{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=4","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=3","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=5","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=178"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4,"next_page":5,"prev_page":3,"total_pages":178,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":30,"total_count":1774,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c31","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Albert Brunn to Herbert Friedman","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c31","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c31"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c31","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends"],"text":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends","Albert Brunn to Herbert Friedman","English","box 2","folder 99"],"title_filing_ssi":"Albert Brunn to Herbert Friedman","title_ssm":["Albert Brunn to Herbert Friedman"],"title_tesim":["Albert Brunn to Herbert Friedman"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1941 August 31"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Albert Brunn to Herbert Friedman"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":192,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Albert Brunn to Herbert Friedman, 1941 August 31\",\"href\":\"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:109805\"}"],"date_range_isim":[1941],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 99"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#30","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1792.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221482","title_filing_ssi":"Friedman, Herbert, Holocaust materials","title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-2006","1896"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"text":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792","Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","This collection is open for research.","Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.","Her first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Includes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English German Hebrew Yiddish French"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo English translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the article.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.","Her first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Includes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English German Hebrew Yiddish French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c31"}},{"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1912-1915","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c02"],"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"text":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence","Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1912-1915","box 1","Folder \n                     2"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alderman, Edwin A., \n                      \n                     1912-1915","title_ssm":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1912-1915"],"title_tesim":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1912-1915"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1912-1915"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":4,"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Click for digital images\",\"href\":\"https://rosetta.virginiamemory.com/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3641856\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","Folder \n                     2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00101","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00101.xml","title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28142"],"text":["28142","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.","Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.","There are no restrictions.","Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142","English"],"unitid_tesim":["28142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition information unavailable."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003ePersonal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":362,"online_item_count_is":103,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1916-1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c03"],"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"text":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence","Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1916-1919","box 1","Folder \n                     3-4"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alderman, Edwin A., \n                      \n                     1916-1919","title_ssm":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1916-1919"],"title_tesim":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1916-1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1916-1919"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":5,"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Click for digital images\",\"href\":\"https://rosetta.virginiamemory.com/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3641993\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","Folder \n                     3-4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00101","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00101.xml","title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28142"],"text":["28142","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.","Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.","There are no restrictions.","Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142","English"],"unitid_tesim":["28142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition information unavailable."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003ePersonal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":362,"online_item_count_is":103,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c03"}},{"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1920-1926","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c04"],"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"text":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence","Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1920-1926","box 1","Folder \n                     5"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alderman, Edwin A., \n                      \n                     1920-1926","title_ssm":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1920-1926"],"title_tesim":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1920-1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alderman, Edwin A., \n                     \n                     1920-1926"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":6,"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Click for digital images\",\"href\":\"https://rosetta.virginiamemory.com/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3642243\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","Folder \n                     5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00101","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00101.xml","title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28142"],"text":["28142","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.","Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.","There are no restrictions.","Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142","English"],"unitid_tesim":["28142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition information unavailable."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003ePersonal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":362,"online_item_count_is":103,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexander, James Selman, \n                     \n                     1914-1918","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c05"],"id":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00101_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00101","vi_vi00101_c01","vi_vi00101_c01_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence"],"text":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","Series I: Co-ordinate College\n               League","Subseries 1: Correspondence","Alexander, James Selman, \n                     \n                     1914-1918","box 1","Folder \n                     6"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexander, James Selman, \n                      \n                     1914-1918","title_ssm":["Alexander, James Selman, \n                     \n                     1914-1918"],"title_tesim":["Alexander, James Selman, \n                     \n                     1914-1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander, James Selman, \n                     \n                     1914-1918"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":7,"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Click for digital images\",\"href\":\"https://rosetta.virginiamemory.com/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3642307\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","Folder \n                     6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00101","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00101","_root_":"vi_vi00101","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00101.xml","title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["28142"],"text":["28142","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935","12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)","There are no restrictions.","Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.","Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.","Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.","There are no restrictions.","Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142","English"],"unitid_tesim":["28142"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"collection_ssim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, \n         \n         1881-1935"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition information unavailable."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["12.6 cubic feet (30\n         boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged in six series: I. Co-ordinate College League. II.\n         Education. III. Foreign Policy and National Politics. IV. Race\n         Relations. V. VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND\n         SECESSION. VI. Miscellaneous Subject Files."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford was born in Richmond, Virginia on\n         15 September 1865. She was educated in Richmond and New York,\n         and married Beverley Bland Munford on 22 November 1893. She\n         co-founded the Richmond Educational Association in 1901;\n         chairman, Co-ordinate College League, 1910-1926; president,\n         Cooperative Educational Association of Virginia, 1910-1925;\n         vice-president, National Consumers' League; member, Board of\n         Visitors, The College of William and Mary and The University\n         of Virginia; first woman member of the Richmond School Board;\n         chairman, Woman's Committee of the Council of National\n         Defense; and member, Virginia Agricultural Council of Safety;\n         member of the Board of the Virginia and Richmond League of\n         Women Voters; member of the Board, National Urban League. She\n         died in Richmond on 3 July 1938."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Mary-Cooke Branch Munford Papers, 1881-1935. Accession\n            28142, Personal Papers Collection, The Library of Virginia,\n            Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1881-1938, of Mary-Cooke Branch Munford of\n         Richmond, Virginia, documenting her work in various political,\n         educational, social, economic, and inter-racial endeavors. The\n         bulk of the collection covers the period from 1910-1930, when\n         she was most active.","The CO-ORDINATE COLLEGE LEAGUE series includes\n         correspondence and subject files concerning Munford's and the\n         League's attempts to convince The University of Virginia to\n         admit women by establishing a coordinate college with its own\n         organization, and its own social, residence and instruction\n         halls. The new college would share the library and\n         laboratories of the University, and students would be taught\n         by some of its faculty. The papers include correspondence from\n         educators at the University of Virginia, as well as around the\n         state and nation, business leaders, politicians, and members\n         of the League. The subject files contain accounts, legislative\n         information, including research data, drafts of bills\n         introduced on behalf of the League, and voting records of the\n         members of the General Assembly, resolutions, brochures,\n         flyers, and pamphlets, mailing and membership lists, and\n         information from various educational, labor, alumni, and other\n         groups opposing and supporting the League's efforts. There is\n         also a large amount of clippings from Richmond newspapers, as\n         well as other Virginia newspapers, which document the League's\n         activities.","The EDUCATION series includes information on Munford's\n         activities in the field of education. It includes information\n         from The University of Virginia, including dockets and minutes\n         of the Board of Visitors, the Richmond Education Association,\n         the Richmond Lancastrian School, Southern Industrial Classes,\n         and the Richmond public schools. Also included is information\n         on the status, salaries, and working conditions of teachers.\n         This series also contains a variety of published newsletters,\n         bulletins, annual reports, and other educational\n         publications.","The FOREIGN POLICY AND NATIONAL POLITICS series contains\n         subject files documenting Munford's assistance during World\n         War I, and her interest in world peace. It includes a large\n         amount of material on here work on the Women's Committee of\n         the Council of National Defense during the war, and her help\n         in food conservation and registration drives. There is also\n         information on her activities in the Foreign Policy\n         Association and the Walter Hines Page School of International\n         Relations, as well as peace groups, including the Conference\n         on the Cause and Cure of War. This series also contains\n         material on Munford's involvement in the Democratic Party and\n         the League of Women Voters.","The RACE RELATIONS series includes subject files on\n         Munford's activities with the Commission on Inter-racial\n         Cooperation, Richmond Urban League, National Urban League,\n         Woman's Inter-Racial Committee, National League on Urban\n         Conditions Among Negroes, Committee on Colored Work, and the\n         Commission on Inter-racial Cooperation. There is also\n         correspondence, clippings, and financial information, as well\n         as publications concerning race relations.","The VIRGINIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD SLAVERY AND SECESSION series\n         concerns this book, written by her husband, Beverley Bland\n         Munford, in 1909. Much of the material concerns Mrs. Munford's\n         work in getting the book re- adopted by the State Board of\n         Education as required text in history courses taught in high\n         schools in Virginia after her husband's death in 1910. The\n         series contains correspondence, briefs and comments, circular\n         letters, and postcards, as well as material on the book's\n         publication, orders, and sales.","The MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECT FILES series contains accounts,\n         bank statements, correspondence, a notebook belonging to\n         Beverley Bland Munford, dated 1881-1885, and information on\n         other groups and activities in which Mrs. Munford was\n         involved. There are also blueprints of alterations to her\n         cottage in Maine by William Lawrence Bottomley, dated 1923,\n         filed in the General Architectural Files, Folder 137. Also\n         included in this series are clippings and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003ePersonal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Personal Papers Collection,\n         Acc. 28142"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":362,"online_item_count_is":103,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:47:57.735Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00101_c01_c01_c05"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c24","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c24#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c24","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c24"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c24","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends"],"text":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. Correspondence","Subseries: Friends","Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","English","box 2","folder 92"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","title_ssm":["Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman"],"title_tesim":["Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1941 February 5"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1941"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":185,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman, 1941 February 5\",\"href\":\"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:109798\"}"],"date_range_isim":[1941],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 92"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#23","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1792.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221482","title_filing_ssi":"Friedman, Herbert, Holocaust materials","title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-2006","1896"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"text":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792","Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","This collection is open for research.","Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.","Her first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Includes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English German Hebrew Yiddish French"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo English translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the article.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.","Her first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Includes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English German Hebrew Yiddish French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c24"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c28","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c28#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c28","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c28"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c28","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. 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He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. 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He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo English translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the article.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.","Her first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Includes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English German Hebrew Yiddish French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c28"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c32","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c32#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c32","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c32"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c32","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. 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He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. 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He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo English translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the article.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.","Her first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Includes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English German Hebrew Yiddish French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c32"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c33","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c33#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c33","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c33"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c33","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02","viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Series 2. 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Correspondence","Subseries: Friends","Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","English","box 2","Folder 101"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman","title_ssm":["Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman"],"title_tesim":["Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1942 March 4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1942"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":194,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Alice Bender to Herbert Friedman, 1942 March 4\",\"href\":\"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:109807\"}"],"date_range_isim":[1942],"language_ssim":["English"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","Folder 101"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#32","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1792.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221482","title_filing_ssi":"Friedman, Herbert, Holocaust materials","title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-2006","1896"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"text":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792","Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","This collection is open for research.","Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. 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He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. ","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. ","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnglish translation with the letter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo English translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is an English translation with the article.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eno translation\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","English translation with the letter","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","No English translation","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the letter.","There is an English translation with the article.","no translation","no translation","no translation","no translation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLast time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. ","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. ","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. ","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. ","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. ","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books,  Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah ,  Altneuland The Old New Land  by Theodor Herzl,  A Book of Jewish Thought , and  Pears Enclyclopaedia   were catalogued separately.","Last time Herbert Friedman used his swim team card on March 10, 1938. Hitler invaded Vienna March 12, 1938.","Her first letter from Baltimore, Maryland, USA","Includes card notification from the Hampstead National Registration Office that address must be updated to receive new ration book."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English German Hebrew Yiddish French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:46:51.937Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792_c02_c03_c33"}},{"id":"vi_vi00486_c01_c84","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alice M. Tyler correspondence (non-suffrage)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00486_c01_c84#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi00486_c01_c84","ref_ssm":["vi_vi00486_c01_c84"],"id":"vi_vi00486_c01_c84","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00486","_root_":"vi_vi00486","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00486_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi00486_c01","parent_ssim":["vi_vi00486","vi_vi00486_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi00486","vi_vi00486_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938","Series I:  Correspondence, \n1909-1933."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938","Series I:  Correspondence, \n1909-1933."],"text":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938","Series I:  Correspondence, \n1909-1933.","Alice M. Tyler correspondence (non-suffrage)","box 4","folder 24"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alice M. Tyler correspondence (non-suffrage)","title_ssm":["Alice M. 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Tyler correspondence (non-suffrage)"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":85,"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Click for digital images\",\"href\":\"https://rosetta.virginiamemory.com/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3476492\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 24"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#83","timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:43:35.841Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00486","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00486","_root_":"vi_vi00486","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00486","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00486.xml","title_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938"],"title_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["22002\n"],"text":["22002\n","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938","There are no restrictions.\n","Materials in Boxes 1-15 and 20, as well as Box 24, Folders 22-23, 29, 31, 33-34, are available in digital format through the finding aid.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:","I: Correspondence, 1909-1933 II: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records III: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) IV:  League of Women Voters of Virginia V:  National League of Women Voters VI: General and Miscellaneous files VII: Ephemera","The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was organized in 1909 in Richmond, Virginia. Its primary purpose was to publicize and propagandize women's issues in the state, with the goal to win the political vote. Virginia was one of the six states which did not ratify the amendment. The final board meeting of the Equal Suffrage League was on November 8, 1920, and it became the League of Women Voters on November 10, 1920.\n","See also League of Women Voters of Virginia records, 1920-2011 (LVA accession 39487).\n","Papers, 1908-1938, of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, including correspondence, organization records for both the Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters, printed materials, \"Votes for Women\" buttons, and postcards.\n","Correspondence, 1909-1933, contains letters, postcards, telegrams, and other papers consisting of correspondence between officers of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, its local chapters, and the National American Woman Suffrage Association, as well as other organizations and individuals.  Also includes some correspondence relating to the League of Women Voters at the state, local, and national levels.  Includes professional and personal correspondence of Ida Mae Thompson, Jessie Townsend, Alice M. Tyler, and others.\n","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records contain state league constitution; yearbooks; meeting minutes; state convention programs; reports; resolutions; financial records; issues of the  Virginia Suffrage News ; news bulletins; booklets, pamphlets, broadsides, and flyers; calling cards, pledge cards; and membership lists.  Series also contains information on the Virginia General Assembly, as well as records from local chapters throughout Virginia.\n","National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) contains NAWSA convention programs and proceedings, 1910-1921; constitutions; yearbook; reports; proclamations; recommendations; press releases; history; notes; bulletin; essays; study guides; travel kits; suffrage schools; publications, pamphlets, leaflets, and broadsides; subscription offer; fundraiser; Jeannette Rankin; Susan B. Anthony; and invitations. Also includes materials from NAWSA state and local chapters, other than Virginia.\n","Virginia League of Women Voters records contain constitutions and bylaws; financial statements and pledges; resolutions; state conferences and conventions; Know Your League papers, bulletins; press releases; speeches of Jessie Townsend and others; state elections; education programs; leaflets and broadsides; enrollement forms and other papers.  There are also papers and records for the Norfolk and Richmond chapters of the League.\n","National League of Women Voters records contain organization plans; ballots; by-laws; convention and conference programs; reports and recommendations; bulletins, newsletters, and press releases; and other publications.  Also includes publications and papers from states and localities (other than Virginia).\n","General and Miscellaneous Files contain records, papers, and publications of local, state, and national organizations other than the Equal Suffrage League or the League of Women Voters; papers, documents, and publications by local, state, and federal governments; pamphlets, and leaflets, brochures, and broadsides from England and Ireland.  Also contains a variety of miscellaneous items including postcards.\n","Ephemera includes printing plate, slides advertising talks, ribbons, pins, and stamps from the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia.\n","Oversize materials consist of items removed from folders because of their size.  Place cards are located in those original folders to identify items' oversize folder.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["22002\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938"],"collection_title_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938"],"collection_ssim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, \n1908-1938"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia\n"],"creator_ssim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Ida Mae Thompson, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["13.5 cu. ft. (31 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["13.5 cu. ft. (31 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials in Boxes 1-15 and 20, as well as Box 24, Folders 22-23, 29, 31, 33-34, are available in digital format through the finding aid.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Materials in Boxes 1-15 and 20, as well as Box 24, Folders 22-23, 29, 31, 33-34, are available in digital format through the finding aid.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eI: Correspondence, 1909-1933\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eII: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eIII: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eIV:  League of Women Voters of Virginia\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eV:  National League of Women Voters\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVI: General and Miscellaneous files\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eVII: Ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:","I: Correspondence, 1909-1933 II: Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records III: National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) IV:  League of Women Voters of Virginia V:  National League of Women Voters VI: General and Miscellaneous files VII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was organized in 1909 in Richmond, Virginia. Its primary purpose was to publicize and propagandize women's issues in the state, with the goal to win the political vote. Virginia was one of the six states which did not ratify the amendment. The final board meeting of the Equal Suffrage League was on November 8, 1920, and it became the League of Women Voters on November 10, 1920.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was organized in 1909 in Richmond, Virginia. Its primary purpose was to publicize and propagandize women's issues in the state, with the goal to win the political vote. Virginia was one of the six states which did not ratify the amendment. The final board meeting of the Equal Suffrage League was on November 8, 1920, and it became the League of Women Voters on November 10, 1920.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEqual Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938. Accession 22002. Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records, 1908-1938. Accession 22002. Organization records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also League of Women Voters of Virginia records, 1920-2011 (LVA accession 39487).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also League of Women Voters of Virginia records, 1920-2011 (LVA accession 39487).\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1908-1938, of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, including correspondence, organization records for both the Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters, printed materials, \"Votes for Women\" buttons, and postcards.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, 1909-1933, contains letters, postcards, telegrams, and other papers consisting of correspondence between officers of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, its local chapters, and the National American Woman Suffrage Association, as well as other organizations and individuals.  Also includes some correspondence relating to the League of Women Voters at the state, local, and national levels.  Includes professional and personal correspondence of Ida Mae Thompson, Jessie Townsend, Alice M. Tyler, and others.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEqual Suffrage League of Virginia records contain state league constitution; yearbooks; meeting minutes; state convention programs; reports; resolutions; financial records; issues of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Suffrage News\u003c/title\u003e; news bulletins; booklets, pamphlets, broadsides, and flyers; calling cards, pledge cards; and membership lists.  Series also contains information on the Virginia General Assembly, as well as records from local chapters throughout Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNational American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) contains NAWSA convention programs and proceedings, 1910-1921; constitutions; yearbook; reports; proclamations; recommendations; press releases; history; notes; bulletin; essays; study guides; travel kits; suffrage schools; publications, pamphlets, leaflets, and broadsides; subscription offer; fundraiser; Jeannette Rankin; Susan B. Anthony; and invitations. 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Tyler, and others.\n","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia records contain state league constitution; yearbooks; meeting minutes; state convention programs; reports; resolutions; financial records; issues of the  Virginia Suffrage News ; news bulletins; booklets, pamphlets, broadsides, and flyers; calling cards, pledge cards; and membership lists.  Series also contains information on the Virginia General Assembly, as well as records from local chapters throughout Virginia.\n","National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) contains NAWSA convention programs and proceedings, 1910-1921; constitutions; yearbook; reports; proclamations; recommendations; press releases; history; notes; bulletin; essays; study guides; travel kits; suffrage schools; publications, pamphlets, leaflets, and broadsides; subscription offer; fundraiser; Jeannette Rankin; Susan B. Anthony; and invitations. 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