{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":25,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1440#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"American Rhododendron Society","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1440#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the records of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society. Correspondence, minutes, newsletters, and photographs pertaining to various activities of the chapter. The additions to this collection include information about regional chapters other than the Mid-Atlantic Chapter.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1440#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1440.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146627","title_filing_ssi":"American Rhododendron Society Records","title_ssm":["American Rhododendron Society Records"],"title_tesim":["American Rhododendron Society Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1927-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022"],"text":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022","MSS 10553","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1440","Gardens","Newsletters","The collection is open for research use.","The original order of the collection has been maintained, with some modifications. General correspondence files interspersed with separate files on meetings of the Middle Atlantic Chapter, as well as regional and national meetings of the American Rhododendron Society, comprise the bulk of the collection. Also included are minutes of the national organization. Addition 3 contains newsletters of chapters from across the country in 2022. Material within all folders is arranged chronologically.","The American Rhododendron Society was founded in 1944 as an organization for amateur and professional growers of rhododendrons and azaleas. The organization conducts research, offers courses, compiles statistics, registers names of new clonal selections, and sponsors competitions. National meetings are held annually, usually in April or May.","This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.","The guides for original acquisition and previous additions can be found in the online catalog.","Original guides to collection - \nMSS 10553 - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750298\nMSS 10553-a - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750303","Guides for previous additions with the collection numbers MSS 10553-b through MSS 10553-bu can be found in the catalog","This collection consists of the records of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society. Correspondence, minutes, newsletters, and photographs pertaining to various activities of the chapter. The additions to this collection include information about regional chapters other than the Mid-Atlantic Chapter.","A major portion of the records deals with the administration of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter, such as the election of officers, finances, and programs for annual meetings. Minutes, newsletters of various chapters, inventories, catalogs, logbooks and studies of various members, printed articles, maps, and obituaries are also present.","The correspondence pertains to the registration of new hybrids, seed exchange, research on rhododendrons, publications, and rhododendron gardens.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022"],"collection_ssim":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 10553","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1440"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 10553","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1440"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Rhododendron Society"],"creator_ssim":["American Rhododendron Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gardens","Newsletters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gardens","Newsletters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["100 Cubic Feet","0.1632 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["100 Cubic Feet","0.1632 Gigabytes"],"genreform_ssim":["Newsletters"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original order of the collection has been maintained, with some modifications. General correspondence files interspersed with separate files on meetings of the Middle Atlantic Chapter, as well as regional and national meetings of the American Rhododendron Society, comprise the bulk of the collection. Also included are minutes of the national organization. Addition 3 contains newsletters of chapters from across the country in 2022. Material within all folders is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The original order of the collection has been maintained, with some modifications. General correspondence files interspersed with separate files on meetings of the Middle Atlantic Chapter, as well as regional and national meetings of the American Rhododendron Society, comprise the bulk of the collection. Also included are minutes of the national organization. Addition 3 contains newsletters of chapters from across the country in 2022. Material within all folders is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Rhododendron Society was founded in \u003cdate\u003e1944\u003c/date\u003e as an organization for amateur and professional growers of rhododendrons and azaleas. The organization conducts research, offers courses, compiles statistics, registers names of new clonal selections, and sponsors competitions. National meetings are held annually, usually in April or May.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Rhododendron Society was founded in 1944 as an organization for amateur and professional growers of rhododendrons and azaleas. The organization conducts research, offers courses, compiles statistics, registers names of new clonal selections, and sponsors competitions. National meetings are held annually, usually in April or May."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 10553, American Rhododendron Society Records, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 10553, American Rhododendron Society Records, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guides for original acquisition and previous additions can be found in the online catalog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal guides to collection - \nMSS 10553 - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750298\nMSS 10553-a - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750303\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuides for previous additions with the collection numbers MSS 10553-b through MSS 10553-bu can be found in the catalog\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The guides for original acquisition and previous additions can be found in the online catalog.","Original guides to collection - \nMSS 10553 - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750298\nMSS 10553-a - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750303","Guides for previous additions with the collection numbers MSS 10553-b through MSS 10553-bu can be found in the catalog"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the records of the \u003ccorpname\u003eMid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society\u003c/corpname\u003e. Correspondence, minutes, newsletters, and photographs pertaining to various activities of the chapter. The additions to this collection include information about regional chapters other than the Mid-Atlantic Chapter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major portion of the records deals with the administration of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter, such as the election of officers, finances, and programs for annual meetings. Minutes, newsletters of various chapters, inventories, catalogs, logbooks and studies of various members, printed articles, maps, and obituaries are also present. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence pertains to the registration of new hybrids, seed exchange, research on rhododendrons, publications, and rhododendron gardens. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the records of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society. Correspondence, minutes, newsletters, and photographs pertaining to various activities of the chapter. The additions to this collection include information about regional chapters other than the Mid-Atlantic Chapter.","A major portion of the records deals with the administration of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter, such as the election of officers, finances, and programs for annual meetings. Minutes, newsletters of various chapters, inventories, catalogs, logbooks and studies of various members, printed articles, maps, and obituaries are also present.","The correspondence pertains to the registration of new hybrids, seed exchange, research on rhododendrons, publications, and rhododendron gardens."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1440","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1440.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146627","title_filing_ssi":"American Rhododendron Society Records","title_ssm":["American Rhododendron Society Records"],"title_tesim":["American Rhododendron Society Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1927-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1927-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022"],"text":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022","MSS 10553","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1440","Gardens","Newsletters","The collection is open for research use.","The original order of the collection has been maintained, with some modifications. General correspondence files interspersed with separate files on meetings of the Middle Atlantic Chapter, as well as regional and national meetings of the American Rhododendron Society, comprise the bulk of the collection. Also included are minutes of the national organization. Addition 3 contains newsletters of chapters from across the country in 2022. Material within all folders is arranged chronologically.","The American Rhododendron Society was founded in 1944 as an organization for amateur and professional growers of rhododendrons and azaleas. The organization conducts research, offers courses, compiles statistics, registers names of new clonal selections, and sponsors competitions. National meetings are held annually, usually in April or May.","This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.","The guides for original acquisition and previous additions can be found in the online catalog.","Original guides to collection - \nMSS 10553 - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750298\nMSS 10553-a - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750303","Guides for previous additions with the collection numbers MSS 10553-b through MSS 10553-bu can be found in the catalog","This collection consists of the records of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society. Correspondence, minutes, newsletters, and photographs pertaining to various activities of the chapter. The additions to this collection include information about regional chapters other than the Mid-Atlantic Chapter.","A major portion of the records deals with the administration of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter, such as the election of officers, finances, and programs for annual meetings. Minutes, newsletters of various chapters, inventories, catalogs, logbooks and studies of various members, printed articles, maps, and obituaries are also present.","The correspondence pertains to the registration of new hybrids, seed exchange, research on rhododendrons, publications, and rhododendron gardens.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022"],"collection_ssim":["American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 10553","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1440"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 10553","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1440"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["American Rhododendron Society"],"creator_ssim":["American Rhododendron Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Gardens","Newsletters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Gardens","Newsletters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["100 Cubic Feet","0.1632 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["100 Cubic Feet","0.1632 Gigabytes"],"genreform_ssim":["Newsletters"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original order of the collection has been maintained, with some modifications. General correspondence files interspersed with separate files on meetings of the Middle Atlantic Chapter, as well as regional and national meetings of the American Rhododendron Society, comprise the bulk of the collection. Also included are minutes of the national organization. Addition 3 contains newsletters of chapters from across the country in 2022. Material within all folders is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The original order of the collection has been maintained, with some modifications. General correspondence files interspersed with separate files on meetings of the Middle Atlantic Chapter, as well as regional and national meetings of the American Rhododendron Society, comprise the bulk of the collection. Also included are minutes of the national organization. Addition 3 contains newsletters of chapters from across the country in 2022. Material within all folders is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Rhododendron Society was founded in \u003cdate\u003e1944\u003c/date\u003e as an organization for amateur and professional growers of rhododendrons and azaleas. The organization conducts research, offers courses, compiles statistics, registers names of new clonal selections, and sponsors competitions. National meetings are held annually, usually in April or May.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Rhododendron Society was founded in 1944 as an organization for amateur and professional growers of rhododendrons and azaleas. The organization conducts research, offers courses, compiles statistics, registers names of new clonal selections, and sponsors competitions. National meetings are held annually, usually in April or May."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 10553, American Rhododendron Society Records, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 10553, American Rhododendron Society Records, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guides for original acquisition and previous additions can be found in the online catalog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal guides to collection - \nMSS 10553 - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750298\nMSS 10553-a - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750303\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGuides for previous additions with the collection numbers MSS 10553-b through MSS 10553-bu can be found in the catalog\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The guides for original acquisition and previous additions can be found in the online catalog.","Original guides to collection - \nMSS 10553 - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750298\nMSS 10553-a - https://search.lib.virginia.edu/sources/uva_library/items/u1750303","Guides for previous additions with the collection numbers MSS 10553-b through MSS 10553-bu can be found in the catalog"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the records of the \u003ccorpname\u003eMid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society\u003c/corpname\u003e. Correspondence, minutes, newsletters, and photographs pertaining to various activities of the chapter. The additions to this collection include information about regional chapters other than the Mid-Atlantic Chapter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major portion of the records deals with the administration of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter, such as the election of officers, finances, and programs for annual meetings. Minutes, newsletters of various chapters, inventories, catalogs, logbooks and studies of various members, printed articles, maps, and obituaries are also present. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence pertains to the registration of new hybrids, seed exchange, research on rhododendrons, publications, and rhododendron gardens. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the records of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society. Correspondence, minutes, newsletters, and photographs pertaining to various activities of the chapter. The additions to this collection include information about regional chapters other than the Mid-Atlantic Chapter.","A major portion of the records deals with the administration of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter, such as the election of officers, finances, and programs for annual meetings. Minutes, newsletters of various chapters, inventories, catalogs, logbooks and studies of various members, printed articles, maps, and obituaries are also present.","The correspondence pertains to the registration of new hybrids, seed exchange, research on rhododendrons, publications, and rhododendron gardens."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials. https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","American Rhododendron Society","Mid-Atlantic Chapter of the American Rhododendron Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1440"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_58#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_58#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Annual Reports published by the museum since 1936. Issued by the Director's Office, these reports cover every aspect of the museum's activities over the course of a given year, including acquisitions, exhibitions, programs, staffing, donations, etc. The collection also contains archival copies of the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published by the museum at irregular intervals.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_58#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_58.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/58","title_filing_ssi":"Annual Reports (PB-02)","title_ssm":["Annual Reports (PB-02)"],"title_tesim":["Annual Reports (PB-02)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018"],"text":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018","PB-02","/repositories/2/resources/58","Fund raising -- Virginia","Fund raising -- United States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1\n        Annual Reports, 1935-2008\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Honor Roll of Contributors, 1982-2018","Bound volumes of the Annual Reports are available in the Reading Room","The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.","The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of Annual Reports and the Honor Roll of Contributors.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1935-2018, however Annual Reports were not published from 1977-1981, and ceased publication entirely in 2009. The collection also contains the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published irregularly.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Annual Reports published by the museum since 1936. Issued by the Director's Office, these reports cover every aspect of the museum's activities over the course of a given year, including acquisitions, exhibitions, programs, staffing, donations, etc. The collection also contains archival copies of the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published by the museum at irregular intervals.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["PB-02","/repositories/2/resources/58"],"unitid_tesim":["PB-02","/repositories/2/resources/58"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fund raising -- Virginia","Fund raising -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fund raising -- Virginia","Fund raising -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet 239 items"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet 239 items"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAnnual Reports, 1935-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHonor Roll of Contributors, 1982-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1\n        Annual Reports, 1935-2008\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Honor Roll of Contributors, 1982-2018"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBound volumes of the Annual Reports are available in the Reading Room\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library"],"bibliography_tesim":["Bound volumes of the Annual Reports are available in the Reading Room"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnnual Reports (PB-02). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Annual Reports (PB-02). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of Annual Reports and the Honor Roll of Contributors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of Annual Reports and the Honor Roll of Contributors."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1935-2018, however Annual Reports were not published from 1977-1981, and ceased publication entirely in 2009. The collection also contains the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published irregularly.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1935-2018, however Annual Reports were not published from 1977-1981, and ceased publication entirely in 2009. The collection also contains the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published irregularly."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c977624f653978fff3385fee41ff74aa\"\u003eThe collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Annual Reports published by the museum since 1936. Issued by the Director's Office, these reports cover every aspect of the museum's activities over the course of a given year, including acquisitions, exhibitions, programs, staffing, donations, etc. The collection also contains archival copies of the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published by the museum at irregular intervals.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Annual Reports published by the museum since 1936. Issued by the Director's Office, these reports cover every aspect of the museum's activities over the course of a given year, including acquisitions, exhibitions, programs, staffing, donations, etc. The collection also contains archival copies of the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published by the museum at irregular intervals."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":72,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_58","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_58.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/58","title_filing_ssi":"Annual Reports (PB-02)","title_ssm":["Annual Reports (PB-02)"],"title_tesim":["Annual Reports (PB-02)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1935-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018"],"text":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018","PB-02","/repositories/2/resources/58","Fund raising -- Virginia","Fund raising -- United States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1\n        Annual Reports, 1935-2008\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Honor Roll of Contributors, 1982-2018","Bound volumes of the Annual Reports are available in the Reading Room","The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.","The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of Annual Reports and the Honor Roll of Contributors.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1935-2018, however Annual Reports were not published from 1977-1981, and ceased publication entirely in 2009. The collection also contains the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published irregularly.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Annual Reports published by the museum since 1936. Issued by the Director's Office, these reports cover every aspect of the museum's activities over the course of a given year, including acquisitions, exhibitions, programs, staffing, donations, etc. The collection also contains archival copies of the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published by the museum at irregular intervals.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["PB-02","/repositories/2/resources/58"],"unitid_tesim":["PB-02","/repositories/2/resources/58"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fund raising -- Virginia","Fund raising -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fund raising -- Virginia","Fund raising -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["7.5 Linear Feet 239 items"],"extent_tesim":["7.5 Linear Feet 239 items"],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAnnual Reports, 1935-2008\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHonor Roll of Contributors, 1982-2018\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into two series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1\n        Annual Reports, 1935-2008\n      \n      \n        Series 2\n        Honor Roll of Contributors, 1982-2018"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eBound volumes of the Annual Reports are available in the Reading Room\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library"],"bibliography_tesim":["Bound volumes of the Annual Reports are available in the Reading Room"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was transferred from the Library. Accretions are added regularly when new materials are published."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnnual Reports (PB-02). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Annual Reports (PB-02). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of Annual Reports and the Honor Roll of Contributors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The archives strives to retain a minimum of 5 copies of Annual Reports and the Honor Roll of Contributors."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1935-2018, however Annual Reports were not published from 1977-1981, and ceased publication entirely in 2009. The collection also contains the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published irregularly.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1935-2018, however Annual Reports were not published from 1977-1981, and ceased publication entirely in 2009. The collection also contains the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published irregularly."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c977624f653978fff3385fee41ff74aa\"\u003eThe collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Annual Reports published by the museum since 1936. Issued by the Director's Office, these reports cover every aspect of the museum's activities over the course of a given year, including acquisitions, exhibitions, programs, staffing, donations, etc. The collection also contains archival copies of the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published by the museum at irregular intervals.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is part of the Publications Archive, and is comprised of archival copies of all Annual Reports published by the museum since 1936. Issued by the Director's Office, these reports cover every aspect of the museum's activities over the course of a given year, including acquisitions, exhibitions, programs, staffing, donations, etc. The collection also contains archival copies of the Honor Roll of Contributors, which is published by the museum at irregular intervals."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts -- History"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":72,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:28:27.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_58"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1620#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe administrative records, scrapbooks, websites, newsletters, and artifacts in this collection document the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1620#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1620.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/195945","title_ssm":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records"],"title_tesim":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1990 - 2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1990 - 2024"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990/2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024"],"text":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024","RG.32.217","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1620","University of Virginia. School of Law","Students","Student organization","There are no restrictions on access to the items in this collection.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add materials to this collection.","On October 16, 1970, students at the University of Virginia founded the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association. The Chapter's initial and continuing goals are to recruit Black law students and faculty, open a candid forum between UVA Law's Black and non-Black students, assist underserved populations in the Charlottesville community, and facilitate inter-school communication between other BLSA chapters.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library produced an online exhibit about the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of BLSA to commemorate the organization's 50th anniversary. Researchers can view the exhibit either online or at the Library.","The administrative records, scrapbooks, websites, newsletters, and artifacts in this collection document the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA).","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024"],"collection_ssim":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.217","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1620"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.217","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1620"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Law Chapter donated most of the items in this collection to the University of Virginia's Arthur J. Morris Law Library at various dates. More information about the immediate source of acquisition of particular items is noted in other parts of this finding aid."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law","Students","Student organization"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law","Students","Student organization"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["7.67 Linear Feet",".357901824 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["7.67 Linear Feet",".357901824 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access to the items in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access to the items in this collection."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add materials to this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add materials to this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 16, 1970, students at the University of Virginia founded the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association. The Chapter's initial and continuing goals are to recruit Black law students and faculty, open a candid forum between UVA Law's Black and non-Black students, assist underserved populations in the Charlottesville community, and facilitate inter-school communication between other BLSA chapters.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 16, 1970, students at the University of Virginia founded the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association. The Chapter's initial and continuing goals are to recruit Black law students and faculty, open a candid forum between UVA Law's Black and non-Black students, assist underserved populations in the Charlottesville community, and facilitate inter-school communication between other BLSA chapters."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library produced an online exhibit about the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of BLSA to commemorate the organization's 50th anniversary. Researchers can view the exhibit either online or at the Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library produced an online exhibit about the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of BLSA to commemorate the organization's 50th anniversary. Researchers can view the exhibit either online or at the Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe administrative records, scrapbooks, websites, newsletters, and artifacts in this collection document the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The administrative records, scrapbooks, websites, newsletters, and artifacts in this collection document the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":9,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1620","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1620.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/195945","title_ssm":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records"],"title_tesim":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1990 - 2024"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1990 - 2024"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1990/2024"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024"],"text":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024","RG.32.217","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1620","University of Virginia. School of Law","Students","Student organization","There are no restrictions on access to the items in this collection.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add materials to this collection.","On October 16, 1970, students at the University of Virginia founded the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association. The Chapter's initial and continuing goals are to recruit Black law students and faculty, open a candid forum between UVA Law's Black and non-Black students, assist underserved populations in the Charlottesville community, and facilitate inter-school communication between other BLSA chapters.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library produced an online exhibit about the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of BLSA to commemorate the organization's 50th anniversary. Researchers can view the exhibit either online or at the Library.","The administrative records, scrapbooks, websites, newsletters, and artifacts in this collection document the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA).","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024"],"collection_ssim":["Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.217","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1620"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.217","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1620"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Virginia Law Chapter donated most of the items in this collection to the University of Virginia's Arthur J. Morris Law Library at various dates. More information about the immediate source of acquisition of particular items is noted in other parts of this finding aid."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law","Students","Student organization"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law","Students","Student organization"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["7.67 Linear Feet",".357901824 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["7.67 Linear Feet",".357901824 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access to the items in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access to the items in this collection."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add materials to this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add materials to this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn October 16, 1970, students at the University of Virginia founded the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association. The Chapter's initial and continuing goals are to recruit Black law students and faculty, open a candid forum between UVA Law's Black and non-Black students, assist underserved populations in the Charlottesville community, and facilitate inter-school communication between other BLSA chapters.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["On October 16, 1970, students at the University of Virginia founded the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association. The Chapter's initial and continuing goals are to recruit Black law students and faculty, open a candid forum between UVA Law's Black and non-Black students, assist underserved populations in the Charlottesville community, and facilitate inter-school communication between other BLSA chapters."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library produced an online exhibit about the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of BLSA to commemorate the organization's 50th anniversary. Researchers can view the exhibit either online or at the Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library produced an online exhibit about the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of BLSA to commemorate the organization's 50th anniversary. Researchers can view the exhibit either online or at the Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe administrative records, scrapbooks, websites, newsletters, and artifacts in this collection document the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The administrative records, scrapbooks, websites, newsletters, and artifacts in this collection document the history of the Virginia Law Chapter of the Black Law Students Association (BLSA)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creators of the content until it passes into the public domain."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":9,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1620"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_215#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of permanent and historically significant institutional records created by the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library and the antecedent Medical Library. These records include, but are not limited to: annual reports, planning documents, newsletters, online exhibits, blogs, social media content, conference programs, department histories, committee records, and library-sponsored lecture materials.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_215#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_215.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133046","title_ssm":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records"],"title_tesim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2025","1848-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2019"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1942-2025"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"text":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025","RG.17.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/215","University of Virginia","The records of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library are open to researchers, except where it is noted. Decisions to close records to research are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VAFOIA), the policies of the University of Virginia, and other relevent laws, regulations, or policies.","Records are generally organized according to the records retention and disposition schedules series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA). When necessary, additional subdivisions have been created for materials that do not have clear equivalents in the LVA resources.","Between 1826 and 1929, the University of Virginia's collection of medical books and journals were kept with the general library collections in the Rotunda. In 1929, the University moved the collections to the new Medical Library inside the recently-constructed Medical School Building.","Between 1929 and 1962, a medical librarian with a small staff of student and clerical workers stewarded the library's collections. The Medical Library at this time, although physically separate from the rest of the University's libraries, was administered as part of the central University library system with oversight from School of Medicine faculty serving on the Medical Library Committee. In addition to the management of collections, the medical librarians in this era began to curate exhibits and provide instruction. Only a few of the medical librarians who served in this period had professional library training.","In 1962, Wilhelm Moll was appointed the first Director of the Medical Library. During his tenure, Moll oversaw the radical trasnformation of a small branch library into an independent research library. The full-time library staff expanded from 4 to 30, the University built a new library building over Jefferson Park Avenue, the nursing and medical libraries merged to form the Health Sciences Library, a history of medicine program was founded, and the library began to adopt digital technologies.","After Moll's death in 1979, the University apppointed Terry Thorkildsen as the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.  Thorkildsen and his successors Linda Watson (1990-2005) and Gretchen Arnold (2005-present) led the library during an era when revolutionary advances in digital technologies (e.g. the Internet, personal computers, databases) presented new challenges and opportunities for the Library.","September 1826: The University of Virginia Library opens in the Rotunda and it includes a collection of medical books.\n1911: The University Library's entire collection of medical books and journals are gathered together and moved to the basement of the Rotunda.\nSeptember 13, 1915: Richard Henry Whitehead, Dean of the School of Medicine, creates the Medical Library Committee.\n1919-June 1929: Ella Watson Johnson serves as the Medical Librarian.\nJune 1929: The Medical Library moves from the basement of the Rotunda to its own space in the new Medical School Building, the Medical Library remains a department of the central University Library System.\nJune 1929-September 1929: Margaret Otto serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1929-1931: Anne Ashhurst Gwathmey serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1931-1934: Caroline Hill Davis serves as the Medical Librarian.\nMarch 1934-June 1934: Dora Mitchell Brown serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1934-1936: Miriam Thomas Buchanan serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1935: The Medical Library institutes its first orientation for first year medical students.\n1936-1943: Anne Lewis Morris serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1943-1944: Mary Elizabeth Mayo serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1944-1947: Mabel Cook Wyllie serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1945-1949: The Nursing Library is placed under the Supervision of the Medical Librarian until the appointment of a clerk to manage the Nursing collection.\n1947-1962: Elizabeth Frances Adkins serves as the Medical Librarian.\nSeptember 1962: Wilhelm Moll is appointed the Director of the Medical Library.\n1962-1963: As the result of administrative reorganizations during this period, the Medical Library is separated from the central University Library system and placed under the control of the School of Medicine.\nNovember 1970: Librarians conduct the first online searches of a database at the University of Virginia Medical Library using the experimental AIM-TWX service developed by the National Library of Medicine's Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications.\nNovember 1971: Librarians begin using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE system to conduct online searches for patrons.\nAugust 1975: The Medical Library and Nursing Library are merged into the Health Sciences Library and Information Center and moved into a new building that spans over Jefferson Park Avenue. Wilhelm Moll is made the Director of the Health Sciences Library.\nApril 1976: The Health Sciences Library is formally dedicated and named after Claude Moore, an alumnus of and donor to the University of Virginia.\n1979: Terry Thorkildsen is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n1989: The library card catalog is digitized and made available through computer terminals.\n1990: Linda Watson is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n2005: Gretchen Arnold is appointed the interim Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library and is then made Director in 2007.\n2022: Bart Ragon is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.","This collection consists of permanent and historically significant institutional records created by the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library and the antecedent Medical Library. These records include, but are not limited to: annual reports, planning documents, newsletters, online exhibits, blogs, social media content, conference programs, department histories, committee records, and library-sponsored lecture materials.","The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"collection_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.17.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/215"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.17.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/215"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["97 Volumes 97 bound volumes and enclosures on book shelves","8 Linear Feet 29 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["97 Volumes 97 bound volumes and enclosures on book shelves","8 Linear Feet 29 archival boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library are open to researchers, except where it is noted. Decisions to close records to research are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VAFOIA), the policies of the University of Virginia, and other relevent laws, regulations, or policies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The records of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library are open to researchers, except where it is noted. Decisions to close records to research are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VAFOIA), the policies of the University of Virginia, and other relevent laws, regulations, or policies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are generally organized according to the records retention and disposition schedules series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA). When necessary, additional subdivisions have been created for materials that do not have clear equivalents in the LVA resources.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Records are generally organized according to the records retention and disposition schedules series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA). When necessary, additional subdivisions have been created for materials that do not have clear equivalents in the LVA resources."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nBetween 1826 and 1929, the University of Virginia's collection of medical books and journals were kept with the general library collections in the Rotunda. In 1929, the University moved the collections to the new Medical Library inside the recently-constructed Medical School Building. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBetween 1929 and 1962, a medical librarian with a small staff of student and clerical workers stewarded the library's collections. The Medical Library at this time, although physically separate from the rest of the University's libraries, was administered as part of the central University library system with oversight from School of Medicine faculty serving on the Medical Library Committee. In addition to the management of collections, the medical librarians in this era began to curate exhibits and provide instruction. Only a few of the medical librarians who served in this period had professional library training.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1962, Wilhelm Moll was appointed the first Director of the Medical Library. During his tenure, Moll oversaw the radical trasnformation of a small branch library into an independent research library. The full-time library staff expanded from 4 to 30, the University built a new library building over Jefferson Park Avenue, the nursing and medical libraries merged to form the Health Sciences Library, a history of medicine program was founded, and the library began to adopt digital technologies.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAfter Moll's death in 1979, the University apppointed Terry Thorkildsen as the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.  Thorkildsen and his successors Linda Watson (1990-2005) and Gretchen Arnold (2005-present) led the library during an era when revolutionary advances in digital technologies (e.g. the Internet, personal computers, databases) presented new challenges and opportunities for the Library.\n\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cbr\u003e\n","\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeptember 1826: The University of Virginia Library opens in the Rotunda and it includes a collection of medical books.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1911: The University Library's entire collection of medical books and journals are gathered together and moved to the basement of the Rotunda.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeptember 13, 1915: Richard Henry Whitehead, Dean of the School of Medicine, creates the Medical Library Committee.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1919-June 1929: Ella Watson Johnson serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJune 1929: The Medical Library moves from the basement of the Rotunda to its own space in the new Medical School Building, the Medical Library remains a department of the central University Library System.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJune 1929-September 1929: Margaret Otto serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1929-1931: Anne Ashhurst Gwathmey serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1931-1934: Caroline Hill Davis serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarch 1934-June 1934: Dora Mitchell Brown serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1934-1936: Miriam Thomas Buchanan serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1935: The Medical Library institutes its first orientation for first year medical students.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1936-1943: Anne Lewis Morris serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1943-1944: Mary Elizabeth Mayo serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1944-1947: Mabel Cook Wyllie serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1945-1949: The Nursing Library is placed under the Supervision of the Medical Librarian until the appointment of a clerk to manage the Nursing collection.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1947-1962: Elizabeth Frances Adkins serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeptember 1962: Wilhelm Moll is appointed the Director of the Medical Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1962-1963: As the result of administrative reorganizations during this period, the Medical Library is separated from the central University Library system and placed under the control of the School of Medicine.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovember 1970: Librarians conduct the first online searches of a database at the University of Virginia Medical Library using the experimental AIM-TWX service developed by the National Library of Medicine's Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovember 1971: Librarians begin using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE system to conduct online searches for patrons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAugust 1975: The Medical Library and Nursing Library are merged into the Health Sciences Library and Information Center and moved into a new building that spans over Jefferson Park Avenue. Wilhelm Moll is made the Director of the Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApril 1976: The Health Sciences Library is formally dedicated and named after Claude Moore, an alumnus of and donor to the University of Virginia.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1979: Terry Thorkildsen is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1989: The library card catalog is digitized and made available through computer terminals.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1990: Linda Watson is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2005: Gretchen Arnold is appointed the interim Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library and is then made Director in 2007.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2022: Bart Ragon is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Between 1826 and 1929, the University of Virginia's collection of medical books and journals were kept with the general library collections in the Rotunda. In 1929, the University moved the collections to the new Medical Library inside the recently-constructed Medical School Building.","Between 1929 and 1962, a medical librarian with a small staff of student and clerical workers stewarded the library's collections. The Medical Library at this time, although physically separate from the rest of the University's libraries, was administered as part of the central University library system with oversight from School of Medicine faculty serving on the Medical Library Committee. In addition to the management of collections, the medical librarians in this era began to curate exhibits and provide instruction. Only a few of the medical librarians who served in this period had professional library training.","In 1962, Wilhelm Moll was appointed the first Director of the Medical Library. During his tenure, Moll oversaw the radical trasnformation of a small branch library into an independent research library. The full-time library staff expanded from 4 to 30, the University built a new library building over Jefferson Park Avenue, the nursing and medical libraries merged to form the Health Sciences Library, a history of medicine program was founded, and the library began to adopt digital technologies.","After Moll's death in 1979, the University apppointed Terry Thorkildsen as the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.  Thorkildsen and his successors Linda Watson (1990-2005) and Gretchen Arnold (2005-present) led the library during an era when revolutionary advances in digital technologies (e.g. the Internet, personal computers, databases) presented new challenges and opportunities for the Library.","September 1826: The University of Virginia Library opens in the Rotunda and it includes a collection of medical books.\n1911: The University Library's entire collection of medical books and journals are gathered together and moved to the basement of the Rotunda.\nSeptember 13, 1915: Richard Henry Whitehead, Dean of the School of Medicine, creates the Medical Library Committee.\n1919-June 1929: Ella Watson Johnson serves as the Medical Librarian.\nJune 1929: The Medical Library moves from the basement of the Rotunda to its own space in the new Medical School Building, the Medical Library remains a department of the central University Library System.\nJune 1929-September 1929: Margaret Otto serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1929-1931: Anne Ashhurst Gwathmey serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1931-1934: Caroline Hill Davis serves as the Medical Librarian.\nMarch 1934-June 1934: Dora Mitchell Brown serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1934-1936: Miriam Thomas Buchanan serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1935: The Medical Library institutes its first orientation for first year medical students.\n1936-1943: Anne Lewis Morris serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1943-1944: Mary Elizabeth Mayo serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1944-1947: Mabel Cook Wyllie serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1945-1949: The Nursing Library is placed under the Supervision of the Medical Librarian until the appointment of a clerk to manage the Nursing collection.\n1947-1962: Elizabeth Frances Adkins serves as the Medical Librarian.\nSeptember 1962: Wilhelm Moll is appointed the Director of the Medical Library.\n1962-1963: As the result of administrative reorganizations during this period, the Medical Library is separated from the central University Library system and placed under the control of the School of Medicine.\nNovember 1970: Librarians conduct the first online searches of a database at the University of Virginia Medical Library using the experimental AIM-TWX service developed by the National Library of Medicine's Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications.\nNovember 1971: Librarians begin using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE system to conduct online searches for patrons.\nAugust 1975: The Medical Library and Nursing Library are merged into the Health Sciences Library and Information Center and moved into a new building that spans over Jefferson Park Avenue. Wilhelm Moll is made the Director of the Health Sciences Library.\nApril 1976: The Health Sciences Library is formally dedicated and named after Claude Moore, an alumnus of and donor to the University of Virginia.\n1979: Terry Thorkildsen is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n1989: The library card catalog is digitized and made available through computer terminals.\n1990: Linda Watson is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n2005: Gretchen Arnold is appointed the interim Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library and is then made Director in 2007.\n2022: Bart Ragon is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of permanent and historically significant institutional records created by the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library and the antecedent Medical Library. These records include, but are not limited to: annual reports, planning documents, newsletters, online exhibits, blogs, social media content, conference programs, department histories, committee records, and library-sponsored lecture materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of permanent and historically significant institutional records created by the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library and the antecedent Medical Library. These records include, but are not limited to: annual reports, planning documents, newsletters, online exhibits, blogs, social media content, conference programs, department histories, committee records, and library-sponsored lecture materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":26,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:16.895Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_215.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133046","title_ssm":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records"],"title_tesim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2025","1848-2019"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2019"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1942-2025"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"text":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025","RG.17.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/215","University of Virginia","The records of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library are open to researchers, except where it is noted. Decisions to close records to research are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VAFOIA), the policies of the University of Virginia, and other relevent laws, regulations, or policies.","Records are generally organized according to the records retention and disposition schedules series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA). When necessary, additional subdivisions have been created for materials that do not have clear equivalents in the LVA resources.","Between 1826 and 1929, the University of Virginia's collection of medical books and journals were kept with the general library collections in the Rotunda. In 1929, the University moved the collections to the new Medical Library inside the recently-constructed Medical School Building.","Between 1929 and 1962, a medical librarian with a small staff of student and clerical workers stewarded the library's collections. The Medical Library at this time, although physically separate from the rest of the University's libraries, was administered as part of the central University library system with oversight from School of Medicine faculty serving on the Medical Library Committee. In addition to the management of collections, the medical librarians in this era began to curate exhibits and provide instruction. Only a few of the medical librarians who served in this period had professional library training.","In 1962, Wilhelm Moll was appointed the first Director of the Medical Library. During his tenure, Moll oversaw the radical trasnformation of a small branch library into an independent research library. The full-time library staff expanded from 4 to 30, the University built a new library building over Jefferson Park Avenue, the nursing and medical libraries merged to form the Health Sciences Library, a history of medicine program was founded, and the library began to adopt digital technologies.","After Moll's death in 1979, the University apppointed Terry Thorkildsen as the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.  Thorkildsen and his successors Linda Watson (1990-2005) and Gretchen Arnold (2005-present) led the library during an era when revolutionary advances in digital technologies (e.g. the Internet, personal computers, databases) presented new challenges and opportunities for the Library.","September 1826: The University of Virginia Library opens in the Rotunda and it includes a collection of medical books.\n1911: The University Library's entire collection of medical books and journals are gathered together and moved to the basement of the Rotunda.\nSeptember 13, 1915: Richard Henry Whitehead, Dean of the School of Medicine, creates the Medical Library Committee.\n1919-June 1929: Ella Watson Johnson serves as the Medical Librarian.\nJune 1929: The Medical Library moves from the basement of the Rotunda to its own space in the new Medical School Building, the Medical Library remains a department of the central University Library System.\nJune 1929-September 1929: Margaret Otto serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1929-1931: Anne Ashhurst Gwathmey serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1931-1934: Caroline Hill Davis serves as the Medical Librarian.\nMarch 1934-June 1934: Dora Mitchell Brown serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1934-1936: Miriam Thomas Buchanan serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1935: The Medical Library institutes its first orientation for first year medical students.\n1936-1943: Anne Lewis Morris serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1943-1944: Mary Elizabeth Mayo serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1944-1947: Mabel Cook Wyllie serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1945-1949: The Nursing Library is placed under the Supervision of the Medical Librarian until the appointment of a clerk to manage the Nursing collection.\n1947-1962: Elizabeth Frances Adkins serves as the Medical Librarian.\nSeptember 1962: Wilhelm Moll is appointed the Director of the Medical Library.\n1962-1963: As the result of administrative reorganizations during this period, the Medical Library is separated from the central University Library system and placed under the control of the School of Medicine.\nNovember 1970: Librarians conduct the first online searches of a database at the University of Virginia Medical Library using the experimental AIM-TWX service developed by the National Library of Medicine's Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications.\nNovember 1971: Librarians begin using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE system to conduct online searches for patrons.\nAugust 1975: The Medical Library and Nursing Library are merged into the Health Sciences Library and Information Center and moved into a new building that spans over Jefferson Park Avenue. Wilhelm Moll is made the Director of the Health Sciences Library.\nApril 1976: The Health Sciences Library is formally dedicated and named after Claude Moore, an alumnus of and donor to the University of Virginia.\n1979: Terry Thorkildsen is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n1989: The library card catalog is digitized and made available through computer terminals.\n1990: Linda Watson is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n2005: Gretchen Arnold is appointed the interim Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library and is then made Director in 2007.\n2022: Bart Ragon is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.","This collection consists of permanent and historically significant institutional records created by the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library and the antecedent Medical Library. These records include, but are not limited to: annual reports, planning documents, newsletters, online exhibits, blogs, social media content, conference programs, department histories, committee records, and library-sponsored lecture materials.","The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"collection_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.17.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/215"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.17.4","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/215"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["97 Volumes 97 bound volumes and enclosures on book shelves","8 Linear Feet 29 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["97 Volumes 97 bound volumes and enclosures on book shelves","8 Linear Feet 29 archival boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library are open to researchers, except where it is noted. Decisions to close records to research are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VAFOIA), the policies of the University of Virginia, and other relevent laws, regulations, or policies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The records of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library are open to researchers, except where it is noted. Decisions to close records to research are made in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA), the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (VAFOIA), the policies of the University of Virginia, and other relevent laws, regulations, or policies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords are generally organized according to the records retention and disposition schedules series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA). When necessary, additional subdivisions have been created for materials that do not have clear equivalents in the LVA resources.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Records are generally organized according to the records retention and disposition schedules series maintained by the Library of Virginia (LVA). When necessary, additional subdivisions have been created for materials that do not have clear equivalents in the LVA resources."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nBetween 1826 and 1929, the University of Virginia's collection of medical books and journals were kept with the general library collections in the Rotunda. In 1929, the University moved the collections to the new Medical Library inside the recently-constructed Medical School Building. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBetween 1929 and 1962, a medical librarian with a small staff of student and clerical workers stewarded the library's collections. The Medical Library at this time, although physically separate from the rest of the University's libraries, was administered as part of the central University library system with oversight from School of Medicine faculty serving on the Medical Library Committee. In addition to the management of collections, the medical librarians in this era began to curate exhibits and provide instruction. Only a few of the medical librarians who served in this period had professional library training.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1962, Wilhelm Moll was appointed the first Director of the Medical Library. During his tenure, Moll oversaw the radical trasnformation of a small branch library into an independent research library. The full-time library staff expanded from 4 to 30, the University built a new library building over Jefferson Park Avenue, the nursing and medical libraries merged to form the Health Sciences Library, a history of medicine program was founded, and the library began to adopt digital technologies.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAfter Moll's death in 1979, the University apppointed Terry Thorkildsen as the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.  Thorkildsen and his successors Linda Watson (1990-2005) and Gretchen Arnold (2005-present) led the library during an era when revolutionary advances in digital technologies (e.g. the Internet, personal computers, databases) presented new challenges and opportunities for the Library.\n\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cbr\u003e\n","\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeptember 1826: The University of Virginia Library opens in the Rotunda and it includes a collection of medical books.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1911: The University Library's entire collection of medical books and journals are gathered together and moved to the basement of the Rotunda.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeptember 13, 1915: Richard Henry Whitehead, Dean of the School of Medicine, creates the Medical Library Committee.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1919-June 1929: Ella Watson Johnson serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJune 1929: The Medical Library moves from the basement of the Rotunda to its own space in the new Medical School Building, the Medical Library remains a department of the central University Library System.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJune 1929-September 1929: Margaret Otto serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1929-1931: Anne Ashhurst Gwathmey serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1931-1934: Caroline Hill Davis serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMarch 1934-June 1934: Dora Mitchell Brown serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1934-1936: Miriam Thomas Buchanan serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1935: The Medical Library institutes its first orientation for first year medical students.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1936-1943: Anne Lewis Morris serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1943-1944: Mary Elizabeth Mayo serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1944-1947: Mabel Cook Wyllie serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1945-1949: The Nursing Library is placed under the Supervision of the Medical Librarian until the appointment of a clerk to manage the Nursing collection.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1947-1962: Elizabeth Frances Adkins serves as the Medical Librarian.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeptember 1962: Wilhelm Moll is appointed the Director of the Medical Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1962-1963: As the result of administrative reorganizations during this period, the Medical Library is separated from the central University Library system and placed under the control of the School of Medicine.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovember 1970: Librarians conduct the first online searches of a database at the University of Virginia Medical Library using the experimental AIM-TWX service developed by the National Library of Medicine's Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovember 1971: Librarians begin using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE system to conduct online searches for patrons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAugust 1975: The Medical Library and Nursing Library are merged into the Health Sciences Library and Information Center and moved into a new building that spans over Jefferson Park Avenue. Wilhelm Moll is made the Director of the Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApril 1976: The Health Sciences Library is formally dedicated and named after Claude Moore, an alumnus of and donor to the University of Virginia.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1979: Terry Thorkildsen is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1989: The library card catalog is digitized and made available through computer terminals.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e1990: Linda Watson is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2005: Gretchen Arnold is appointed the interim Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library and is then made Director in 2007.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e2022: Bart Ragon is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Between 1826 and 1929, the University of Virginia's collection of medical books and journals were kept with the general library collections in the Rotunda. In 1929, the University moved the collections to the new Medical Library inside the recently-constructed Medical School Building.","Between 1929 and 1962, a medical librarian with a small staff of student and clerical workers stewarded the library's collections. The Medical Library at this time, although physically separate from the rest of the University's libraries, was administered as part of the central University library system with oversight from School of Medicine faculty serving on the Medical Library Committee. In addition to the management of collections, the medical librarians in this era began to curate exhibits and provide instruction. Only a few of the medical librarians who served in this period had professional library training.","In 1962, Wilhelm Moll was appointed the first Director of the Medical Library. During his tenure, Moll oversaw the radical trasnformation of a small branch library into an independent research library. The full-time library staff expanded from 4 to 30, the University built a new library building over Jefferson Park Avenue, the nursing and medical libraries merged to form the Health Sciences Library, a history of medicine program was founded, and the library began to adopt digital technologies.","After Moll's death in 1979, the University apppointed Terry Thorkildsen as the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.  Thorkildsen and his successors Linda Watson (1990-2005) and Gretchen Arnold (2005-present) led the library during an era when revolutionary advances in digital technologies (e.g. the Internet, personal computers, databases) presented new challenges and opportunities for the Library.","September 1826: The University of Virginia Library opens in the Rotunda and it includes a collection of medical books.\n1911: The University Library's entire collection of medical books and journals are gathered together and moved to the basement of the Rotunda.\nSeptember 13, 1915: Richard Henry Whitehead, Dean of the School of Medicine, creates the Medical Library Committee.\n1919-June 1929: Ella Watson Johnson serves as the Medical Librarian.\nJune 1929: The Medical Library moves from the basement of the Rotunda to its own space in the new Medical School Building, the Medical Library remains a department of the central University Library System.\nJune 1929-September 1929: Margaret Otto serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1929-1931: Anne Ashhurst Gwathmey serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1931-1934: Caroline Hill Davis serves as the Medical Librarian.\nMarch 1934-June 1934: Dora Mitchell Brown serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1934-1936: Miriam Thomas Buchanan serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1935: The Medical Library institutes its first orientation for first year medical students.\n1936-1943: Anne Lewis Morris serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1943-1944: Mary Elizabeth Mayo serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1944-1947: Mabel Cook Wyllie serves as the Medical Librarian.\n1945-1949: The Nursing Library is placed under the Supervision of the Medical Librarian until the appointment of a clerk to manage the Nursing collection.\n1947-1962: Elizabeth Frances Adkins serves as the Medical Librarian.\nSeptember 1962: Wilhelm Moll is appointed the Director of the Medical Library.\n1962-1963: As the result of administrative reorganizations during this period, the Medical Library is separated from the central University Library system and placed under the control of the School of Medicine.\nNovember 1970: Librarians conduct the first online searches of a database at the University of Virginia Medical Library using the experimental AIM-TWX service developed by the National Library of Medicine's Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications.\nNovember 1971: Librarians begin using the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE system to conduct online searches for patrons.\nAugust 1975: The Medical Library and Nursing Library are merged into the Health Sciences Library and Information Center and moved into a new building that spans over Jefferson Park Avenue. Wilhelm Moll is made the Director of the Health Sciences Library.\nApril 1976: The Health Sciences Library is formally dedicated and named after Claude Moore, an alumnus of and donor to the University of Virginia.\n1979: Terry Thorkildsen is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n1989: The library card catalog is digitized and made available through computer terminals.\n1990: Linda Watson is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library.\n2005: Gretchen Arnold is appointed the interim Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library and is then made Director in 2007.\n2022: Bart Ragon is appointed the Director of the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of permanent and historically significant institutional records created by the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library and the antecedent Medical Library. These records include, but are not limited to: annual reports, planning documents, newsletters, online exhibits, blogs, social media content, conference programs, department histories, committee records, and library-sponsored lecture materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of permanent and historically significant institutional records created by the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library and the antecedent Medical Library. These records include, but are not limited to: annual reports, planning documents, newsletters, online exhibits, blogs, social media content, conference programs, department histories, committee records, and library-sponsored lecture materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia own the copyright to records created by University employees while acting within the scope of their employment, except scholarly and academic works.  Copyright ownership for other materials in this collection varies."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":26,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:16.895Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_215"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1699#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThese print and digital records document commencement ceremonies and related events at the University of Virginia School of Law. They include event programs, video recordings, photographs, and websites.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1699#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1699.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202235","title_ssm":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1976-2026"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-2026"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976/2026"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026"],"text":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026","RG.32.514","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1699","Commencement ceremonies","University of Virginia","There are no restrictions on access to these materials.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library regularly adds new material to this collection.","The following collections at the Arthur J. Morris Law Library contain materials related to this collection: Office of Career Services at the University of Virginia School of Law records (RG-32-315) and Steve Hopson Law School Memorabilia collection (MSS-2013-03).","These print and digital records document commencement ceremonies and related events at the University of Virginia School of Law. They include event programs, video recordings, photographs, and websites.","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026"],"collection_ssim":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.514","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1699"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.514","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1699"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library acquired these records from various sources at different times. When the immediate source of acquisition is known for a particular item or group of items in this collection, that source is noted in other parts of the finding aid."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Commencement ceremonies","University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Commencement ceremonies","University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["16.954 Gigabytes","1.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["16.954 Gigabytes","1.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access to these materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access to these materials."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library regularly adds new material to this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library regularly adds new material to this collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following collections at the Arthur J. Morris Law Library contain materials related to this collection: Office of Career Services at the University of Virginia School of Law records (RG-32-315) and Steve Hopson Law School Memorabilia collection (MSS-2013-03).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The following collections at the Arthur J. Morris Law Library contain materials related to this collection: Office of Career Services at the University of Virginia School of Law records (RG-32-315) and Steve Hopson Law School Memorabilia collection (MSS-2013-03)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese print and digital records document commencement ceremonies and related events at the University of Virginia School of Law. They include event programs, video recordings, photographs, and websites.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These print and digital records document commencement ceremonies and related events at the University of Virginia School of Law. They include event programs, video recordings, photographs, and websites."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":54,"online_item_count_is":14,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1699","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1699.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202235","title_ssm":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1976-2026"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1976-2026"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1976/2026"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026"],"text":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026","RG.32.514","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1699","Commencement ceremonies","University of Virginia","There are no restrictions on access to these materials.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library regularly adds new material to this collection.","The following collections at the Arthur J. Morris Law Library contain materials related to this collection: Office of Career Services at the University of Virginia School of Law records (RG-32-315) and Steve Hopson Law School Memorabilia collection (MSS-2013-03).","These print and digital records document commencement ceremonies and related events at the University of Virginia School of Law. They include event programs, video recordings, photographs, and websites.","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026"],"collection_ssim":["Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.514","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1699"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.514","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1699"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library acquired these records from various sources at different times. When the immediate source of acquisition is known for a particular item or group of items in this collection, that source is noted in other parts of the finding aid."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Commencement ceremonies","University of Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Commencement ceremonies","University of Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["16.954 Gigabytes","1.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["16.954 Gigabytes","1.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access to these materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access to these materials."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library regularly adds new material to this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library regularly adds new material to this collection."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following collections at the Arthur J. Morris Law Library contain materials related to this collection: Office of Career Services at the University of Virginia School of Law records (RG-32-315) and Steve Hopson Law School Memorabilia collection (MSS-2013-03).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The following collections at the Arthur J. Morris Law Library contain materials related to this collection: Office of Career Services at the University of Virginia School of Law records (RG-32-315) and Steve Hopson Law School Memorabilia collection (MSS-2013-03)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese print and digital records document commencement ceremonies and related events at the University of Virginia School of Law. They include event programs, video recordings, photographs, and websites.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These print and digital records document commencement ceremonies and related events at the University of Virginia School of Law. They include event programs, video recordings, photographs, and websites."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":54,"online_item_count_is":14,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1699"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1517#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"University of Virginia. School of Law","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1517#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a collection of print and digital directories that list the faculty, staff, students, and alumni of the University of Virginia School of Law. It contains the following series of materials:\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1517#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1517.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189280","title_ssm":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-2026"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2026"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/2026"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026"],"text":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026","RG.32.502","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1517","University of Virginia. School of Law","There are no restrictions on access to the directories in this series.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add items to this collection periodically.","The series in this collection are arranged in chronological order.","During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the University of Virginia published lists of law faculty, staff, and students in the University of Virginia general and School of Law catalogs.","This is a collection of print and digital directories that list the faculty, staff, students, and alumni of the University of Virginia School of Law. It contains the following series of materials:","Alumni Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1940-2005)","Directory of the Faculty and Students of the University of Virginia (1942-1943)","Directory of the Law School, University of Virginia (1947-1973)","Faculty Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1974, 1982-2000)","Graduate Studies Directories, University of Virginia School of Law (1998-2012)","Law School Telephone Directories, University of Virginia (1998-2020)","University of Virginia Telephone Directories (2002-2014)","Online Faculty, Staff, and Department Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2003-2026)","Photograph Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2010-2024)","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026"],"collection_ssim":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.502","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1517"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.502","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1517"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"creator_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The directories came to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library from various sources. When the source of a single directory or group of directories is known, archivists include that information in the finding aid inventory."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["37.369 Gigabytes","3.13 Linear Feet","24 Volumes"],"extent_tesim":["37.369 Gigabytes","3.13 Linear Feet","24 Volumes"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access to the directories in this series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access to the directories in this series."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add items to this collection periodically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add items to this collection periodically."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe series in this collection are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The series in this collection are arranged in chronological order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the University of Virginia published lists of law faculty, staff, and students in the University of Virginia general and School of Law catalogs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the University of Virginia published lists of law faculty, staff, and students in the University of Virginia general and School of Law catalogs."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a collection of print and digital directories that list the faculty, staff, students, and alumni of the University of Virginia School of Law. It contains the following series of materials:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlumni Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1940-2005)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDirectory of the Faculty and Students of the University of Virginia (1942-1943)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDirectory of the Law School, University of Virginia (1947-1973)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFaculty Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1974, 1982-2000)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nGraduate Studies Directories, University of Virginia School of Law (1998-2012)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw School Telephone Directories, University of Virginia (1998-2020)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Telephone Directories (2002-2014)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnline Faculty, Staff, and Department Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2003-2026)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2010-2024)\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a collection of print and digital directories that list the faculty, staff, students, and alumni of the University of Virginia School of Law. It contains the following series of materials:","Alumni Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1940-2005)","Directory of the Faculty and Students of the University of Virginia (1942-1943)","Directory of the Law School, University of Virginia (1947-1973)","Faculty Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1974, 1982-2000)","Graduate Studies Directories, University of Virginia School of Law (1998-2012)","Law School Telephone Directories, University of Virginia (1998-2020)","University of Virginia Telephone Directories (2002-2014)","Online Faculty, Staff, and Department Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2003-2026)","Photograph Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2010-2024)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":102,"online_item_count_is":9,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1517","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1517.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189280","title_ssm":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1940-2026"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1940-2026"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1940/2026"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026"],"text":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026","RG.32.502","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1517","University of Virginia. School of Law","There are no restrictions on access to the directories in this series.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add items to this collection periodically.","The series in this collection are arranged in chronological order.","During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the University of Virginia published lists of law faculty, staff, and students in the University of Virginia general and School of Law catalogs.","This is a collection of print and digital directories that list the faculty, staff, students, and alumni of the University of Virginia School of Law. It contains the following series of materials:","Alumni Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1940-2005)","Directory of the Faculty and Students of the University of Virginia (1942-1943)","Directory of the Law School, University of Virginia (1947-1973)","Faculty Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1974, 1982-2000)","Graduate Studies Directories, University of Virginia School of Law (1998-2012)","Law School Telephone Directories, University of Virginia (1998-2020)","University of Virginia Telephone Directories (2002-2014)","Online Faculty, Staff, and Department Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2003-2026)","Photograph Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2010-2024)","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026"],"collection_ssim":["Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.502","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1517"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.502","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1517"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"creator_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The directories came to the Arthur J. Morris Law Library from various sources. When the source of a single directory or group of directories is known, archivists include that information in the finding aid inventory."],"access_subjects_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"access_subjects_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["37.369 Gigabytes","3.13 Linear Feet","24 Volumes"],"extent_tesim":["37.369 Gigabytes","3.13 Linear Feet","24 Volumes"],"date_range_isim":[1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024,2025,2026],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on access to the directories in this series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on access to the directories in this series."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add items to this collection periodically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library expects to add items to this collection periodically."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe series in this collection are arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The series in this collection are arranged in chronological order."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the University of Virginia published lists of law faculty, staff, and students in the University of Virginia general and School of Law catalogs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the University of Virginia published lists of law faculty, staff, and students in the University of Virginia general and School of Law catalogs."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a collection of print and digital directories that list the faculty, staff, students, and alumni of the University of Virginia School of Law. It contains the following series of materials:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlumni Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1940-2005)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDirectory of the Faculty and Students of the University of Virginia (1942-1943)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDirectory of the Law School, University of Virginia (1947-1973)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFaculty Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1974, 1982-2000)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nGraduate Studies Directories, University of Virginia School of Law (1998-2012)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaw School Telephone Directories, University of Virginia (1998-2020)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Telephone Directories (2002-2014)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnline Faculty, Staff, and Department Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2003-2026)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2010-2024)\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a collection of print and digital directories that list the faculty, staff, students, and alumni of the University of Virginia School of Law. It contains the following series of materials:","Alumni Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1940-2005)","Directory of the Faculty and Students of the University of Virginia (1942-1943)","Directory of the Law School, University of Virginia (1947-1973)","Faculty Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (1974, 1982-2000)","Graduate Studies Directories, University of Virginia School of Law (1998-2012)","Law School Telephone Directories, University of Virginia (1998-2020)","University of Virginia Telephone Directories (2002-2014)","Online Faculty, Staff, and Department Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2003-2026)","Photograph Directories of the University of Virginia School of Law (2010-2024)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status might vary across the materials. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property that it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Young Men's Christian Association (Alexandria,VA)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":102,"online_item_count_is":9,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1517"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1792.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221482","title_filing_ssi":"Friedman, Herbert, Holocaust materials","title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-2006","1896"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"text":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","This collection is open for research.","Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:48.019Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1792.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221482","title_filing_ssi":"Friedman, Herbert, Holocaust materials","title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials"],"unitdate_ssm":["1924-2006","1896"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1924-2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1896"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1924/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"text":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792","Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)","This collection is open for research.","Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.","Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16906","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1792"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mark Friedman and Ron Friedman to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 3 December 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)","Jews  -- Austria","Kindertransports (Rescue operations)","Jewish children in the Holocaust","Jews  -- Virginia","History of Childhood, Parenting and Family Building (UVA)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 legal size document boxes, and 1 half-width legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1896,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBefore he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert Friedman was born in Vienna on December 11, 1924. He lived with his family in Austria until 1938 when the persecution of Jewish populations in Germany, Austria, and Poland forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna.","Before he departed from Austria, Herbert Friedman was involved in the rescue of a woman who was drowning in the Danube Canal. Herbert, then 13 years old, and his friend Ernst Fleischer, then 15, garnered media attention in Jewish newspapers. Months later, Vienna fell to German occupation. Herbert's friend, Ernst, died in a concentration camp in 1942.","Due to the publicity from saving a woman's life, Herbert secured an appointment with the Rabbi of Austria. The Rabbi named Herbert as one of the one-thousand children slated for the Kultusgemeinde, a negotiation between the Nazis and Austrians for the transportation of children to safer locations. Herbert left on the Kindertransport to England on December 10, 1938. He remained in England for two years, where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe. For these two years he desperately tried to help his mother and younger sister leave Vienna. His father and brother were already in America living in Baltimore, Maryland with relatives. They could barely speak English and were working low paying jobs which did not allow enough money to help the family members escape. They felt despair that his mother and sister might be deported, as other family members had been.","By December 1940, Herbert joined his family in the United States, where they had secured papers the previous year. Herbert attended Forest Park High School in Baltimore, graduating in 1942. He joined the United States Army soon after, serving in the South Pacific until 1945. Herbert attended the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and was recalled to the Army during the Korean War, in which he served as a First Lieutenant."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning Note: This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.\n The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eZur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah\u003c/emph\u003e, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAltneuland The Old New Land\u003c/emph\u003e by Theodor Herzl, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Book of Jewish Thought\u003c/emph\u003e, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePears Enclyclopaedia \u003c/emph\u003e were catalogued separately.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the personal papers of Herbert Friedman  (1924-2006), documenting his survival of the Holocaust from 1938 to 1940 in Vienna, including his two years in England, and his life afterward in the United States Army and as a successful pharmacist in Norfolk, Virginia.","The Holocaust and its memory influenced his life and inspired him to create and share this archive to teach about his experiences and give courage and empathy to others. Friedman's archive primarily chronicles his efforts to get his mother out of Austria, his travel on the Kindertransport to England where he was educated in various schools, the majority of which were bombed out of commission by the German Luftwaffe, and finally in 1940 his immigration to the United States.","The collection came in as two binders of correspondence, family transcriptions, photographs, and notes. The first, labeled \"Volume 1\" contained information about the desperation of living and trying to escape the persecution of Jewish people in Germany, Austria, and Poland, which forced the Friedman family's exit from Vienna. \"Volume 2\" contained the correspondence and documents about Herbert Friedman's immigration to England and America. Volumes 3 and 4 contained photographs and writings, materials related to Herbert's later life in the army and his career as a pharmacist, and then his vocation as a speaker and teacher about living through the Holocaust.","The collection contains biographical pieces written by and about Friedman, correspondence with his friends and family, legal identification (Reisepass), official documents about obtaining affidavits that would allow them to leave Austria for abroad, Palestine, Australia, or America and photographs from his youth and time in the army.","The collection includes Herbert's numbered tag \"325\" that he wore as he fled with the first group of children out of Germany. The correspondence is also the highlight of the collection as the letters from his mother in particular, reveal the fear and urgency with which she needed his help to leave Vienna immediately as she could be deported any minute. The letters are in German, Hebrew, Yiddish,French, and English. Most of the letters are translated into English. All the letters from family and friends begin \"Lieber Herbert\" or Dear Herbert.","There is also information about daily life, Herbert's Barmitzvah before the invasion, and his swim card which allowed him to go swimming one week before the Nazis took over. There are descriptions about standing in lines at the American Embassy and the intimidation of the Nazis (referred to as \"The Black People\") who kicked people out of line or beat them if they did not stand upright, or worse, arrested them and sent them to death camps.","There is also genealogical information, research to find out what happened to family members who died at concentration camps, and a framed article honoring Friedman at thirteen years old and his friend Ernst Fleisher (15 years old) for saving a drowning woman in the river in Austria in 1937. There are also letters from officials in the Austrian Government praising Herbert for this act of bravery, as well as letters apologizing for not recognizing his bravery at the time, and for the terrible time for Austrians during the Nazi reign.","The collection also contains four books, some inscribed by friends and family. The books, Zur Erinnerung an die Barmizwah, Altneuland The Old New Land by Theodor Herzl, A Book of Jewish Thought, and Pears Enclyclopaedia  were catalogued separately."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German\n      Hebrew\n      Yiddish\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":236,"online_item_count_is":224,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:48.019Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1792"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1754#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McGann, Jerome J.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1754#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (MSS 15427) which documents the research for, creation of, and work on the \u003cspan\u003eRossetti Archive\u003c/span\u003e, or \u003cspan\u003eThe Complete Writings and Pictires of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a Hypermedia Archive\u003c/span\u003e, which is included in the \u003cspan\u003eNetworked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship\u003c/span\u003e (NINES) project. The Rossetti Archive was an important early digital humanities project that began in 1993 and was completed in 2008. This project sought to bring together the pictorial, textual, and also contextual writing from the period of the nineteenth-century English poet and artist, Dante Gabriel Rossetti. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1754#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1754.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/213004","title_filing_ssi":"McGann, Jerome Papers","title_ssm":["Jerome McGann Papers"],"title_tesim":["Jerome McGann Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1993 - 2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1993 - 2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008"],"text":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008","MSS 15427","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1754","Digital humanities","literature","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882","good","The collection is open for research use.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives) and born-digital files cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, making them available may take some time.","If you are interested in viewing the digital media in this collection, please fill out this Reference Request form.","https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request","This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers is the first series in this finding aid. It is arranged into three main subseries with the first two further arranged into files.","Subseries 1 is arranged into four files. The first are correspondences that relate to McGann's research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti for the purpose of creating the Rossetti Archive. Many folders within the first file include research notes. These folders are arranged alphabetically by the name of the correspondent (institution or individual).The second file consists of research notes, research documents, and other correspndence relating to McGann's work. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 2 is arranged into four files. The first file includes the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive. The second file contains correspondence among the creators of the Archive, as well as, notes, and other technical information documenting the Archive's development. These files, in large, are arranged in original order. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 3 includes other materials.","The arrangement is as follows:","Series 1 - Rossetti Archives and NINES records addition (ViU-2021-0074)","Subseries 1 - Materials related to research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti:","File 1 - Correspondence and notes documenting research for the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Research notes and documents, and other related correspondents.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 2 - Materials concerning the Rossetti Archive:","File 1 - Schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Correspondence and notes concerning the development of the Rossetti Archive.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 3 - Other materials","Jerome J. McGann (born 1937) is an American literary scholar, textual critic, and one of the foundational figures in the digital humanities. He served as the John Stewart Bryan University Professor at the University of Virginia and has published extensively on Romantic literature, textual theory, and editorial practice. He has edited and authored major contributions to Rossetti studies. McGann's scholarship, especially on Lord Byron and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, has helped redefine the relationship between literary criticism and material textuality.","In 1993, McGann launched The Rossetti Archive, one of the first major digital humanities projects, which aimed at collecting and encoding the complete poetic, artistic, and contextual works of the 19th-century English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The project combined scholarly editing with digital technology to create an online research archive that provided innovative access to Rossetti's texts and images. Completed in 2008, the Archive later became a key part of the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), a pioneering effort to bring scholarly coherence to digital resources related to nineteenth-century studies, which McGann also helped conceptualize.","The Rossetti Archive was hosted and developed through, and is sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities (IATH) at the University of Virginia. Founded in 1992, IATH is a research center dedicated to exploring and developing digital tools and procedures for humanities scholarships. It provides scholars with technical, editorial, and design support to develop long-term digital research projects that push the boundaries of scholarly communication. Under IATH's sponsorship, the Rossetti Archive benefited from interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars, developers, and digital librarians.","McGann's project involved a number of key collaborators, including Maura M. Tarnoff, Craig Warren, Cory Korkow, Bethany Nowviskie, William J. Hughes, and Melissa White. Programmer/analysts such as Robbie Bingler and Stephen Ramsay provided the technical backbone, while consultants like Daniel Pitti and John Unsworth offered critical infrastructure support. Their collective work ensured the Rossetti Archive met both rigorous scholarly standards and emerging digital accessibility goals.","Reference list:","IATH (Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities). (2024). About IATH. University of Virginia. https://www.iath.virginia.edu/","McGann, J. (1991). The textual condition. Princeton University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14163p0","McGann, J. (2001). Radiant textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. Palgrave Macmillan. https://archive.org/details/radianttextualit0000mcga","McGann, J. (2004). Marking texts of many dimensions. In S. Schreibman, R. Siemens, \u0026 J. Unsworth (Eds.), A companion to digital humanities. Blackwell. https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/?chapter=content/9781405103213_foreword.html","Rossetti Archive. (2008). The complete writings and pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A hypermedia research archive (J. J. McGann, Ed.). Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. http://www.rossettiarchive.org/","This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.","This finding aid only describes the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection. Box numbers pick up where the last set left off so that box numbers are not repeated.","Duplicate physical and digital scans were removed and discarded. Some samples of scans remain.","Content from digital cartridges (disks 132-134) was not transferred due to lack of necessary equipment.","All or some of the content from disks 44, 66, 75, 84, 131, 182, 186, 192, 196, 198, and 199 was not transferred due to: inability to mount; password encryption; inability to read specific files.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number: MSS 15401.","This collection contains an addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (MSS 15427) which documents the research for, creation of, and work on the Rossetti Archive, or The Complete Writings and Pictires of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a Hypermedia Archive, which is included in the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES) project. The Rossetti Archive was an important early digital humanities project that began in 1993 and was completed in 2008. This project sought to bring together the pictorial, textual, and also contextual writing from the period of the nineteenth-century English poet and artist, Dante Gabriel Rossetti.","This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (circa 1993–2008), the first series in the finding aid, includes written and digital formats that document the preparation, creation, and development of one of the foundational projects in the digital humanities. Initiated by University of Virginia professor Jerome McGann, in collaboration with colleagues, the Rossetti Archive sought to integrate the pictorial, textual, and contextual works of nineteenth-century English poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The addition includes a variety of printed and handwritten correspondence, research notes, samples of duplications (scans or photocopies) of Rossetti's works, photographic prints, and documentation of the planning and technical aspects of the project. These materials are organized into three subseries: materials relating the McGann's research on Dante Rossetti, materials documenting the creation and maintenance of the Rossetti Archive website, and other materials.","The first subseries includes mainly correspondence and research notes, but also scans, printouts, catalogs, and materials related to copyright and use permissions. The correspondence includes those between McGann and various repositories with Dante Rossetti related holdings, as well as, with individuals that have knowledge of, access to, or are inquiring about Rossetti materials. Many of these letters are accompanied by scans of documents annotated with research notes, notes on loose leaves of paper, photographic prints, and slide samples of Rossetti works. There are also digitized materials and born-digital files documenting McGann's research for the project. Much of these correspondences document McGann's work in preparing to create the archive.","The second subseries includes many of the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive, such as printed xml files, paper scans of Rossetti works labeled with file names, and inventories of digital scans of Rossetti works compiled by McGann. These are accompanied by correspondence between McGann and his collaborators in constructing the digital Archive, in which they discuss the technical aspects of creating the website and organizing the Archive's content. There are also born-digital files in the collection that document the work of creating the Rossetti Archive. Also included in this subseries are correspondence from individuals inquiring about the Archive, and photographic prints.","The third subseries includes materials unrelated to Rossetti and the Archive. These include mainly photographic materials.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities","McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882","English\n      Italian\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15427","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1754"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15427","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1754"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["McGann, Jerome J.","McGann, Jerome J."],"creator_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","McGann, Jerome J."],"creator_persname_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities"],"creators_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Jerome McGann Papers were donated by Jerome McGann December 19, 2020. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on June 24, 2021 (2021-0074)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Digital humanities","literature","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Digital humanities","literature","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":["9 Cubic Feet 9 cubic boxes","1.33 Gigabytes Archival Information Package","106.44464 Gigabytes Digital content removed from the physical carriers (152 CDs, 31 floppy disks, 3 data cartridges)."],"extent_tesim":["9 Cubic Feet 9 cubic boxes","1.33 Gigabytes Archival Information Package","106.44464 Gigabytes Digital content removed from the physical carriers (152 CDs, 31 floppy disks, 3 data cartridges)."],"physfacet_tesim":["Boxes 8 and 9 contain 152 CDs, 31 floppy disks, and 3 data cartridges combined."],"date_range_isim":[1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives) and born-digital files cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, making them available may take some time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf you are interested in viewing the digital media in this collection, please fill out this Reference Request form.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives) and born-digital files cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, making them available may take some time.","If you are interested in viewing the digital media in this collection, please fill out this Reference Request form.","https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Jerome McGann Papers is the first series in this finding aid. It is arranged into three main subseries with the first two further arranged into files.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1 is arranged into four files. The first are correspondences that relate to McGann's research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti for the purpose of creating the Rossetti Archive. Many folders within the first file include research notes. These folders are arranged alphabetically by the name of the correspondent (institution or individual).The second file consists of research notes, research documents, and other correspndence relating to McGann's work. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2 is arranged into four files. The first file includes the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive. The second file contains correspondence among the creators of the Archive, as well as, notes, and other technical information documenting the Archive's development. These files, in large, are arranged in original order. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3 includes other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement is as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSeries 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Rossetti Archives and NINES records addition (ViU-2021-0074)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSubseries 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Materials related to research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Correspondence and notes documenting research for the Rossetti Archive.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 2\u003c/emph\u003e - Research notes and documents, and other related correspondents.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 3\u003c/emph\u003e - Digital files.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 4\u003c/emph\u003e - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSubseries 2\u003c/emph\u003e - Materials concerning the Rossetti Archive:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 2\u003c/emph\u003e - Correspondence and notes concerning the development of the Rossetti Archive.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 3\u003c/emph\u003e - Digital files.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 4\u003c/emph\u003e - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSubseries 3\u003c/emph\u003e - Other materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers is the first series in this finding aid. It is arranged into three main subseries with the first two further arranged into files.","Subseries 1 is arranged into four files. The first are correspondences that relate to McGann's research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti for the purpose of creating the Rossetti Archive. Many folders within the first file include research notes. These folders are arranged alphabetically by the name of the correspondent (institution or individual).The second file consists of research notes, research documents, and other correspndence relating to McGann's work. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 2 is arranged into four files. The first file includes the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive. The second file contains correspondence among the creators of the Archive, as well as, notes, and other technical information documenting the Archive's development. These files, in large, are arranged in original order. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 3 includes other materials.","The arrangement is as follows:","Series 1 - Rossetti Archives and NINES records addition (ViU-2021-0074)","Subseries 1 - Materials related to research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti:","File 1 - Correspondence and notes documenting research for the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Research notes and documents, and other related correspondents.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 2 - Materials concerning the Rossetti Archive:","File 1 - Schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Correspondence and notes concerning the development of the Rossetti Archive.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 3 - Other materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eJerome J. McGann\u003c/persname\u003e (born \u003cdate\u003e1937\u003c/date\u003e) is an American literary \u003coccupation\u003escholar\u003c/occupation\u003e, textual \u003coccupation\u003ecritic\u003c/occupation\u003e, and one of the foundational figures in the digital humanities. He served as the \u003coccupation\u003eJohn Stewart Bryan University Professor\u003c/occupation\u003e at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e and has published extensively on Romantic literature, textual theory, and editorial practice. He has edited and authored major contributions to Rossetti studies. McGann's scholarship, especially on Lord Byron and \u003cpersname\u003eDante Gabriel Rossetti\u003c/persname\u003e, has helped redefine the relationship between literary criticism and material textuality.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cdate\u003e1993\u003c/date\u003e, McGann launched The Rossetti Archive, one of the first major digital humanities projects, which aimed at collecting and encoding the complete poetic, artistic, and contextual works of the 19th-century English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The project combined scholarly editing with digital technology to create an online research archive that provided innovative access to Rossetti's texts and images. Completed in \u003cdate\u003e2008\u003c/date\u003e, the Archive later became a key part of the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), a pioneering effort to bring scholarly coherence to digital resources related to nineteenth-century studies, which McGann also helped conceptualize. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rossetti Archive was hosted and developed through, and is sponsored by the \u003ccorpname\u003eInstitute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities\u003c/corpname\u003e (IATH) at the University of Virginia. Founded in \u003cdate\u003e1992\u003c/date\u003e, IATH is a research center dedicated to exploring and developing digital tools and procedures for humanities scholarships. It provides scholars with technical, editorial, and design support to develop long-term digital research projects that push the boundaries of scholarly communication. Under IATH's sponsorship, the Rossetti Archive benefited from interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars, developers, and digital librarians. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann's project involved a number of key collaborators, including \u003cpersname\u003eMaura M. Tarnoff\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eCraig Warren\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eCory Korkow\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eBethany Nowviskie\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam J. Hughes\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eMelissa White\u003c/persname\u003e. Programmer/analysts such as \u003cpersname\u003eRobbie Bingler\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eStephen Ramsay\u003c/persname\u003e provided the technical backbone, while consultants like \u003cpersname\u003eDaniel Pitti\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Unsworth\u003c/persname\u003e offered critical infrastructure support. Their collective work ensured the Rossetti Archive met both rigorous scholarly standards and emerging digital accessibility goals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReference list:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIATH (Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities). (2024). About IATH. University of Virginia. https://www.iath.virginia.edu/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann, J. (1991). The textual condition. Princeton University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14163p0\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann, J. (2001). Radiant textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. Palgrave Macmillan. https://archive.org/details/radianttextualit0000mcga\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann, J. (2004). Marking texts of many dimensions. In S. Schreibman, R. Siemens, \u0026amp; J. Unsworth (Eds.), A companion to digital humanities. Blackwell. https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/?chapter=content/9781405103213_foreword.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRossetti Archive. (2008). The complete writings and pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A hypermedia research archive (J. J. McGann, Ed.). Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. http://www.rossettiarchive.org/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jerome J. McGann (born 1937) is an American literary scholar, textual critic, and one of the foundational figures in the digital humanities. He served as the John Stewart Bryan University Professor at the University of Virginia and has published extensively on Romantic literature, textual theory, and editorial practice. He has edited and authored major contributions to Rossetti studies. McGann's scholarship, especially on Lord Byron and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, has helped redefine the relationship between literary criticism and material textuality.","In 1993, McGann launched The Rossetti Archive, one of the first major digital humanities projects, which aimed at collecting and encoding the complete poetic, artistic, and contextual works of the 19th-century English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The project combined scholarly editing with digital technology to create an online research archive that provided innovative access to Rossetti's texts and images. Completed in 2008, the Archive later became a key part of the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), a pioneering effort to bring scholarly coherence to digital resources related to nineteenth-century studies, which McGann also helped conceptualize.","The Rossetti Archive was hosted and developed through, and is sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities (IATH) at the University of Virginia. Founded in 1992, IATH is a research center dedicated to exploring and developing digital tools and procedures for humanities scholarships. It provides scholars with technical, editorial, and design support to develop long-term digital research projects that push the boundaries of scholarly communication. Under IATH's sponsorship, the Rossetti Archive benefited from interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars, developers, and digital librarians.","McGann's project involved a number of key collaborators, including Maura M. Tarnoff, Craig Warren, Cory Korkow, Bethany Nowviskie, William J. Hughes, and Melissa White. Programmer/analysts such as Robbie Bingler and Stephen Ramsay provided the technical backbone, while consultants like Daniel Pitti and John Unsworth offered critical infrastructure support. Their collective work ensured the Rossetti Archive met both rigorous scholarly standards and emerging digital accessibility goals.","Reference list:","IATH (Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities). (2024). About IATH. University of Virginia. https://www.iath.virginia.edu/","McGann, J. (1991). The textual condition. Princeton University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14163p0","McGann, J. (2001). Radiant textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. Palgrave Macmillan. https://archive.org/details/radianttextualit0000mcga","McGann, J. (2004). Marking texts of many dimensions. In S. Schreibman, R. Siemens, \u0026 J. Unsworth (Eds.), A companion to digital humanities. Blackwell. https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/?chapter=content/9781405103213_foreword.html","Rossetti Archive. (2008). The complete writings and pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A hypermedia research archive (J. J. McGann, Ed.). Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. http://www.rossettiarchive.org/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15427 Jerome McGann papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15427 Jerome McGann papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid only describes the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection. Box numbers pick up where the last set left off so that box numbers are not repeated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicate physical and digital scans were removed and discarded. Some samples of scans remain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContent from digital cartridges (disks 132-134) was not transferred due to lack of necessary equipment. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll or some of the content from disks 44, 66, 75, 84, 131, 182, 186, 192, 196, 198, and 199 was not transferred due to: inability to mount; password encryption; inability to read specific files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.","This finding aid only describes the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection. Box numbers pick up where the last set left off so that box numbers are not repeated.","Duplicate physical and digital scans were removed and discarded. Some samples of scans remain.","Content from digital cartridges (disks 132-134) was not transferred due to lack of necessary equipment.","All or some of the content from disks 44, 66, 75, 84, 131, 182, 186, 192, 196, 198, and 199 was not transferred due to: inability to mount; password encryption; inability to read specific files."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number: MSS 15401.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number: MSS 15401."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (MSS 15427) which documents the research for, creation of, and work on the \u003ctitle\u003eRossetti Archive\u003c/title\u003e, or \u003ctitle\u003eThe Complete Writings and Pictires of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a Hypermedia Archive\u003c/title\u003e, which is included in the \u003ctitle\u003eNetworked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship\u003c/title\u003e (NINES) project. The Rossetti Archive was an important early digital humanities project that began in 1993 and was completed in 2008. This project sought to bring together the pictorial, textual, and also contextual writing from the period of the nineteenth-century English poet and artist, \u003cpersname\u003eDante Gabriel Rossetti\u003c/persname\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (circa 1993–2008), the first series in the finding aid, includes written and digital formats that document the preparation, creation, and development of one of the foundational projects in the digital humanities. Initiated by \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e professor \u003cpersname\u003eJerome McGann\u003c/persname\u003e, in collaboration with colleagues, the Rossetti Archive sought to integrate the pictorial, textual, and contextual works of nineteenth-century English poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The addition includes a variety of printed and handwritten correspondence, research notes, samples of duplications (scans or photocopies) of Rossetti's works, photographic prints, and documentation of the planning and technical aspects of the project. These materials are organized into three subseries: materials relating the McGann's research on Dante Rossetti, materials documenting the creation and maintenance of the Rossetti Archive website, and other materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subseries includes mainly correspondence and research notes, but also scans, printouts, catalogs, and materials related to copyright and use permissions. The correspondence includes those between McGann and various repositories with Dante Rossetti related holdings, as well as, with individuals that have knowledge of, access to, or are inquiring about Rossetti materials. Many of these letters are accompanied by scans of documents annotated with research notes, notes on loose leaves of paper, photographic prints, and slide samples of Rossetti works. There are also digitized materials and born-digital files documenting McGann's research for the project. Much of these correspondences document McGann's work in preparing to create the archive.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries includes many of the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive, such as printed xml files, paper scans of Rossetti works labeled with file names, and inventories of digital scans of Rossetti works compiled by McGann. These are accompanied by correspondence between McGann and his collaborators in constructing the digital Archive, in which they discuss the technical aspects of creating the website and organizing the Archive's content. There are also born-digital files in the collection that document the work of creating the Rossetti Archive. Also included in this subseries are correspondence from individuals inquiring about the Archive, and photographic prints. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third subseries includes materials unrelated to Rossetti and the Archive. These include mainly photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (MSS 15427) which documents the research for, creation of, and work on the Rossetti Archive, or The Complete Writings and Pictires of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a Hypermedia Archive, which is included in the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES) project. The Rossetti Archive was an important early digital humanities project that began in 1993 and was completed in 2008. This project sought to bring together the pictorial, textual, and also contextual writing from the period of the nineteenth-century English poet and artist, Dante Gabriel Rossetti.","This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (circa 1993–2008), the first series in the finding aid, includes written and digital formats that document the preparation, creation, and development of one of the foundational projects in the digital humanities. Initiated by University of Virginia professor Jerome McGann, in collaboration with colleagues, the Rossetti Archive sought to integrate the pictorial, textual, and contextual works of nineteenth-century English poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The addition includes a variety of printed and handwritten correspondence, research notes, samples of duplications (scans or photocopies) of Rossetti's works, photographic prints, and documentation of the planning and technical aspects of the project. These materials are organized into three subseries: materials relating the McGann's research on Dante Rossetti, materials documenting the creation and maintenance of the Rossetti Archive website, and other materials.","The first subseries includes mainly correspondence and research notes, but also scans, printouts, catalogs, and materials related to copyright and use permissions. The correspondence includes those between McGann and various repositories with Dante Rossetti related holdings, as well as, with individuals that have knowledge of, access to, or are inquiring about Rossetti materials. Many of these letters are accompanied by scans of documents annotated with research notes, notes on loose leaves of paper, photographic prints, and slide samples of Rossetti works. There are also digitized materials and born-digital files documenting McGann's research for the project. Much of these correspondences document McGann's work in preparing to create the archive.","The second subseries includes many of the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive, such as printed xml files, paper scans of Rossetti works labeled with file names, and inventories of digital scans of Rossetti works compiled by McGann. These are accompanied by correspondence between McGann and his collaborators in constructing the digital Archive, in which they discuss the technical aspects of creating the website and organizing the Archive's content. There are also born-digital files in the collection that document the work of creating the Rossetti Archive. Also included in this subseries are correspondence from individuals inquiring about the Archive, and photographic prints.","The third subseries includes materials unrelated to Rossetti and the Archive. These include mainly photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities"],"persname_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"names_coll_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities","McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Italian\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-25T00:02:09.174Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1754","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1754.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/213004","title_filing_ssi":"McGann, Jerome Papers","title_ssm":["Jerome McGann Papers"],"title_tesim":["Jerome McGann Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["Circa 1993 - 2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1993 - 2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008"],"text":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008","MSS 15427","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1754","Digital humanities","literature","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882","good","The collection is open for research use.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives) and born-digital files cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, making them available may take some time.","If you are interested in viewing the digital media in this collection, please fill out this Reference Request form.","https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request","This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers is the first series in this finding aid. It is arranged into three main subseries with the first two further arranged into files.","Subseries 1 is arranged into four files. The first are correspondences that relate to McGann's research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti for the purpose of creating the Rossetti Archive. Many folders within the first file include research notes. These folders are arranged alphabetically by the name of the correspondent (institution or individual).The second file consists of research notes, research documents, and other correspndence relating to McGann's work. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 2 is arranged into four files. The first file includes the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive. The second file contains correspondence among the creators of the Archive, as well as, notes, and other technical information documenting the Archive's development. These files, in large, are arranged in original order. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 3 includes other materials.","The arrangement is as follows:","Series 1 - Rossetti Archives and NINES records addition (ViU-2021-0074)","Subseries 1 - Materials related to research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti:","File 1 - Correspondence and notes documenting research for the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Research notes and documents, and other related correspondents.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 2 - Materials concerning the Rossetti Archive:","File 1 - Schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Correspondence and notes concerning the development of the Rossetti Archive.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 3 - Other materials","Jerome J. McGann (born 1937) is an American literary scholar, textual critic, and one of the foundational figures in the digital humanities. He served as the John Stewart Bryan University Professor at the University of Virginia and has published extensively on Romantic literature, textual theory, and editorial practice. He has edited and authored major contributions to Rossetti studies. McGann's scholarship, especially on Lord Byron and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, has helped redefine the relationship between literary criticism and material textuality.","In 1993, McGann launched The Rossetti Archive, one of the first major digital humanities projects, which aimed at collecting and encoding the complete poetic, artistic, and contextual works of the 19th-century English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The project combined scholarly editing with digital technology to create an online research archive that provided innovative access to Rossetti's texts and images. Completed in 2008, the Archive later became a key part of the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), a pioneering effort to bring scholarly coherence to digital resources related to nineteenth-century studies, which McGann also helped conceptualize.","The Rossetti Archive was hosted and developed through, and is sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities (IATH) at the University of Virginia. Founded in 1992, IATH is a research center dedicated to exploring and developing digital tools and procedures for humanities scholarships. It provides scholars with technical, editorial, and design support to develop long-term digital research projects that push the boundaries of scholarly communication. Under IATH's sponsorship, the Rossetti Archive benefited from interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars, developers, and digital librarians.","McGann's project involved a number of key collaborators, including Maura M. Tarnoff, Craig Warren, Cory Korkow, Bethany Nowviskie, William J. Hughes, and Melissa White. Programmer/analysts such as Robbie Bingler and Stephen Ramsay provided the technical backbone, while consultants like Daniel Pitti and John Unsworth offered critical infrastructure support. Their collective work ensured the Rossetti Archive met both rigorous scholarly standards and emerging digital accessibility goals.","Reference list:","IATH (Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities). (2024). About IATH. University of Virginia. https://www.iath.virginia.edu/","McGann, J. (1991). The textual condition. Princeton University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14163p0","McGann, J. (2001). Radiant textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. Palgrave Macmillan. https://archive.org/details/radianttextualit0000mcga","McGann, J. (2004). Marking texts of many dimensions. In S. Schreibman, R. Siemens, \u0026 J. Unsworth (Eds.), A companion to digital humanities. Blackwell. https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/?chapter=content/9781405103213_foreword.html","Rossetti Archive. (2008). The complete writings and pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A hypermedia research archive (J. J. McGann, Ed.). Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. http://www.rossettiarchive.org/","This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.","This finding aid only describes the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection. Box numbers pick up where the last set left off so that box numbers are not repeated.","Duplicate physical and digital scans were removed and discarded. Some samples of scans remain.","Content from digital cartridges (disks 132-134) was not transferred due to lack of necessary equipment.","All or some of the content from disks 44, 66, 75, 84, 131, 182, 186, 192, 196, 198, and 199 was not transferred due to: inability to mount; password encryption; inability to read specific files.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number: MSS 15401.","This collection contains an addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (MSS 15427) which documents the research for, creation of, and work on the Rossetti Archive, or The Complete Writings and Pictires of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a Hypermedia Archive, which is included in the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES) project. The Rossetti Archive was an important early digital humanities project that began in 1993 and was completed in 2008. This project sought to bring together the pictorial, textual, and also contextual writing from the period of the nineteenth-century English poet and artist, Dante Gabriel Rossetti.","This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (circa 1993–2008), the first series in the finding aid, includes written and digital formats that document the preparation, creation, and development of one of the foundational projects in the digital humanities. Initiated by University of Virginia professor Jerome McGann, in collaboration with colleagues, the Rossetti Archive sought to integrate the pictorial, textual, and contextual works of nineteenth-century English poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The addition includes a variety of printed and handwritten correspondence, research notes, samples of duplications (scans or photocopies) of Rossetti's works, photographic prints, and documentation of the planning and technical aspects of the project. These materials are organized into three subseries: materials relating the McGann's research on Dante Rossetti, materials documenting the creation and maintenance of the Rossetti Archive website, and other materials.","The first subseries includes mainly correspondence and research notes, but also scans, printouts, catalogs, and materials related to copyright and use permissions. The correspondence includes those between McGann and various repositories with Dante Rossetti related holdings, as well as, with individuals that have knowledge of, access to, or are inquiring about Rossetti materials. Many of these letters are accompanied by scans of documents annotated with research notes, notes on loose leaves of paper, photographic prints, and slide samples of Rossetti works. There are also digitized materials and born-digital files documenting McGann's research for the project. Much of these correspondences document McGann's work in preparing to create the archive.","The second subseries includes many of the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive, such as printed xml files, paper scans of Rossetti works labeled with file names, and inventories of digital scans of Rossetti works compiled by McGann. These are accompanied by correspondence between McGann and his collaborators in constructing the digital Archive, in which they discuss the technical aspects of creating the website and organizing the Archive's content. There are also born-digital files in the collection that document the work of creating the Rossetti Archive. Also included in this subseries are correspondence from individuals inquiring about the Archive, and photographic prints.","The third subseries includes materials unrelated to Rossetti and the Archive. These include mainly photographic materials.","This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities","McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882","English\n      Italian\n      French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 15427","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1754"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 15427","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1754"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["McGann, Jerome J.","McGann, Jerome J."],"creator_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","McGann, Jerome J."],"creator_persname_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities"],"creators_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Jerome McGann Papers were donated by Jerome McGann December 19, 2020. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on June 24, 2021 (2021-0074)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Digital humanities","literature","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Digital humanities","literature","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":["9 Cubic Feet 9 cubic boxes","1.33 Gigabytes Archival Information Package","106.44464 Gigabytes Digital content removed from the physical carriers (152 CDs, 31 floppy disks, 3 data cartridges)."],"extent_tesim":["9 Cubic Feet 9 cubic boxes","1.33 Gigabytes Archival Information Package","106.44464 Gigabytes Digital content removed from the physical carriers (152 CDs, 31 floppy disks, 3 data cartridges)."],"physfacet_tesim":["Boxes 8 and 9 contain 152 CDs, 31 floppy disks, and 3 data cartridges combined."],"date_range_isim":[1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives) and born-digital files cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, making them available may take some time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf you are interested in viewing the digital media in this collection, please fill out this Reference Request form.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref\u003ehttps://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use.","Original digital media (floppy disks, zip disks, thumb drives) and born-digital files cannot be handled directly by patrons. Please contact Special Collections via our online Reference Request form, https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request, to request access to these materials. Please be aware that additional actions may be required to make these items available. Items will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis before access can be made. Depending on the request size, making them available may take some time.","If you are interested in viewing the digital media in this collection, please fill out this Reference Request form.","https://small.library.virginia.edu/services/reference-request"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Jerome McGann Papers is the first series in this finding aid. It is arranged into three main subseries with the first two further arranged into files.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 1 is arranged into four files. The first are correspondences that relate to McGann's research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti for the purpose of creating the Rossetti Archive. Many folders within the first file include research notes. These folders are arranged alphabetically by the name of the correspondent (institution or individual).The second file consists of research notes, research documents, and other correspndence relating to McGann's work. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 2 is arranged into four files. The first file includes the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive. The second file contains correspondence among the creators of the Archive, as well as, notes, and other technical information documenting the Archive's development. These files, in large, are arranged in original order. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubseries 3 includes other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement is as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSeries 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Rossetti Archives and NINES records addition (ViU-2021-0074)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSubseries 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Materials related to research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Correspondence and notes documenting research for the Rossetti Archive.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 2\u003c/emph\u003e - Research notes and documents, and other related correspondents.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 3\u003c/emph\u003e - Digital files.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 4\u003c/emph\u003e - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSubseries 2\u003c/emph\u003e - Materials concerning the Rossetti Archive:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 1\u003c/emph\u003e - Schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 2\u003c/emph\u003e - Correspondence and notes concerning the development of the Rossetti Archive.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 3\u003c/emph\u003e - Digital files.\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\t\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFile 4\u003c/emph\u003e - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSubseries 3\u003c/emph\u003e - Other materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers is the first series in this finding aid. It is arranged into three main subseries with the first two further arranged into files.","Subseries 1 is arranged into four files. The first are correspondences that relate to McGann's research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti for the purpose of creating the Rossetti Archive. Many folders within the first file include research notes. These folders are arranged alphabetically by the name of the correspondent (institution or individual).The second file consists of research notes, research documents, and other correspndence relating to McGann's work. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 2 is arranged into four files. The first file includes the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive. The second file contains correspondence among the creators of the Archive, as well as, notes, and other technical information documenting the Archive's development. These files, in large, are arranged in original order. Files 3 and four are the digital files and their physical carriers respectively.","Subseries 3 includes other materials.","The arrangement is as follows:","Series 1 - Rossetti Archives and NINES records addition (ViU-2021-0074)","Subseries 1 - Materials related to research on Dante Gabriel Rossetti:","File 1 - Correspondence and notes documenting research for the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Research notes and documents, and other related correspondents.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 2 - Materials concerning the Rossetti Archive:","File 1 - Schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive.","File 2 - Correspondence and notes concerning the development of the Rossetti Archive.","File 3 - Digital files.","File 4 - Physical carriers [RESTRICTED].","Subseries 3 - Other materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eJerome J. McGann\u003c/persname\u003e (born \u003cdate\u003e1937\u003c/date\u003e) is an American literary \u003coccupation\u003escholar\u003c/occupation\u003e, textual \u003coccupation\u003ecritic\u003c/occupation\u003e, and one of the foundational figures in the digital humanities. He served as the \u003coccupation\u003eJohn Stewart Bryan University Professor\u003c/occupation\u003e at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e and has published extensively on Romantic literature, textual theory, and editorial practice. He has edited and authored major contributions to Rossetti studies. McGann's scholarship, especially on Lord Byron and \u003cpersname\u003eDante Gabriel Rossetti\u003c/persname\u003e, has helped redefine the relationship between literary criticism and material textuality.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cdate\u003e1993\u003c/date\u003e, McGann launched The Rossetti Archive, one of the first major digital humanities projects, which aimed at collecting and encoding the complete poetic, artistic, and contextual works of the 19th-century English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The project combined scholarly editing with digital technology to create an online research archive that provided innovative access to Rossetti's texts and images. Completed in \u003cdate\u003e2008\u003c/date\u003e, the Archive later became a key part of the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), a pioneering effort to bring scholarly coherence to digital resources related to nineteenth-century studies, which McGann also helped conceptualize. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rossetti Archive was hosted and developed through, and is sponsored by the \u003ccorpname\u003eInstitute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities\u003c/corpname\u003e (IATH) at the University of Virginia. Founded in \u003cdate\u003e1992\u003c/date\u003e, IATH is a research center dedicated to exploring and developing digital tools and procedures for humanities scholarships. It provides scholars with technical, editorial, and design support to develop long-term digital research projects that push the boundaries of scholarly communication. Under IATH's sponsorship, the Rossetti Archive benefited from interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars, developers, and digital librarians. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann's project involved a number of key collaborators, including \u003cpersname\u003eMaura M. Tarnoff\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eCraig Warren\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eCory Korkow\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eBethany Nowviskie\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam J. Hughes\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cpersname\u003eMelissa White\u003c/persname\u003e. Programmer/analysts such as \u003cpersname\u003eRobbie Bingler\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eStephen Ramsay\u003c/persname\u003e provided the technical backbone, while consultants like \u003cpersname\u003eDaniel Pitti\u003c/persname\u003e and \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Unsworth\u003c/persname\u003e offered critical infrastructure support. Their collective work ensured the Rossetti Archive met both rigorous scholarly standards and emerging digital accessibility goals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReference list:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIATH (Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities). (2024). About IATH. University of Virginia. https://www.iath.virginia.edu/\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann, J. (1991). The textual condition. Princeton University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14163p0\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann, J. (2001). Radiant textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. Palgrave Macmillan. https://archive.org/details/radianttextualit0000mcga\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcGann, J. (2004). Marking texts of many dimensions. In S. Schreibman, R. Siemens, \u0026amp; J. Unsworth (Eds.), A companion to digital humanities. Blackwell. https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/?chapter=content/9781405103213_foreword.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRossetti Archive. (2008). The complete writings and pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A hypermedia research archive (J. J. McGann, Ed.). Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. http://www.rossettiarchive.org/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Jerome J. McGann (born 1937) is an American literary scholar, textual critic, and one of the foundational figures in the digital humanities. He served as the John Stewart Bryan University Professor at the University of Virginia and has published extensively on Romantic literature, textual theory, and editorial practice. He has edited and authored major contributions to Rossetti studies. McGann's scholarship, especially on Lord Byron and Dante Gabriel Rossetti, has helped redefine the relationship between literary criticism and material textuality.","In 1993, McGann launched The Rossetti Archive, one of the first major digital humanities projects, which aimed at collecting and encoding the complete poetic, artistic, and contextual works of the 19th-century English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The project combined scholarly editing with digital technology to create an online research archive that provided innovative access to Rossetti's texts and images. Completed in 2008, the Archive later became a key part of the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES), a pioneering effort to bring scholarly coherence to digital resources related to nineteenth-century studies, which McGann also helped conceptualize.","The Rossetti Archive was hosted and developed through, and is sponsored by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities (IATH) at the University of Virginia. Founded in 1992, IATH is a research center dedicated to exploring and developing digital tools and procedures for humanities scholarships. It provides scholars with technical, editorial, and design support to develop long-term digital research projects that push the boundaries of scholarly communication. Under IATH's sponsorship, the Rossetti Archive benefited from interdisciplinary collaboration between scholars, developers, and digital librarians.","McGann's project involved a number of key collaborators, including Maura M. Tarnoff, Craig Warren, Cory Korkow, Bethany Nowviskie, William J. Hughes, and Melissa White. Programmer/analysts such as Robbie Bingler and Stephen Ramsay provided the technical backbone, while consultants like Daniel Pitti and John Unsworth offered critical infrastructure support. Their collective work ensured the Rossetti Archive met both rigorous scholarly standards and emerging digital accessibility goals.","Reference list:","IATH (Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities). (2024). About IATH. University of Virginia. https://www.iath.virginia.edu/","McGann, J. (1991). The textual condition. Princeton University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv14163p0","McGann, J. (2001). Radiant textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web. Palgrave Macmillan. https://archive.org/details/radianttextualit0000mcga","McGann, J. (2004). Marking texts of many dimensions. In S. Schreibman, R. Siemens, \u0026 J. Unsworth (Eds.), A companion to digital humanities. Blackwell. https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/?chapter=content/9781405103213_foreword.html","Rossetti Archive. (2008). The complete writings and pictures of Dante Gabriel Rossetti: A hypermedia research archive (J. J. McGann, Ed.). Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities. http://www.rossettiarchive.org/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 15427 Jerome McGann papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 15427 Jerome McGann papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis finding aid only describes the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection. Box numbers pick up where the last set left off so that box numbers are not repeated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicate physical and digital scans were removed and discarded. Some samples of scans remain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContent from digital cartridges (disks 132-134) was not transferred due to lack of necessary equipment. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll or some of the content from disks 44, 66, 75, 84, 131, 182, 186, 192, 196, 198, and 199 was not transferred due to: inability to mount; password encryption; inability to read specific files.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This finding aid was created for creating access to recent and future additions.","This finding aid only describes the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection. Box numbers pick up where the last set left off so that box numbers are not repeated.","Duplicate physical and digital scans were removed and discarded. Some samples of scans remain.","Content from digital cartridges (disks 132-134) was not transferred due to lack of necessary equipment.","All or some of the content from disks 44, 66, 75, 84, 131, 182, 186, 192, 196, 198, and 199 was not transferred due to: inability to mount; password encryption; inability to read specific files."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number: MSS 15401.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number: MSS 15401."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (MSS 15427) which documents the research for, creation of, and work on the \u003ctitle\u003eRossetti Archive\u003c/title\u003e, or \u003ctitle\u003eThe Complete Writings and Pictires of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a Hypermedia Archive\u003c/title\u003e, which is included in the \u003ctitle\u003eNetworked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship\u003c/title\u003e (NINES) project. The Rossetti Archive was an important early digital humanities project that began in 1993 and was completed in 2008. This project sought to bring together the pictorial, textual, and also contextual writing from the period of the nineteenth-century English poet and artist, \u003cpersname\u003eDante Gabriel Rossetti\u003c/persname\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (circa 1993–2008), the first series in the finding aid, includes written and digital formats that document the preparation, creation, and development of one of the foundational projects in the digital humanities. Initiated by \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e professor \u003cpersname\u003eJerome McGann\u003c/persname\u003e, in collaboration with colleagues, the Rossetti Archive sought to integrate the pictorial, textual, and contextual works of nineteenth-century English poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The addition includes a variety of printed and handwritten correspondence, research notes, samples of duplications (scans or photocopies) of Rossetti's works, photographic prints, and documentation of the planning and technical aspects of the project. These materials are organized into three subseries: materials relating the McGann's research on Dante Rossetti, materials documenting the creation and maintenance of the Rossetti Archive website, and other materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subseries includes mainly correspondence and research notes, but also scans, printouts, catalogs, and materials related to copyright and use permissions. The correspondence includes those between McGann and various repositories with Dante Rossetti related holdings, as well as, with individuals that have knowledge of, access to, or are inquiring about Rossetti materials. Many of these letters are accompanied by scans of documents annotated with research notes, notes on loose leaves of paper, photographic prints, and slide samples of Rossetti works. There are also digitized materials and born-digital files documenting McGann's research for the project. Much of these correspondences document McGann's work in preparing to create the archive.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second subseries includes many of the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive, such as printed xml files, paper scans of Rossetti works labeled with file names, and inventories of digital scans of Rossetti works compiled by McGann. These are accompanied by correspondence between McGann and his collaborators in constructing the digital Archive, in which they discuss the technical aspects of creating the website and organizing the Archive's content. There are also born-digital files in the collection that document the work of creating the Rossetti Archive. Also included in this subseries are correspondence from individuals inquiring about the Archive, and photographic prints. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third subseries includes materials unrelated to Rossetti and the Archive. These include mainly photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (MSS 15427) which documents the research for, creation of, and work on the Rossetti Archive, or The Complete Writings and Pictires of Dante Gabriel Rossetti, a Hypermedia Archive, which is included in the Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-century Electronic Scholarship (NINES) project. The Rossetti Archive was an important early digital humanities project that began in 1993 and was completed in 2008. This project sought to bring together the pictorial, textual, and also contextual writing from the period of the nineteenth-century English poet and artist, Dante Gabriel Rossetti.","This addition to the Jerome McGann Papers (circa 1993–2008), the first series in the finding aid, includes written and digital formats that document the preparation, creation, and development of one of the foundational projects in the digital humanities. Initiated by University of Virginia professor Jerome McGann, in collaboration with colleagues, the Rossetti Archive sought to integrate the pictorial, textual, and contextual works of nineteenth-century English poet and artist Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The addition includes a variety of printed and handwritten correspondence, research notes, samples of duplications (scans or photocopies) of Rossetti's works, photographic prints, and documentation of the planning and technical aspects of the project. These materials are organized into three subseries: materials relating the McGann's research on Dante Rossetti, materials documenting the creation and maintenance of the Rossetti Archive website, and other materials.","The first subseries includes mainly correspondence and research notes, but also scans, printouts, catalogs, and materials related to copyright and use permissions. The correspondence includes those between McGann and various repositories with Dante Rossetti related holdings, as well as, with individuals that have knowledge of, access to, or are inquiring about Rossetti materials. Many of these letters are accompanied by scans of documents annotated with research notes, notes on loose leaves of paper, photographic prints, and slide samples of Rossetti works. There are also digitized materials and born-digital files documenting McGann's research for the project. Much of these correspondences document McGann's work in preparing to create the archive.","The second subseries includes many of the schematics and plans for developing the Rossetti Archive, such as printed xml files, paper scans of Rossetti works labeled with file names, and inventories of digital scans of Rossetti works compiled by McGann. These are accompanied by correspondence between McGann and his collaborators in constructing the digital Archive, in which they discuss the technical aspects of creating the website and organizing the Archive's content. There are also born-digital files in the collection that document the work of creating the Rossetti Archive. Also included in this subseries are correspondence from individuals inquiring about the Archive, and photographic prints.","The third subseries includes materials unrelated to Rossetti and the Archive. These include mainly photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection contains some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities"],"persname_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"names_coll_ssim":["McGann, Jerome J.","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","University of Virginia","Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities","McGann, Jerome J.","Dante Gabriel Rossetti","Jerome McGann","Jerome J. McGann","Maura M. Tarnoff","Craig Warren","Cory Korkow","Bethany Nowviskie","William J. Hughes","Melissa White","Robbie Bingler","Stephen Ramsay","Daniel Pitti","John Unsworth","Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Italian\n      French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-25T00:02:09.174Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1754"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"University of Virginia. School of Law","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_915.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/165355","title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018"],"text":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018","RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915","Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching","The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.","The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online.","Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.","This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["RG-32-401 contains examinations from different sources.","The items in Series I came to the Library from various sources including donations, purchases, and internal transfers. Most of them were at one time stored in a \"memorabilia file drawer\" or the Law Library's front circulation office.","Series II consists of bound examinations that the Law Library transferred from its reserve collection to its special collections department around 2018.","Series III consists of digital examinations that the Law Library transferred from an online environment to its special collections department around 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI. Unbound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eII. Bound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIII. Examinations hosted online.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1816,"online_item_count_is":111,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:57.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_915","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_915.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/165355","title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law"],"unitdate_ssm":["1890-2018"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1890-2018"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/2018"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018"],"text":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018","RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915","Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching","The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.","The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online.","Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.","This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).","Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018"],"collection_ssim":["Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"unitid_tesim":["RG.32.401","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/915"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_ssim":["University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"access_terms_ssm":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"acqinfo_ssim":["RG-32-401 contains examinations from different sources.","The items in Series I came to the Library from various sources including donations, purchases, and internal transfers. Most of them were at one time stored in a \"memorabilia file drawer\" or the Law Library's front circulation office.","Series II consists of bound examinations that the Law Library transferred from its reserve collection to its special collections department around 2018.","Series III consists of digital examinations that the Law Library transferred from an online environment to its special collections department around 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law  -- Examinations, questions, etc.","Law  -- Study and teaching"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Cubic Feet 1 archival box","47 Volumes",".096 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The conditions governing access vary across the collection. There are no restrictions on access to the examinations of deceased professors. However, access to the examinations of living professors is restricted. Researchers must first obtain written permission from living professors to view them. After a researcher presents written permission to the University of Virginia Law Library, the Library may allow them to view the examination in the special collections reading room. Researchers may take written notes, but the Library prohibits photography or scanning. Researchers may not borrow examinations or view them outside of the special collections reading room.","A few living professors have waived the requirement for written permission. Waivers are recorded in a conditions governing access note attached to the examination records in this finding aid."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI. Unbound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eII. Bound examinations;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIII. Examinations hosted online.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Law Library arranged this collection into the following three series and ordered them chronologically:","I. Unbound examinations;","II. Bound examinations;","III. Examinations hosted online."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers will find more examples of University of Virginia School of Law examinations in the following publications:","1. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.). Law Examinations. Revised and corrected ed. Anderson Bros, 1891.","2. Anderson Bros. (Charlottesville, Va.), and Thomas Randolph Keith. Law Examinations, Embracing, Examination Papers From the Year 1869 to 1894. 4th ed. Anderson Bros, 1894."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of examinations that the University of Virginia Law School administered to students between 1890 and 2018. It also includes a few examples of examination answers.","The examinations exist in diverse media formats. Most of them are printed on paper, and most printed examinations are bound together into volumes. The other examinations were born digital and were initially made available to students online or on digital media (e.g., CDs, DVDs)."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBecause of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Because of the nature of this collection, copyright status varies across the examinations. Copyright is assumed to be held by the original creator of individual items; these items are expected to pass into the public domain 120 years after their creation. The University may grant permission to publish or reproduce intellectual property it owns in the name of The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1816,"online_item_count_is":111,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:57.047Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_915"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Roth, Loren H.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_1347","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_1347.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/169336","title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers"],"title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1950-2022","1974-2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950-2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1974-2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"text":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347","Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union","Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.","While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.","Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.","This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.","The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","English\n      Russian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"collection_ssim":["Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2021.01","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/1347"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"acqinfo_ssim":["In March 2023, Dr. Loren Henry Roth donated all of the materials in this collection to the University of Virginia Law Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Psychiatry -- Soviet Union","Political prisoners -- Soviet Union","Dissenters -- Soviet Union"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"extent_tesim":["12.75 Cubic Feet 25 boxes","138.5775 Gigabytes"],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers may only access and view the materials in this collection onsite and in-person at the University of Virginia Law Library in Charlottesville, Virginia. The following additional restrictions apply to any materials that contain the names of the interviewees of the 1989 U.S. State Department psychiatric investigative mission to the Soviet Union and/or 1991 ad hoc mission to the Soviet Union by the World Psychiatric Association:","1. To obtain access to these records, interested researchers must sign a form to agree not to use, document, or disclose names of the patients or their families, or other identifying information about these persons and to abide by all the provisions specified in the present document. The form is available on site from the responsible official of the UVA Law Library.","2. These materials may not be copied, photographed, or otherwise reproduced digitally.","3. Before accessing the requested materials, interested researchers must agree to abide by reasonable administrative, technical, and physical safeguards, as approved by the UVA Law Library, to prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of the information. These procedures shall be followed by all persons associated with the applicant's research project.","4. Records in this category are also subject to the following safeguards: (i) Any information that would permit the identification of an individual (names, biographical data, etc.) may not be used, documented, or made public by the researcher, nor will any attempt to contact them be made. However, this does not preclude the researcher from contacting a person in advance of gaining access, for the purpose of obtaining access.  (ii) If a researcher obtains written authorization for access from an interviewee or from his/her legal guardian, the records may be made available to that researcher. (iii) Interviewees themselves may have free access to their own health information if contained in this collection.","5. If the University of Virginia Law Library discovers that a researcher has violated the confidentiality of information or the conditions of access, the Law Library shall take steps to revoke the research privileges of the researcher and shall consult with University of Virginia legal counsel to prevent further disclosure of the health information.","Finally, different access restrictions may apply to some of the items in  this collection. Whenever possible, archivists have made a note of these restrictions in other parts of the finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. Id, pages xix and xx\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIn 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History of the Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists in the U.S.S.R.","History of the 1989 U.S. State Department Investigative Mission to the U.S.S.R.","History of the 2021-2022 Oral History Project"],"bioghist_tesim":["While it is understood that the misuse of psychiatry for non-medical reasons allegedly started in the U.S.S.R. after the October Revolution of 1917, its widespread and systematic use as a tool to silence political dissent became well-documented during Khrushchev's era. In a 1959 speech attributed to Khrushchev, he allegedly attempted to justify putting dissidents in psychiatric hospitals by saying that only a mentally ill person may be opposed to Communism (1). While there also were \"political\" parts of the R.S.F.S.R. Criminal Code that criminalized anti-Soviet agitation and slander of the Soviet state, psychiatry was often used to isolate dissidents, punish them with psychiatric drugs, discredit their ideas, and avoid criminal law procedures.","The \"Sluggish schizophrenia\" concept developed by academician Snezhnevsky had overly broad diagnostic criteria that allowed the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients who showed no symptoms, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later (2). In almost every case, dissidents were examined at the Serbsky Central Research Institute for Forensic Psychiatry.\nInformation about Soviet repressive psychiatry became well-known in the West after 1971 dissident Vladimir Bukovsky smuggled over 150 pages documenting the political abuse of psychiatric institutions in the Soviet Union into the West. The papers were studied by independent psychiatrists in several countries and released to the press (3). \"Bukovsky's papers\" galvanized human rights activists worldwide and those within the Soviet Union.","While the attempt to bring the matter to the official agenda of the World Psychiatric Association (W.P.A.) at their 1971 World Congress in Mexico was unsuccessful, it kept gaining more and more outcry worldwide. So, in 1977, the W.P.A. adopted the Hawaii Declaration – a milestone defining principles of good and ethical medical practice. The All-Union Society of Psychiatrists and Narcologists, the official Soviet professional organization, was bound to withdraw from the W.P.A. at its next Congress in 1983—the allegations of the political abuse of psychiatry inflicted irretrievable damage on the prestige of Soviet medicine.","In 1975, the Soviet Union, the United States, and other countries signed the Helsinki Accords - the key document of the Conference of Security and Cooperation in Europe (C.S.C.E.). The Accords signaled a détente between the East and the West and built the foundation for the end of the Cold War, the U.S.-Soviet disarmament talks, and the \"third basket\" on human rights and freedoms in the Soviet Union.","Mikhail Gorbachev, who became the head of the Soviet Communist Party in 1985, prioritized the improvement of U.S.-Soviet relations. Also, Gorbachev launched the domestic \"perestroika\" (restructuring) and \"glasnost\" (openness) initiatives. These combined foreign and domestic policy developments fostered interest, internally and externally, in the plight of Soviet political prisoners. The Soviet Union released many political prisoners from labor camps, and in April 1987, Secretary Schultz and Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Shevardnadze agreed on a human rights dialog (4). As part of this broader dialog, in September 1987, the Soviet representatives began to try to assure their American counterparts that the abuse of psychiatry had ended (5).","Notes:","1. Khrushchev had said this in a speech published in the state newspaper Pravda on 24 May 1959: A crime is a deviation from generally recognized standards of behaviour frequently caused by mental disorder. Can there be diseases, nervous disorders among certain people in a Communist society? Evidently yes. If that is so, then there will also be offences, which are characteristic of people with abnormal minds. Of those who might start calling for opposition to Communism on this basis, we can say that clearly their mental state is not normal.\nKnapp, Martin, et al. Mental Health Policy and Practice Across Europe: The Future Direction of Mental Health Care, McGraw-Hill Education, 2006. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uva/detail.action?docID=316293.","2. Sfera, Adonis. Can psychiatry be misused again?. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9 September 2013;(4):101. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00101. PMID 24058348.","3. For more information, see Reddaway, Peter (12 March 1971). \"Plea to West on Soviet 'mad-house' jails\". The Times. p. 8.; Bloch, Sidney; Reddaway, Peter (1984). Soviet Psychiatric Abuse. The Shadow Over World Psychiatry. London: Gollancz.","4. Schifter-Adamishin book, timeline, page xix","5. Id, pages xix and xx","During the late 1980s, U.S.-Soviet discussions about the abuse of psychiatry led to the formation of a special U.S. delegation to the Soviet Union. In February 1989, the U.S.S.R. allowed the delegation to independently assess 27 Soviet citizens believed to have been psychiatrically committed for non-medical reasons. The U.S.S.R. also allowed the delegation to inspect ordinary psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals known as \"psychoprisons.\" The U.S. delegation's psychiatric leader was Dr. Loren Roth of the University of Pittsburgh. The U.S. State Department organized the trip, closely cooperating with the American Psychiatric Association and the National Institute of Mental Health. Their Soviet counterparts were the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Soviet Ministry of Health and the conservative leadership of Soviet psychiatry, both believed to have been deeply involved in abuse, internally opposed the visit. However, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs overcame this opposition, and their support was critical to the U.S. delegation's success.","The U.S. delegation consisted of leading experts in psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, forensic psychology, law, and Sovietology. Also, it included a representative of the American Psychological Association (A.P.A.), and émigré Soviet psychiatrists living in the United States.","From April 1988 onward, Dr. Loren Roth engaged in extensive negotiations with his Soviet counterparts on the details of the visit. They discussed the list of people (\"patients\") to be assessed by the delegation and the processes for obtaining their consent. There were difficult negotiations over the presence of Soviet psychiatrists during the examinations, and the need to protect the interviewees from potential intimidation and retaliation.","The U.S. delegation advocated for and adopted critical precautions to ensure the transparency of the mission and its findings. They used scientifically developed structural psychiatric interview schedules, brought U.S. interpreters to assist the delegation, avoided sharing the cost of the trip with the Soviet side, collected urine samples to rule out overmedication, videotaped the interviews, and spoke with friends/relatives of those interviewed.","Although there was a significant risk that the Soviet Union would cancel the delegation's visit, it occurred between February and March, 1989. The American team evaluated 27 Soviet citizens and inspected special psychiatric hospitals in Kazan and Chernyakhovsk as well as ordinary psychiatric hospitals in Vilnius and Kaunas.","Among those interviewed by the U.S. team were people still hospitalized, and those who had been previously discharged. The American team was greatly assisted by Mr. Aleksandr \"Sasha\" Podrabinek, the Soviet and, subsequently, Russian dissident. He was an expert on the issue of abuse of psychiatry and author of the 1979 book \"Punitive Medicine\" (see references). Mr. Podrabinek facilitated access to those who had been previously released and claimed to be unavailable by Soviet counterparts.","The U.S. team detailed their conclusions in their final report, \"Assessment of Recent Changes in Soviet Psychiatry\" (available in this collection), which researchers are encouraged to read. The Soviet Union responded officially with its own report.","The 1989 visit laid a foundation for subsequent collaboration between the two countries in the area of mental health. The U.S.-Russia Health Committee met from 1994 to 2000 as a part of a larger Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission. It focused, in particular, on mental health care during disasters and the primary care physician's role in caring for patients with depression.","Shortly after the American mission was over, the W.P.A. congress in Athens decided to provisionally readmit the Soviet All-Union Society after receiving an official, although somewhat vague, admission of the past wrongdoings (covered in detail in On Dissidents and Madness by Robert van Voren). In 1991, the W.P.A. undertook an ad hoc psychiatric inspection of the Soviet Union that Dr. Jim Birley headed. Dr. Loren Roth and other experts who served on the 1989 U.S. State Department mission joined this inspection.","In 1990, a delegation of Soviet psychiatrists and politicians visited the United States for an educational trip to American psychiatric services and scholarly dialogues.","Researchers are encouraged to read the resources listed below to gain a better understanding of the historical events surrounding the 1989 delegation:","- the Schizophrenia Bulletin (supplement to Vol 15, # 4, 1989), which contains the brief overview of the reasons, methodology, and findings of the American team in the U.S., the final report of the U.S. delegation both in English and Russian, as well as the Soviet response in both languages (Hyperlink1)\n- The New York Times article \"Accord Is Sought by U.S. And Soviet on Mental Wards\" of May 22, 1988\n- The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Volume 49, Number 4, 2021 \"Jonas Rappeport: A Direct, Accomplished AAPL Leader\" by Dr. Loren Roth\n- Report by the World Psychiatric Association Team on the Visit to the Soviet Union, 9-29 June 1991, headed by Dr. Jim Burley\n- Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War co-authored by Anatoly Adamishin and Richard Schifter in 2009","In 2021, three decades after the 1989 trip to assess the conditions of Soviet citizens confined in psychiatric hospitals for political reasons, an oral history project was initiated to document it. Loren H. Roth, Ellen Mercer, and Richard Bonnie, three members of the delegation, had always wanted to evaluate if the mission had had any lasting impact on the lives of the people interviewed and on the quality and ethical integrity of psychiatric care in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The oral history project began in conjunction with the donation of Loren Roth's papers to the University of Virginia School of Law Library. Olena Protsenko, a Ukrainian human rights lawyer, organized Roth's papers and began researching related collections. Richard Bonnie's papers and Saleem Shah's files on the abuse of psychiatry, also part of the University of Virginia Law Library manuscript collections, were essential to the project's development."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOlena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Olena Protsenko processed this collection. She was a post-doctoral Research Associate in Psychiatry and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is divided into two series. The first series, \"abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists\", consists of subject files compiled by Dr. Loren Roth, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh. They are evidence of Dr. Roth's efforts to stop the abuse of psychiatry and psychiatrists for political reasons, with an emphasis on the former Soviet Union. The subject files contain correspondence, articles, reports, evaluations, meeting minutes, agendas, planning materials, diaries, photographs, memoranda, handwritten notes, programs, books, videotapes, ephemera, and other items. Together, these materials date from around 1950 to 2008. However the bulk of them date from the 1970s to the 1990s, when Dr. Roth participated in U.S. delegations to the former Soviet Union and was part of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Committees on Human Rights and International Abuse of Psychiatry and Psychiatrists.","The second series consists of materials that were gathered and produced for the \"Retrospective Review of the 1989 U.S. State Department Psychiatric Mission to the U.S.S.R.\" project. These materials include oral history interviews with individuals involved with the 1989 mission, a 1989 recorded interview with a psychiatric patient, project correspondence, biographical files, interview minutes, and an organizational chart. Most of the items in this series date from the time of the project, 2021 to 2022."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Arthur J. Morris Law Library does not grant researchers permission to publish copies of any of the materials in this collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Roth, Loren H.","Bloom, Joseph D.","Borissow, Kyrill","Carpenter, William T.","Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","Hopkins, William H. (William Hugh), 1942-","Keith, Samuel J.","Kleyman, Felix, Dr.","Kovalev, A. A. (Andreĭ Anatolʹevich)","Mercer, Ellen Robertson","Monahan, John (John Thomas), 1946-","Reddaway, Peter (1939)","Regier, Darrel A.","Smith, Carolyn","Stern, Leon"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Russian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":263,"online_item_count_is":18,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:34.507Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_1347"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Mary Washington","value":"University of Mary Washington","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","value":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Museum+of+Fine+Arts"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012","value":"\"Scenes from Behind the Wall: Images of East Germany, 1989/90\" exhibit collection, 1989/2012","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22Scenes+from+Behind+the+Wall%3A+Images+of+East+Germany%2C+1989%2F90%22+exhibit+collection%2C+1989%2F2012\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022","value":"American Rhododendron Society Records, 1927/2022","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=American+Rhododendron+Society+Records%2C+1927%2F2022\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018","value":"Annual Reports (PB-02), 1935/2018","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Annual+Reports+%28PB-02%29%2C+1935%2F2018\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024","value":"Black Law Students Association, Virginia Law Chapter records, 1990/2024","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Black+Law+Students+Association%2C+Virginia+Law+Chapter+records%2C+1990%2F2024\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025","value":"Claude Moore Health Sciences Library records, 1848/2019, bulk 1942/2025","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Claude+Moore+Health+Sciences+Library+records%2C+1848%2F2019%2C+bulk+1942%2F2025\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026","value":"Commencement records - University of Virginia School of Law, 1976/2026","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Commencement+records+-+University+of+Virginia+School+of+Law%2C+1976%2F2026\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026","value":"Directories - University of Virginia School of Law, 1940/2026","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Directories+-+University+of+Virginia+School+of+Law%2C+1940%2F2026\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","value":"Herbert Friedman Holocaust materials, 1924/2006","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Herbert+Friedman+Holocaust+materials%2C+1924%2F2006\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008","value":"Jerome McGann Papers, 1993/2008","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Jerome+McGann+Papers%2C+1993%2F2008\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018","value":"Law examinations - University of Virginia School of Law, 1890/2018","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Law+examinations+-+University+of+Virginia+School+of+Law%2C+1890%2F2018\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","value":"Loren Roth papers, 1950/2022, bulk 1974/2022","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Loren+Roth+papers%2C+1950%2F2022%2C+bulk+1974%2F2022\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1700","value":"1700","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1700\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1701","value":"1701","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1701\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1702","value":"1702","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1702\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1703","value":"1703","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1703\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1704","value":"1704","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1704\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1705","value":"1705","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1705\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1706","value":"1706","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1706\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1707","value":"1707","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1707\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1708","value":"1708","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1708\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1709","value":"1709","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1709\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1710","value":"1710","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1710\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"American Rhododendron Society","value":"American Rhododendron Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=American+Rhododendron+Society\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bloom, Joseph D.","value":"Bloom, Joseph D.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bloom%2C+Joseph+D.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Borissow, Kyrill","value":"Borissow, Kyrill","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Borissow%2C+Kyrill\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Carpenter, William T.","value":"Carpenter, William T.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Carpenter%2C+William+T.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Chichester, Page","value":"Chichester, Page","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Chichester%2C+Page\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Edward G. Sharp","value":"Edward G. Sharp","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Edward+G.+Sharp\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Farmer, James, 1920-1999","value":"Farmer, James, 1920-1999","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Farmer%2C+James%2C+1920-1999\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","value":"Farrand, Robert William, 1934-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Farrand%2C+Robert+William%2C+1934-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","value":"Friedman, Herbert, 1924-2006","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Friedman%2C+Herbert%2C+1924-2006\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Gardner, Thomas N.","value":"Gardner, Thomas N.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Gardner%2C+Thomas+N.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","value":"Hirschfeld, Robert M. A.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Hirschfeld%2C+Robert+M.+A.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","value":"Adams, Henry Ward, 1861-1944","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Henry+Ward%2C+1861-1944"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","value":"Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Albert+and+Shirley+Small+Special+Collections+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"American Rhododendron Society","value":"American Rhododendron Society","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=American+Rhododendron+Society"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","value":"Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Arthur+J.+Morris+Law+Library+Special+Collections"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","value":"Barker, Horton, 1889-1973","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Barker%2C+Horton%2C+1889-1973"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","value":"Barnard, Allie Wallace, 1909-2001","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Barnard%2C+Allie+Wallace%2C+1909-2001"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","value":"Bean, Robert Bennett, 1874-1944","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bean%2C+Robert+Bennett%2C+1874-1944"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bethany Nowviskie","value":"Bethany Nowviskie","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bethany+Nowviskie"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","value":"Bibb, Rosa Lewis, 1906-1992","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bibb%2C+Rosa+Lewis%2C+1906-1992"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bloom, Joseph D.","value":"Bloom, Joseph D.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bloom%2C+Joseph+D."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bluemango Books and Manuscripts","value":"Bluemango Books and Manuscripts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bluemango+Books+and+Manuscripts"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Student activism","value":"Student activism","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Student+activism"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Student life","value":"Student life","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Student+life"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Civil rights","value":"African Americans -- Civil rights","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Civil+rights\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Civil rights.","value":"African Americans -- Civil rights.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Civil+rights.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans--Virginia--Reston.","value":"African Americans--Virginia--Reston.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans--Virginia--Reston.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Authors and publishers","value":"Authors and publishers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Authors+and+publishers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Black-and-white photographs","value":"Black-and-white photographs","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Black-and-white+photographs\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Children","value":"Children","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Children\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Children's art","value":"Children's art","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Children%27s+art\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Children's books","value":"Children's books","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Children%27s+books\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Civil rights -- United States","value":"Civil rights -- United States","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+United+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Civil rights -- Virginia","value":"Civil rights -- Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Civil+rights+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College teachers","value":"College teachers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=College+teachers\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":25},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record Group","value":"Record Group","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+Group"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":25},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}