced a series of dissolutions and reorganizations throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. In 2002, the congregation moved to a location on Elko Road in Sandston, Virginia.","The collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and aquisitions to the collection.","One Manuscript Ledger and Minute Book of the New Bridge Baptist Church in Henrico County, Virginia, a historically African American church. Founded by Black and White members in Richmond, Virginia, the church was a space for both races to worship until 1864 when an African American church possessing the same name was built next door. The Manuscript is bound in cloth leather binding and measures 12.5 x 7.5.\"","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 01791","/repositories/2/resources/9574"],"normalized_title_ssm":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection"],"collection_ssim":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Henrico County (Va.)","Sandston (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.)","Sandston (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Henrico County (Va.)","Sandston (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased with the Nell Richardson Tonkin Fund."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptists","African American churches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptists","African American churches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Linear Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Linear Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"date_range_isim":[1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. 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In 2002, the congregation moved to a location on Elko Road in Sandston, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNew Bridge Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["New Bridge Baptist Church Collection, Special Collections Research Center, William and Mary Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and aquisitions to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection received container level processing. This finding aid may be updated to reflect new descriptions and aquisitions to the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne Manuscript Ledger and Minute Book of the New Bridge Baptist Church in Henrico County, Virginia, a historically African American church. 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The Manuscript is bound in cloth leather binding and measures 12.5 x 7.5.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:55:23.487Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9574"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9764","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"New Zion Baptist Church records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9764#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"New Zion Baptist Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9764#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9764","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9764","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9764","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9764","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_9764.xml","title_filing_ssi":"New Zion Baptist Church Records","title_ssm":["New Zion Baptist Church records"],"title_tesim":["New Zion Baptist Church records"],"unitdate_ssm":["2014-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2014-2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00323","/repositories/2/resources/9764"],"text":["MS 00323","/repositories/2/resources/9764","New Zion Baptist Church records","James City County Cemeteries and Churches","Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion","African American churches","Church bulletins","Photographs","Newsletters","Cemetery and other records of New Zion Baptist Church.","Special Collections Research Center","New Zion Baptist Church (Williamsburg, Va.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00323","/repositories/2/resources/9764"],"normalized_title_ssm":["New Zion Baptist Church records"],"collection_title_tesim":["New Zion Baptist Church records"],"collection_ssim":["New Zion Baptist Church records"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["James City County Cemeteries and Churches"],"geogname_ssim":["James City County Cemeteries and Churches"],"creator_ssm":["New Zion Baptist Church (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["New Zion Baptist Church (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["New Zion Baptist Church (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["New Zion Baptist Church (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["James City County Cemeteries and Churches"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion","African American churches","Church bulletins","Photographs","Newsletters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Baptist Church--Virginia--History","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Religion and culture","African Americans--Religion","African American churches","Church bulletins","Photographs","Newsletters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".45 Linear Feet 1 full Hollinger box."],"extent_tesim":[".45 Linear Feet 1 full Hollinger box."],"genreform_ssim":["Church bulletins","Photographs","Newsletters"],"date_range_isim":[2015,2016,2017,2018,2019],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCemetery and other records of New Zion Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["James City County (Va.) 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The map was created by University of Virginia student Jeida Brooks in Spring 2024 for \"Mapping Black Landscapes,\" AMST 3710, a course taught by Dr. Lisa Goff. Brooks researched the Porters community and worked with community members to identify schools, churches, cemeteries, businesses, stores, and recreation sites vital to its African American population. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1794#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1794.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/226378","title_filing_ssi":"Porters Community Map","title_ssm":["Porters Community Map"],"title_tesim":["Porters Community Map"],"unitdate_ssm":["2024"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16910","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1794"],"text":["MSS 16910","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1794","Porters Community Map","African American business enterprises","African American schools","African American churches","Good","This collection is open for research use.","Porters, or \" Porter's Precinct ,\" is an unincorporated community located in  Albemarle County  that is southeast of  Esmont , a census-designated place, and along the James River and Virginia State Route 6. The community was first listed as the established place, \"Porters,\" on the Green-Peyton Albemarle County Map of  1875 . It retains the name \"Porter's Precinct\" for voting purposes.  ","Porters has a historically Black population, owing to its original settlement, \"Porter's Precinct,\" which was founded by African American communities in the wake of the American Civil War. The predominantly rural community lies at a lower altitude than the surrounding areas of Albemarle County, namely Esmont, which gave rise to early nicknames like \"The Bottom\" or \"Lower Esmont,\" and in some cases, \"Upper Esmont.\" ","Porters and Esmont were established along slate and soapstone quarries, which, along with commercial plantations, made up the majority of the community's economic output. In the early 20th and late 19th centuries, as population increased in the area, businesses, churches, and utilities were established to cater to the growing community along Route 6 (known locally as \"Irish Road\"). These included  mechanics ,  beauticians ,  building contractors ,  doctors  and  nurses , among other professions. ","\"Porter's Precinct\" community members established multiple schools. The first school for African Americans in the Esmont area was established in  1874  and classes were taught by a white man named  John Lane . Notable among the schools was the  B.F. Yancey Elementary School , which opened in  1961  and closed in  2017 . It now exists as the  Yancey School Community Center , which is known for housing some Piedmont Virginia Community College classes and acting as a polling location for the region.  Simpson Park  is located across the street from the Yancey School Community Center. These locations at the geographical center of Porters are important markers of the present community.  ","Benjamin Franklin Yancey  (1870-1915) and his wife,  Harriet Anna Jackson , worked to develop the \"Educational Board of Esmont\" in  1907 , which sought to establish a better school in Esmont by acquiring a contract with Albemarle County, land grants, and teaching licenses for Yancey and his wife. Yancey worked as a teacher at  Black Branch School  in Esmont, Virginia. \"Esmont Colored School\" opened in 1916 as a result of the Board's efforts.","Resource List","Cumbo-Floyd, Andi, and Friends of Esmont. Esmont, Virginia: A Community Carved from the Earth and Sustained by Story. [Virginia, United States]: [Andilit], [2020]. ","Find a Grave. \"Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186710853/benjamin_franklin-yancey. ","Find a Grave. \"Daniel Good Van Clief.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13904656/daniel-good-van_clief. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont Homes.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/Esmonthome.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont School.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmontschools/esmontschool.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont: Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/home.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Nydeire Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/nydriehome.html. ","University of Virginia Library. \"#ArchivesBlackEducation: Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Small Special Collections Library Blog. Posted February 5, 2021. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://smallnotes.library.virginia.edu/2021/02/05/archivesblackeducation-benjamin-franklin-yancey/. ","University of Virginia Library. \"Green Peyton Albemarle County Map (1875).\" UVA Library Geospatial Data Portal. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://data-uvalibrary.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/uvalibrary::green-peyton-albemarle-county-map1875/explore?location=37.845704%2C-78.599981%2C14.00. ","U.S. Geological Survey. \"Esmont.\" The National Map, Accessed July 2, 2025. https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1494219. ","Virginia House of Delegates. \"Delegate Daniel Good Van Clief.\" House History, Virginia House of Delegates. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8922. ","This collection contains one printed map of  Porters , an unincorporated community in  Albemarle County, Virginia , that was founded circa  1875 . The map was created by  University of Virginia  student  Jeida Brooks  in Spring  2024  for \"Mapping Black Landscapes,\" AMST 3710, a course taught by  Dr. Lisa Goff . Brooks researched the Porters community and worked with community members to identify schools, churches, cemeteries, businesses, stores, and recreation sites vital to its African American population. ","The map encompasses multiple communities surrounding Porters, including the census-designated place,  Esmont , as well as  Alberene ,  Green Mountain , and  Chestnut Grove . These extended communities, which include Porters, are often grouped with Esmont for United States Census activities.  ","Many locations on the map are legacy points, meaning that they were no longer in operation at the time of the map's creation. For instance,  B.F. Yancey Elementary School  closed in  2017  and now operates as the  Yancey School Community Center , though the location is only listed by its former name. Most listed schools, businesses, and some churches are no longer in operation but have been retained on the map for their local historical significance. ","Locations on the map that continue to see community use include  Simpson Park ,  The New Hope Baptist Church ,  Chestnut Grove Baptist Church , the  Esmont Post Office , and several cemeteries, among other locations.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","B.F. 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Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Lisa Goff, 17 February 2025. Acquired by Krystal Appiah, Curator."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American business enterprises","African American schools","African American churches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American business enterprises","African American schools","African American churches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet One flat file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet One flat file folder"],"date_range_isim":[2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePorters, or \"\u003cgeogname\u003ePorter's Precinct\u003c/geogname\u003e,\" is an unincorporated community located in \u003cgeogname\u003eAlbemarle County\u003c/geogname\u003e that is southeast of \u003cgeogname\u003eEsmont\u003c/geogname\u003e, a census-designated place, and along the James River and Virginia State Route 6. The community was first listed as the established place, \"Porters,\" on the Green-Peyton Albemarle County Map of \u003cdate\u003e1875\u003c/date\u003e. It retains the name \"Porter's Precinct\" for voting purposes.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorters has a historically Black population, owing to its original settlement, \"Porter's Precinct,\" which was founded by African American communities in the wake of the American Civil War. The predominantly rural community lies at a lower altitude than the surrounding areas of Albemarle County, namely Esmont, which gave rise to early nicknames like \"The Bottom\" or \"Lower Esmont,\" and in some cases, \"Upper Esmont.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorters and Esmont were established along slate and soapstone quarries, which, along with commercial plantations, made up the majority of the community's economic output. In the early 20th and late 19th centuries, as population increased in the area, businesses, churches, and utilities were established to cater to the growing community along Route 6 (known locally as \"Irish Road\"). These included \u003coccupation\u003emechanics\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003coccupation\u003ebeauticians\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003coccupation\u003ebuilding contractors\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003coccupation\u003edoctors\u003c/occupation\u003e and \u003coccupation\u003enurses\u003c/occupation\u003e, among other professions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Porter's Precinct\" community members established multiple schools. The first school for African Americans in the Esmont area was established in \u003cdate\u003e1874\u003c/date\u003e and classes were taught by a white man named \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Lane\u003c/persname\u003e. Notable among the schools was the \u003ccorpname\u003eB.F. Yancey Elementary School\u003c/corpname\u003e, which opened in \u003cdate\u003e1961\u003c/date\u003e and closed in \u003cdate\u003e2017\u003c/date\u003e. It now exists as the \u003ccorpname\u003eYancey School Community Center\u003c/corpname\u003e, which is known for housing some Piedmont Virginia Community College classes and acting as a polling location for the region. \u003cgeogname\u003eSimpson Park\u003c/geogname\u003e is located across the street from the Yancey School Community Center. These locations at the geographical center of Porters are important markers of the present community.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eBenjamin Franklin Yancey\u003c/persname\u003e (1870-1915) and his wife, \u003cpersname\u003eHarriet Anna Jackson\u003c/persname\u003e, worked to develop the \"Educational Board of Esmont\" in \u003cdate\u003e1907\u003c/date\u003e, which sought to establish a better school in Esmont by acquiring a contract with Albemarle County, land grants, and teaching licenses for Yancey and his wife. Yancey worked as a teacher at \u003ccorpname\u003eBlack Branch School\u003c/corpname\u003e in Esmont, Virginia. \"Esmont Colored School\" opened in 1916 as a result of the Board's efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResource List\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCumbo-Floyd, Andi, and Friends of Esmont. Esmont, Virginia: A Community Carved from the Earth and Sustained by Story. [Virginia, United States]: [Andilit], [2020]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. \"Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186710853/benjamin_franklin-yancey. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. \"Daniel Good Van Clief.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13904656/daniel-good-van_clief. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Esmont Homes.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/Esmonthome.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Esmont School.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmontschools/esmontschool.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Esmont: Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/home.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Nydeire Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/nydriehome.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Library. \"#ArchivesBlackEducation: Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Small Special Collections Library Blog. Posted February 5, 2021. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://smallnotes.library.virginia.edu/2021/02/05/archivesblackeducation-benjamin-franklin-yancey/. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Library. \"Green Peyton Albemarle County Map (1875).\" UVA Library Geospatial Data Portal. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://data-uvalibrary.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/uvalibrary::green-peyton-albemarle-county-map1875/explore?location=37.845704%2C-78.599981%2C14.00. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Geological Survey. \"Esmont.\" The National Map, Accessed July 2, 2025. https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1494219. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia House of Delegates. \"Delegate Daniel Good Van Clief.\" House History, Virginia House of Delegates. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8922. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Porters, or \" Porter's Precinct ,\" is an unincorporated community located in  Albemarle County  that is southeast of  Esmont , a census-designated place, and along the James River and Virginia State Route 6. The community was first listed as the established place, \"Porters,\" on the Green-Peyton Albemarle County Map of  1875 . It retains the name \"Porter's Precinct\" for voting purposes.  ","Porters has a historically Black population, owing to its original settlement, \"Porter's Precinct,\" which was founded by African American communities in the wake of the American Civil War. The predominantly rural community lies at a lower altitude than the surrounding areas of Albemarle County, namely Esmont, which gave rise to early nicknames like \"The Bottom\" or \"Lower Esmont,\" and in some cases, \"Upper Esmont.\" ","Porters and Esmont were established along slate and soapstone quarries, which, along with commercial plantations, made up the majority of the community's economic output. In the early 20th and late 19th centuries, as population increased in the area, businesses, churches, and utilities were established to cater to the growing community along Route 6 (known locally as \"Irish Road\"). These included  mechanics ,  beauticians ,  building contractors ,  doctors  and  nurses , among other professions. ","\"Porter's Precinct\" community members established multiple schools. The first school for African Americans in the Esmont area was established in  1874  and classes were taught by a white man named  John Lane . Notable among the schools was the  B.F. Yancey Elementary School , which opened in  1961  and closed in  2017 . It now exists as the  Yancey School Community Center , which is known for housing some Piedmont Virginia Community College classes and acting as a polling location for the region.  Simpson Park  is located across the street from the Yancey School Community Center. These locations at the geographical center of Porters are important markers of the present community.  ","Benjamin Franklin Yancey  (1870-1915) and his wife,  Harriet Anna Jackson , worked to develop the \"Educational Board of Esmont\" in  1907 , which sought to establish a better school in Esmont by acquiring a contract with Albemarle County, land grants, and teaching licenses for Yancey and his wife. Yancey worked as a teacher at  Black Branch School  in Esmont, Virginia. \"Esmont Colored School\" opened in 1916 as a result of the Board's efforts.","Resource List","Cumbo-Floyd, Andi, and Friends of Esmont. Esmont, Virginia: A Community Carved from the Earth and Sustained by Story. [Virginia, United States]: [Andilit], [2020]. ","Find a Grave. \"Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186710853/benjamin_franklin-yancey. ","Find a Grave. \"Daniel Good Van Clief.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13904656/daniel-good-van_clief. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont Homes.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/Esmonthome.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont School.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmontschools/esmontschool.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont: Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/home.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Nydeire Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/nydriehome.html. ","University of Virginia Library. \"#ArchivesBlackEducation: Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Small Special Collections Library Blog. Posted February 5, 2021. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://smallnotes.library.virginia.edu/2021/02/05/archivesblackeducation-benjamin-franklin-yancey/. ","University of Virginia Library. \"Green Peyton Albemarle County Map (1875).\" UVA Library Geospatial Data Portal. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://data-uvalibrary.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/uvalibrary::green-peyton-albemarle-county-map1875/explore?location=37.845704%2C-78.599981%2C14.00. ","U.S. Geological Survey. \"Esmont.\" The National Map, Accessed July 2, 2025. https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1494219. ","Virginia House of Delegates. \"Delegate Daniel Good Van Clief.\" House History, Virginia House of Delegates. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8922. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16910, Porters Community Map, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16910, Porters Community Map, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one printed map of \u003cgeogname\u003ePorters\u003c/geogname\u003e, an unincorporated community in \u003cgeogname\u003eAlbemarle County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, that was founded circa \u003cdate\u003e1875\u003c/date\u003e. The map was created by \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e student \u003cpersname\u003eJeida Brooks\u003c/persname\u003e in Spring \u003cdate\u003e2024\u003c/date\u003e for \"Mapping Black Landscapes,\" AMST 3710, a course taught by \u003cpersname\u003eDr. Lisa Goff\u003c/persname\u003e. Brooks researched the Porters community and worked with community members to identify schools, churches, cemeteries, businesses, stores, and recreation sites vital to its African American population. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe map encompasses multiple communities surrounding Porters, including the census-designated place, \u003cgeogname\u003eEsmont\u003c/geogname\u003e, as well as \u003cgeogname\u003eAlberene\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eGreen Mountain\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cgeogname\u003eChestnut Grove\u003c/geogname\u003e. These extended communities, which include Porters, are often grouped with Esmont for United States Census activities.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany locations on the map are legacy points, meaning that they were no longer in operation at the time of the map's creation. For instance, \u003ccorpname\u003eB.F. Yancey Elementary School\u003c/corpname\u003e closed in \u003cdate\u003e2017\u003c/date\u003e and now operates as the \u003ccorpname\u003eYancey School Community Center\u003c/corpname\u003e, though the location is only listed by its former name. Most listed schools, businesses, and some churches are no longer in operation but have been retained on the map for their local historical significance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLocations on the map that continue to see community use include \u003cgeogname\u003eSimpson Park\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003ccorpname\u003eThe New Hope Baptist Church\u003c/corpname\u003e, \u003ccorpname\u003eChestnut Grove Baptist Church\u003c/corpname\u003e, the \u003ccorpname\u003eEsmont Post Office\u003c/corpname\u003e, and several cemeteries, among other locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one printed map of  Porters , an unincorporated community in  Albemarle County, Virginia , that was founded circa  1875 . The map was created by  University of Virginia  student  Jeida Brooks  in Spring  2024  for \"Mapping Black Landscapes,\" AMST 3710, a course taught by  Dr. Lisa Goff . Brooks researched the Porters community and worked with community members to identify schools, churches, cemeteries, businesses, stores, and recreation sites vital to its African American population. ","The map encompasses multiple communities surrounding Porters, including the census-designated place,  Esmont , as well as  Alberene ,  Green Mountain , and  Chestnut Grove . These extended communities, which include Porters, are often grouped with Esmont for United States Census activities.  ","Many locations on the map are legacy points, meaning that they were no longer in operation at the time of the map's creation. For instance,  B.F. Yancey Elementary School  closed in  2017  and now operates as the  Yancey School Community Center , though the location is only listed by its former name. Most listed schools, businesses, and some churches are no longer in operation but have been retained on the map for their local historical significance. ","Locations on the map that continue to see community use include  Simpson Park ,  The New Hope Baptist Church ,  Chestnut Grove Baptist Church , the  Esmont Post Office , and several cemeteries, among other locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","B.F. Yancey Elementary School","Yancey School Community Center","The New Hope Baptist Church","Chestnut Grove Baptist Church","Esmont Post Office","Black Branch School","Brooks , Jeida","Jeida Brooks","Dr. Lisa Goff","John Lane","Benjamin Franklin Yancey","Harriet Anna Jackson"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","B.F. Yancey Elementary School","Yancey School Community Center","The New Hope Baptist Church","Chestnut Grove Baptist Church","Esmont Post Office","Black Branch School"],"persname_ssim":["Brooks , Jeida","Jeida Brooks","Dr. Lisa Goff","John Lane","Benjamin Franklin Yancey","Harriet Anna Jackson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:53:04.381Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1794","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1794.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/226378","title_filing_ssi":"Porters Community Map","title_ssm":["Porters Community Map"],"title_tesim":["Porters Community Map"],"unitdate_ssm":["2024"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16910","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1794"],"text":["MSS 16910","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1794","Porters Community Map","African American business enterprises","African American schools","African American churches","Good","This collection is open for research use.","Porters, or \" Porter's Precinct ,\" is an unincorporated community located in  Albemarle County  that is southeast of  Esmont , a census-designated place, and along the James River and Virginia State Route 6. The community was first listed as the established place, \"Porters,\" on the Green-Peyton Albemarle County Map of  1875 . It retains the name \"Porter's Precinct\" for voting purposes.  ","Porters has a historically Black population, owing to its original settlement, \"Porter's Precinct,\" which was founded by African American communities in the wake of the American Civil War. The predominantly rural community lies at a lower altitude than the surrounding areas of Albemarle County, namely Esmont, which gave rise to early nicknames like \"The Bottom\" or \"Lower Esmont,\" and in some cases, \"Upper Esmont.\" ","Porters and Esmont were established along slate and soapstone quarries, which, along with commercial plantations, made up the majority of the community's economic output. In the early 20th and late 19th centuries, as population increased in the area, businesses, churches, and utilities were established to cater to the growing community along Route 6 (known locally as \"Irish Road\"). These included  mechanics ,  beauticians ,  building contractors ,  doctors  and  nurses , among other professions. ","\"Porter's Precinct\" community members established multiple schools. The first school for African Americans in the Esmont area was established in  1874  and classes were taught by a white man named  John Lane . Notable among the schools was the  B.F. Yancey Elementary School , which opened in  1961  and closed in  2017 . It now exists as the  Yancey School Community Center , which is known for housing some Piedmont Virginia Community College classes and acting as a polling location for the region.  Simpson Park  is located across the street from the Yancey School Community Center. These locations at the geographical center of Porters are important markers of the present community.  ","Benjamin Franklin Yancey  (1870-1915) and his wife,  Harriet Anna Jackson , worked to develop the \"Educational Board of Esmont\" in  1907 , which sought to establish a better school in Esmont by acquiring a contract with Albemarle County, land grants, and teaching licenses for Yancey and his wife. Yancey worked as a teacher at  Black Branch School  in Esmont, Virginia. \"Esmont Colored School\" opened in 1916 as a result of the Board's efforts.","Resource List","Cumbo-Floyd, Andi, and Friends of Esmont. Esmont, Virginia: A Community Carved from the Earth and Sustained by Story. [Virginia, United States]: [Andilit], [2020]. ","Find a Grave. \"Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186710853/benjamin_franklin-yancey. ","Find a Grave. \"Daniel Good Van Clief.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13904656/daniel-good-van_clief. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont Homes.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/Esmonthome.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont School.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmontschools/esmontschool.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont: Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/home.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Nydeire Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/nydriehome.html. ","University of Virginia Library. \"#ArchivesBlackEducation: Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Small Special Collections Library Blog. Posted February 5, 2021. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://smallnotes.library.virginia.edu/2021/02/05/archivesblackeducation-benjamin-franklin-yancey/. ","University of Virginia Library. \"Green Peyton Albemarle County Map (1875).\" UVA Library Geospatial Data Portal. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://data-uvalibrary.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/uvalibrary::green-peyton-albemarle-county-map1875/explore?location=37.845704%2C-78.599981%2C14.00. ","U.S. Geological Survey. \"Esmont.\" The National Map, Accessed July 2, 2025. https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1494219. ","Virginia House of Delegates. \"Delegate Daniel Good Van Clief.\" House History, Virginia House of Delegates. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8922. ","This collection contains one printed map of  Porters , an unincorporated community in  Albemarle County, Virginia , that was founded circa  1875 . The map was created by  University of Virginia  student  Jeida Brooks  in Spring  2024  for \"Mapping Black Landscapes,\" AMST 3710, a course taught by  Dr. Lisa Goff . Brooks researched the Porters community and worked with community members to identify schools, churches, cemeteries, businesses, stores, and recreation sites vital to its African American population. ","The map encompasses multiple communities surrounding Porters, including the census-designated place,  Esmont , as well as  Alberene ,  Green Mountain , and  Chestnut Grove . These extended communities, which include Porters, are often grouped with Esmont for United States Census activities.  ","Many locations on the map are legacy points, meaning that they were no longer in operation at the time of the map's creation. For instance,  B.F. Yancey Elementary School  closed in  2017  and now operates as the  Yancey School Community Center , though the location is only listed by its former name. Most listed schools, businesses, and some churches are no longer in operation but have been retained on the map for their local historical significance. ","Locations on the map that continue to see community use include  Simpson Park ,  The New Hope Baptist Church ,  Chestnut Grove Baptist Church , the  Esmont Post Office , and several cemeteries, among other locations.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","B.F. Yancey Elementary School","Yancey School Community Center","The New Hope Baptist Church","Chestnut Grove Baptist Church","Esmont Post Office","Black Branch School","Brooks , Jeida","Jeida Brooks","Dr. Lisa Goff","John Lane","Benjamin Franklin Yancey","Harriet Anna Jackson","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16910","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1794"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Porters Community Map"],"collection_title_tesim":["Porters Community Map"],"collection_ssim":["Porters Community Map"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Brooks , Jeida"],"creator_ssim":["Brooks , Jeida"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brooks , Jeida"],"creators_ssim":["Brooks , Jeida"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Lisa Goff, 17 February 2025. Acquired by Krystal Appiah, Curator."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American business enterprises","African American schools","African American churches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American business enterprises","African American schools","African American churches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet One flat file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet One flat file folder"],"date_range_isim":[2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePorters, or \"\u003cgeogname\u003ePorter's Precinct\u003c/geogname\u003e,\" is an unincorporated community located in \u003cgeogname\u003eAlbemarle County\u003c/geogname\u003e that is southeast of \u003cgeogname\u003eEsmont\u003c/geogname\u003e, a census-designated place, and along the James River and Virginia State Route 6. The community was first listed as the established place, \"Porters,\" on the Green-Peyton Albemarle County Map of \u003cdate\u003e1875\u003c/date\u003e. It retains the name \"Porter's Precinct\" for voting purposes.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorters has a historically Black population, owing to its original settlement, \"Porter's Precinct,\" which was founded by African American communities in the wake of the American Civil War. The predominantly rural community lies at a lower altitude than the surrounding areas of Albemarle County, namely Esmont, which gave rise to early nicknames like \"The Bottom\" or \"Lower Esmont,\" and in some cases, \"Upper Esmont.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorters and Esmont were established along slate and soapstone quarries, which, along with commercial plantations, made up the majority of the community's economic output. In the early 20th and late 19th centuries, as population increased in the area, businesses, churches, and utilities were established to cater to the growing community along Route 6 (known locally as \"Irish Road\"). These included \u003coccupation\u003emechanics\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003coccupation\u003ebeauticians\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003coccupation\u003ebuilding contractors\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003coccupation\u003edoctors\u003c/occupation\u003e and \u003coccupation\u003enurses\u003c/occupation\u003e, among other professions. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Porter's Precinct\" community members established multiple schools. The first school for African Americans in the Esmont area was established in \u003cdate\u003e1874\u003c/date\u003e and classes were taught by a white man named \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Lane\u003c/persname\u003e. Notable among the schools was the \u003ccorpname\u003eB.F. Yancey Elementary School\u003c/corpname\u003e, which opened in \u003cdate\u003e1961\u003c/date\u003e and closed in \u003cdate\u003e2017\u003c/date\u003e. It now exists as the \u003ccorpname\u003eYancey School Community Center\u003c/corpname\u003e, which is known for housing some Piedmont Virginia Community College classes and acting as a polling location for the region. \u003cgeogname\u003eSimpson Park\u003c/geogname\u003e is located across the street from the Yancey School Community Center. These locations at the geographical center of Porters are important markers of the present community.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eBenjamin Franklin Yancey\u003c/persname\u003e (1870-1915) and his wife, \u003cpersname\u003eHarriet Anna Jackson\u003c/persname\u003e, worked to develop the \"Educational Board of Esmont\" in \u003cdate\u003e1907\u003c/date\u003e, which sought to establish a better school in Esmont by acquiring a contract with Albemarle County, land grants, and teaching licenses for Yancey and his wife. Yancey worked as a teacher at \u003ccorpname\u003eBlack Branch School\u003c/corpname\u003e in Esmont, Virginia. \"Esmont Colored School\" opened in 1916 as a result of the Board's efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResource List\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCumbo-Floyd, Andi, and Friends of Esmont. Esmont, Virginia: A Community Carved from the Earth and Sustained by Story. [Virginia, United States]: [Andilit], [2020]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. \"Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186710853/benjamin_franklin-yancey. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. \"Daniel Good Van Clief.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13904656/daniel-good-van_clief. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Esmont Homes.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/Esmonthome.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Esmont School.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmontschools/esmontschool.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Esmont: Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/home.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScottsville Museum. \"Nydeire Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/nydriehome.html. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Library. \"#ArchivesBlackEducation: Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Small Special Collections Library Blog. Posted February 5, 2021. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://smallnotes.library.virginia.edu/2021/02/05/archivesblackeducation-benjamin-franklin-yancey/. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Library. \"Green Peyton Albemarle County Map (1875).\" UVA Library Geospatial Data Portal. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://data-uvalibrary.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/uvalibrary::green-peyton-albemarle-county-map1875/explore?location=37.845704%2C-78.599981%2C14.00. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eU.S. Geological Survey. \"Esmont.\" The National Map, Accessed July 2, 2025. https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1494219. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia House of Delegates. \"Delegate Daniel Good Van Clief.\" House History, Virginia House of Delegates. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8922. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Porters, or \" Porter's Precinct ,\" is an unincorporated community located in  Albemarle County  that is southeast of  Esmont , a census-designated place, and along the James River and Virginia State Route 6. The community was first listed as the established place, \"Porters,\" on the Green-Peyton Albemarle County Map of  1875 . It retains the name \"Porter's Precinct\" for voting purposes.  ","Porters has a historically Black population, owing to its original settlement, \"Porter's Precinct,\" which was founded by African American communities in the wake of the American Civil War. The predominantly rural community lies at a lower altitude than the surrounding areas of Albemarle County, namely Esmont, which gave rise to early nicknames like \"The Bottom\" or \"Lower Esmont,\" and in some cases, \"Upper Esmont.\" ","Porters and Esmont were established along slate and soapstone quarries, which, along with commercial plantations, made up the majority of the community's economic output. In the early 20th and late 19th centuries, as population increased in the area, businesses, churches, and utilities were established to cater to the growing community along Route 6 (known locally as \"Irish Road\"). These included  mechanics ,  beauticians ,  building contractors ,  doctors  and  nurses , among other professions. ","\"Porter's Precinct\" community members established multiple schools. The first school for African Americans in the Esmont area was established in  1874  and classes were taught by a white man named  John Lane . Notable among the schools was the  B.F. Yancey Elementary School , which opened in  1961  and closed in  2017 . It now exists as the  Yancey School Community Center , which is known for housing some Piedmont Virginia Community College classes and acting as a polling location for the region.  Simpson Park  is located across the street from the Yancey School Community Center. These locations at the geographical center of Porters are important markers of the present community.  ","Benjamin Franklin Yancey  (1870-1915) and his wife,  Harriet Anna Jackson , worked to develop the \"Educational Board of Esmont\" in  1907 , which sought to establish a better school in Esmont by acquiring a contract with Albemarle County, land grants, and teaching licenses for Yancey and his wife. Yancey worked as a teacher at  Black Branch School  in Esmont, Virginia. \"Esmont Colored School\" opened in 1916 as a result of the Board's efforts.","Resource List","Cumbo-Floyd, Andi, and Friends of Esmont. Esmont, Virginia: A Community Carved from the Earth and Sustained by Story. [Virginia, United States]: [Andilit], [2020]. ","Find a Grave. \"Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186710853/benjamin_franklin-yancey. ","Find a Grave. \"Daniel Good Van Clief.\" Accessed July 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/13904656/daniel-good-van_clief. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont Homes.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/Esmonthome.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont School.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmontschools/esmontschool.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Esmont: Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/home.html. ","Scottsville Museum. \"Nydeire Home.\" Scottsville Museum. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://scottsvillemuseum.com/esmont/esmonthomes/nydriehome.html. ","University of Virginia Library. \"#ArchivesBlackEducation: Benjamin Franklin Yancey.\" Small Special Collections Library Blog. Posted February 5, 2021. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://smallnotes.library.virginia.edu/2021/02/05/archivesblackeducation-benjamin-franklin-yancey/. ","University of Virginia Library. \"Green Peyton Albemarle County Map (1875).\" UVA Library Geospatial Data Portal. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://data-uvalibrary.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/uvalibrary::green-peyton-albemarle-county-map1875/explore?location=37.845704%2C-78.599981%2C14.00. ","U.S. Geological Survey. \"Esmont.\" The National Map, Accessed July 2, 2025. https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1494219. ","Virginia House of Delegates. \"Delegate Daniel Good Van Clief.\" House History, Virginia House of Delegates. Accessed July 2, 2025. https://history.house.virginia.gov/members/8922. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16910, Porters Community Map, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16910, Porters Community Map, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one printed map of \u003cgeogname\u003ePorters\u003c/geogname\u003e, an unincorporated community in \u003cgeogname\u003eAlbemarle County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, that was founded circa \u003cdate\u003e1875\u003c/date\u003e. The map was created by \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e student \u003cpersname\u003eJeida Brooks\u003c/persname\u003e in Spring \u003cdate\u003e2024\u003c/date\u003e for \"Mapping Black Landscapes,\" AMST 3710, a course taught by \u003cpersname\u003eDr. Lisa Goff\u003c/persname\u003e. Brooks researched the Porters community and worked with community members to identify schools, churches, cemeteries, businesses, stores, and recreation sites vital to its African American population. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe map encompasses multiple communities surrounding Porters, including the census-designated place, \u003cgeogname\u003eEsmont\u003c/geogname\u003e, as well as \u003cgeogname\u003eAlberene\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003cgeogname\u003eGreen Mountain\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \u003cgeogname\u003eChestnut Grove\u003c/geogname\u003e. These extended communities, which include Porters, are often grouped with Esmont for United States Census activities.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany locations on the map are legacy points, meaning that they were no longer in operation at the time of the map's creation. For instance, \u003ccorpname\u003eB.F. Yancey Elementary School\u003c/corpname\u003e closed in \u003cdate\u003e2017\u003c/date\u003e and now operates as the \u003ccorpname\u003eYancey School Community Center\u003c/corpname\u003e, though the location is only listed by its former name. Most listed schools, businesses, and some churches are no longer in operation but have been retained on the map for their local historical significance. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLocations on the map that continue to see community use include \u003cgeogname\u003eSimpson Park\u003c/geogname\u003e, \u003ccorpname\u003eThe New Hope Baptist Church\u003c/corpname\u003e, \u003ccorpname\u003eChestnut Grove Baptist Church\u003c/corpname\u003e, the \u003ccorpname\u003eEsmont Post Office\u003c/corpname\u003e, and several cemeteries, among other locations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one printed map of  Porters , an unincorporated community in  Albemarle County, Virginia , that was founded circa  1875 . The map was created by  University of Virginia  student  Jeida Brooks  in Spring  2024  for \"Mapping Black Landscapes,\" AMST 3710, a course taught by  Dr. Lisa Goff . Brooks researched the Porters community and worked with community members to identify schools, churches, cemeteries, businesses, stores, and recreation sites vital to its African American population. ","The map encompasses multiple communities surrounding Porters, including the census-designated place,  Esmont , as well as  Alberene ,  Green Mountain , and  Chestnut Grove . These extended communities, which include Porters, are often grouped with Esmont for United States Census activities.  ","Many locations on the map are legacy points, meaning that they were no longer in operation at the time of the map's creation. For instance,  B.F. Yancey Elementary School  closed in  2017  and now operates as the  Yancey School Community Center , though the location is only listed by its former name. Most listed schools, businesses, and some churches are no longer in operation but have been retained on the map for their local historical significance. ","Locations on the map that continue to see community use include  Simpson Park ,  The New Hope Baptist Church ,  Chestnut Grove Baptist Church , the  Esmont Post Office , and several cemeteries, among other locations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","B.F. Yancey Elementary School","Yancey School Community Center","The New Hope Baptist Church","Chestnut Grove Baptist Church","Esmont Post Office","Black Branch School","Brooks , Jeida","Jeida Brooks","Dr. Lisa Goff","John Lane","Benjamin Franklin Yancey","Harriet Anna Jackson"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","B.F. Yancey Elementary School","Yancey School Community Center","The New Hope Baptist Church","Chestnut Grove Baptist Church","Esmont Post Office","Black Branch School"],"persname_ssim":["Brooks , Jeida","Jeida Brooks","Dr. Lisa Goff","John Lane","Benjamin Franklin Yancey","Harriet Anna Jackson"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:53:04.381Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1794"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+churches\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Richmond","value":"University of Richmond","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+churches\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+churches\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","value":"Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+churches\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Washington+and+Lee+University%2C+Leyburn+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+American+churches"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection of research materials about William R. 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